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CG Module 3

This document covers concepts related to clipping and transformations in computer graphics such as: - Clipping windows define the visible region and clipping removes invisible portions of lines and polygons. Normalization maps coordinates to a standard range which is important for clipping and transformations. - Viewport transformations map normalized device coordinates to screen coordinates to account for differences in coordinate systems. The Cohen-Sutherland and Sutherland-Hodgeman algorithms are commonly used for line and polygon clipping respectively. - Clipping tests objects against the clipping window to remove invisible portions. It is an essential step in the rendering pipeline to avoid drawing outside the visible region. Improperly implementing clipping can cause objects to be drawn incorrectly.

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35 views

CG Module 3

This document covers concepts related to clipping and transformations in computer graphics such as: - Clipping windows define the visible region and clipping removes invisible portions of lines and polygons. Normalization maps coordinates to a standard range which is important for clipping and transformations. - Viewport transformations map normalized device coordinates to screen coordinates to account for differences in coordinate systems. The Cohen-Sutherland and Sutherland-Hodgeman algorithms are commonly used for line and polygon clipping respectively. - Clipping tests objects against the clipping window to remove invisible portions. It is an essential step in the rendering pipeline to avoid drawing outside the visible region. Improperly implementing clipping can cause objects to be drawn incorrectly.

Uploaded by

iamdevsoni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CG Module 3

1. What is a clipping window in computer graphics, and how does it relate to the clipping
process?
2. Explain the concept of normalization in the context of computer graphics. Why is it
important in clipping and transformations?

3. Describe what viewport transformations are and why they are used in computer graphics
pipelines.
4. What is the purpose of the viewport transformation matrix, and how does it map normalized
device coordinates to screen coordinates?

5. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping
algorithm in 2D graphics.
6. Explain the four region codes used in the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm and how
they are determined for a given point.

7. Walk through the steps of the Cohen-Sutherland line clipping algorithm and how it decides
whether a line is partially visible, completely visible, or invisible.
8. What is 2D point clipping, and why is it necessary in computer graphics?
9. Describe the concept of a clipping rectangle and how it is used to determine if a point is
inside or outside the clipping region.

10. What is polygon clipping, and why is it essential in computer graphics? How does it differ
from line clipping?
11. Explain the Sutherland-Hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm. What are the main steps
involved in clipping a polygon against an arbitrary clipping region?
12. What are the key challenges or limitations of the Sutherland-Hodgeman algorithm when it
comes to polygon clipping?
13. How can you handle concave polygons when using the Sutherland-Hodgeman algorithm for
clipping?
14. Discuss the challenges or potential issues that may arise when using the Sutherland-
Hodgeman polygon clipping algorithm. How can these issues be addressed?
15. In the context of computer graphics, why is clipping an essential step in the rendering
pipeline? What are the consequences of skipping or improperly implementing clipping?
16. Explain how viewport transformations are used to map normalized device coordinates (NDC)
to screen or pixel coordinates. What transformations are involved in this process?
17. Compare and contrast the concepts of "window-to-viewport transformation" and "viewport-
to-screen transformation" in the graphics pipeline.
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21. Consider a graphics system where the clipping window is defined as follows: (Xmin, Ymin) =
(50, 50) and (Xmax, Ymax) = (300, 200). A line segment has endpoints at A(20, 80) and B(200,
250). Determine whether this line segment is entirely inside, partially inside, or entirely
outside the clipping window.
22. Suppose you have a set of normalized device coordinates (NDC) for a 2D point, P(Nx, Ny),
where Nx = 0.6 and Ny = 0.3. Perform the viewport transformation to map this point to pixel
coordinates in a screen with dimensions 800x600.

Cohen-Sutherland Line Clipping:

23. Given a line with endpoints P1(30, 40) and P2(260, 180) and a clipping window defined by
(Xmin, Ymin) = (50, 50) and (Xmax, Ymax) = (300, 200), apply the Cohen-Sutherland line
clipping algorithm to determine the clipped line segment (if any).
24. Calculate the binary codes (outcodes) for two points: Point A(150, 220) and Point B(40, 30)
concerning a clipping window with (Xmin, Ymin) = (50, 50) and (Xmax, Ymax) = (300, 200)
using the Cohen-Sutherland code classification.

Sutherland-Hodgeman Polygon Clipping:

25. Given a convex polygon defined by the following vertices in counterclockwise order: A(100,
100), B(200, 100), C(200, 200), and D(100, 200), clip it against a rectangular clipping window
with (Xmin, Ymin) = (150, 150) and (Xmax, Ymax) = (250, 250) using the Sutherland-
Hodgeman algorithm.
26. Consider a non-convex polygon with vertices E(120, 180), F(160, 150), G(180, 220), and
H(140, 240). Clip this polygon against a clipping window defined by (Xmin, Ymin) = (130, 160)
and (Xmax, Ymax) = (170, 200) using the Sutherland-Hodgeman algorithm.
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