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This document provides information about GPS (Global Positioning System) and its use for vehicle positioning and tracking. It discusses why GPS was developed, how it works using satellites and triangulation, and some common applications like navigation, mapping and fleet management. It also describes different GPS instruments that can be installed in vehicles for real-time tracking, monitoring locations, speeds and routes. Accuracy and sources of errors in GPS positioning are also covered.

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NM2104TE06 PRATHURI SUMANTH
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19 views

Its 6

This document provides information about GPS (Global Positioning System) and its use for vehicle positioning and tracking. It discusses why GPS was developed, how it works using satellites and triangulation, and some common applications like navigation, mapping and fleet management. It also describes different GPS instruments that can be installed in vehicles for real-time tracking, monitoring locations, speeds and routes. Accuracy and sources of errors in GPS positioning are also covered.

Uploaded by

NM2104TE06 PRATHURI SUMANTH
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Intelligent Transport Systems

Lecture: 2.2 Vehicle Positioning System

K. Srikanth
Assistant Professor
Department of Civil Engineering
[email protected]
WHY DO WE NEED GPS?
➢ Trying to figure out where you are is probable man’s oldest pastime

➢ US Dept of Defence decided to form a worldwide positioning system

➢ Also known as NAVSTAR ( Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging Global positioning
system) provides instantaneous position, velocity and time information
GPS (GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM):

➢ GPS utilizes the signals emitted from a network of 24 satellites, which are picked up by a
receiver and hence extracts the exact position of the object or the user

➢ A Constellation of Earth-Orbiting Satellites Maintained by the United States Government


for the Purpose of Defining Geographic Positions On and Above the Surface of the Earth
GPS SATELLITES (SATELLITE VEHICLES(SV’s))

➢ First GPS satellite launched in 1978

➢ Full constellation achieved in 1994

➢ Satellites built to last about 10 years

➢ Approximately 2,000 pounds,17 feet across

➢ Transmitter power is only 50 watts or less


PRECISE POSITIONING SYSTEM (PPS)

➢ Authorized users ONLY

➢ U. S. and Allied military

➢ Requires cryptographic equipment, specially equipped receivers

➢ Accurate to 21 meters 95% of time


STANDARD POSITIONING SERVICE (SPS)

➢ Available to all users

➢ Accuracy degraded by Selective Availability until 2 May 2000

➢ Horizontal Accuracy: 100m

➢ Now has roughly same accuracy as PPS


GPS PROVIDES………

➢ 24 hr, world wide service

➢ 3-dimensional location information

➢ Accurate velocity information

➢ Precise timing services

➢ World wide common grid converted to local grid

➢ Continuous real time information

➢ accessibility
Components of GPS

➢ The Space segment


➢ The Control Segment
➢ User Segment
SPACE SEGMENT

➢ Satellites operating in circular 20,200KM orbit at an inclination angle of 55°and with 12hr
orbit

➢ Minimum of 5 satellites to users with a PDOP (Position Dilution of Precision) of 6 or less


GEOSTATIONARY SATELLITES

➢ The basic operation of a GPS system


actually is measuring distances on
altitudes close to the surface of earth,
by means of referring to the time it
takes for radio signals to travel
between the receiver and the satellite

➢ This method enables the calculation of


the objects latitude, longitude, altitude,
and speed
GPS NOMINAL CONSTELLATION
CONTROL SEGMENT
➢ 5 monitor stations
➢ 3 Ground Antennas
➢ Master control Station located at Schriever AFB in Colorado
USER SEGMENT
➢ User equipment consists of an antenna, a receiver a data processor with software and a
control or display unit

➢ uses pseudo-random codes for measuring 3 D position

➢ The basic reference geocentric coordinate system is WGS84 (World geodetic System)
COMMON USES FOR GPS
➢ Land, Sea and Air Navigation and Tracking

➢ Surveying/ Mapping

➢ Military Applications

➢ Recreational Uses
Principle of GPS
HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS
TRIANGULATION
➢ Triangulation is a method for determining a position based on the distance from other
points or objects that have known locations
➢ In the case of GPS, the location of each satellite is accurately known. A GPS receiver
measures its distance from each satellite in view above the horizon
DISTANCE MEASURING
DISTANCE MEASURING
ACCURACY, PRECISION AND ERRORS IN GPS

