Scribd
Upload
6 views

UNIT-VI System Structure

The document discusses the structure and functions of an operating system. It describes the various services an operating system provides including user interfaces, program execution, input/output operations, file system manipulation, communication, and error detection. It also explains system calls which provide an interface for programs to access operating system functions, categorizing them into process control, file management, device management, information maintenance, communication, and protection. Specific Linux system calls related to file and directory management are also listed.

Uploaded by

vvloggingzone05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
6 views

UNIT-VI System Structure

The document discusses the structure and functions of an operating system. It describes the various services an operating system provides including user interfaces, program execution, input/output operations, file system manipulation, communication, and error detection. It also explains system calls which provide an interface for programs to access operating system functions, categorizing them into process control, file management, device management, information maintenance, communication, and protection. Specific Linux system calls related to file and directory management are also listed.

Uploaded by

vvloggingzone05
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 25

UNIT-VI : System structure

Contents-

Operating System Services


User Operating-System Interface – Command interpreter, GUI
System Calls
Types of System Calls – Process control, File management,
Device management, Information maintenance, Communication,
Protection
Linux System calls related to file and directory management
Introduction

 OS provides environment for program execution


 The design goals focuses on-
 The services that the system provides
 Interfaces that it makes available to users and
programmers
 Its components and their interconnections
Operating System Services
A view of operating system services is as shown below:
Operating System Services
OS Services:
 User Interface
 Program execution
 I/O Operation
 File-System manipulation
 Communication
 Error detection
Operating System Services
Another set of OS functions for efficient working of
system:
 Resource Allocation
 Accounting
 Protection and Security
User Operating System Interfaces

Two fundamental approaches:


 Command Interpreter
 Graphical User Interfaces
User Operating System Interfaces: Command Line Interface

CLI or command interpreter allows direct command entry

 Some OS include command interpreter in the kernel and some


in systems program

 On systems with multiple command interpreters to choose from,


the interpreters are known as – shells

 Example- Bourne shell, C shell, Bourne-Again shell, Korn shell


and others

 Important function is to get and execute the next user-


specified command.
User Operating System Interfaces: Graphical User Interface

GUI: User friendly desktop metaphor Interface

 Users employ a mouse-based window-and-menu system

 The first GUI appeared on the Xerox Alto computer in 1973

 Various GUI interfaces are available, including the Command


Desktop Environment (CDE) and X-windows systems
System Calls
System calls provides an interface to the services made available by
an OS.
 These calls are generally available as routines written in C and C++
 Generally available as assembly-language instructions
Ex: Reading and writing the files
 Mostly accessed by programs via a high-level Application
Programming Interface (API) rather than direct system call use
 Three most common APIs are Win32 API for Windows, POSIX API for
POSIX-based systems (including virtually all versions of UNIX, Linux,
and Mac OS X), and Java API for the Java virtual machine (JVM)
An Example: How system calls are used
System Calls(cont…)
 Typically, a number associated with each system call
 System-call interface maintains a table indexed according to these
numbers
 The system call interface invokes the intended system call in OS kernel
and returns status of the system call and any return values
 The caller need know nothing about how the system call is
implemented
 Just needs to obey API and understand what OS will do as a result call
 Most details of OS interface hidden from programmer by API Managed
by run-time support library (set of functions built into libraries included
with compiler)
Handling a user application invoking
the open() system call
Passing parameters as a table
Types of system calls

System calls are grouped into six major categories:


 Process control
 File manipulation
 Device manipulation
 Information maintenance
 Communications
 Protection
Process control

 end, abort
 load, execute
 create process, terminate process
 get process attributes, set process attributes
 wait for time
 wait event, signal event
 allocate and free memory
File Management
 create file, delete file
 open, close file
 read, write, reposition
 get and set file attributes
Device management

 request device, release device


 read, write, reposition
 get device attributes, set device attributes
 logically attach or detach devices
Information management

 get time or date, set time or date


 get system data, set system data
 get process, file or device attributes
 set process, file or device attributes
Communication
 create, delete communication connection
 send, receive information
 transfer status information
 attach or detach remote devices

Protection
 control access to resources
 get and set permissions
 allow and deny user access
Examples of Windows and Unix System Calls
Example of Standard C Library
C program invoking the printf() statement
MS-DOS execution: An Example
 Single-tasking

 Shell invoked when system


booted

 Simple method to run program

 No process created

 Single memory space

 Loads program into memory,


overwriting all but the kernel At system startup Running a program

 Program exit -> shell reloaded


Linux System calls related to file and directory

1. https://users.cs.cf.ac.uk/Dave.Marshall/C/node20.html
Management

 open()
 close()
 read()
 write()
 lseek()
 opendir(0
 readdir()
 closedir()
 rewinddir()

You might also like