Accuracy
The nearness of a measurement to the standard or true value

Precision
The degree to which several measurements provide answers very close to each other
SOURCES OF ERROR
➢ Selective Availability
• Intentional degradation of GPS accuracy
• 100m in horizontal and 160m in vertical
• Accounted for most error in standard GPS
• Turned off May 2, 2000

➢ Clock Error
• Differences between satellite clock and receiver clock

➢ Ionosphere Delays
• Delay of GPS signals as they pass through the layer of charged ions and free
electrons known as the ionosphere

➢ Multipath Error
• Caused by local reflections of the GPS signal that mix with the desired signal
HOW TO TRACK?

➢ Call Center

➢ Location Query

➢ Internet

➢ Offline
GPS BASED VEHICLE TRACKING SYSTEM

➢ GPS based Vehicle Tracking and Information System (VTIS), offers an effective tool
for improving the operational efficiency and utilization of vehicles
OFF-LINE TRACKING
➢ A GPS based unit, fitted inside the vehicle, will store the desired parameters like
latitude, longitude and speed etc. at a fixed interval

➢ Coverage is 100% and can trace each and every location on the Indian soil

➢ At the control station, the data from the instrument is downloaded by software, on a
regular pc, for analysis

➢ One can generate different kinds of reports and Geographical Information Systems
(GIS) map plots with these data.

➢ Map plots make it easy to visualize the movement of the vehicle

➢ This is an inexpensive, useful and important option for goods-tracking requirements in


India
ONLINE TRACKING
➢ Best method for the real time tracking of a vehicle

➢ The ‘In-Vehicle’ unit takes the current location /position information (latitude,
longitude, speed) provided by GPS and transmit it to the base station server via a
communication link.

➢ As soon as the location information is received, the software at the server saves the
information and shows the current location on a GIS map in real time

➢ The communication link and the base station with receiving facility make this option
extremely expensive

➢ The high cost involved limited the use of GPS method of online vehicle tracking to a
very few users
REMOTE MONITORING
➢ Remote Monitoring of the vehicle is your view on the vehicle, being at a far away
distance from the vehicle

➢ It is tracking the vehicle path, speed etc. and to keep the vehicle to be in your control
GPS BLACK BOX
➢ Black Box GPS is a powerful device that allows for the "passive" tracking of a vehicle,
boat or plane

➢ It constantly records vehicle's location, speed, and time


DATA’S
➢ Duration

➢ Number of the stops made by a particular truck

➢ Speed

➢ Direction

➢ List of stops with landmarks etc


GPS Instruments for Positioning and Tracking
MARKKER
• Markker is a GPS/GPRS based vehicle tracking device. It has a built-in integrated
GPS/GSM antenna and a back-up battery
GPS Instruments for Positioning and Tracking
DATALOGGER
• Vehicle Tracking is increasingly becoming an integral part of running an efficient and
safe operation, DataLogger II is a covert GPS vehicle tracking device used for
monitoring the travel activities of company, fleet and private vehicles, and as an aid in
keeping travel records for tax purposes
GPS Instruments for Positioning and Tracking
SKY RUNNER
• The SkyRunner is a rugged Pure Satellite Vehicle location Manager (VLM) designed to
provide robust vehicle tracking for regional fleets here continuous cellular coverage is a
challenge
• The SkyRunner provides “any-where” coverage using satellite communications for
GPS and Data. The SkyRunner is easily installed by most automotive technicians and
there is practically no maintenance
GPS Instruments for Positioning and Tracking
CYCLOPS SPEED CAMERA
• Cyclops is manufactured by Cyclops UK. The Cyclops is a Speed Camera Detection
System (SDS) which will notify and warn you when you are approaching a Speed
Camera like a fixed GATSO camera, or a Truvelo Digital Gatso
• This is a standalone box and does not require any Pocket PC's whatsoever
GPS Instruments for Positioning and Tracking
GEODESY
• The Geodesy is a Speed Camera Detection System (SDS) which will notify and warn
you when you are approaching a Speed Camera like a fixed GATSO camera, or a
Truvelo Digital Gatso.
GPS Instruments for Positioning and Tracking
M Track Instrument
GPS Instruments for Positioning and Tracking
VEHICLE TRACKING GPS

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