| SEPTEMBER | 2023

2nd Floor | R&K Complex | 924 | Pipeline

kasmentor.com +91 799 444 0444 Rd | opposite Kowdiar Palace | Kowdiar |
Thiruvananthapuram | Kerala 695003
 September 2023

INDEX
KAS/DEGREE PRELIMS SNIPPETS.............................................................................. 1-48

CIVICS AND CONSTITUTION

 NCERT Gets Deemed University Status

 Old Parliament Building To Be Called As ‘Samvidhan Sadan’

INTERNATIONAL RELATION

 India and UN Launch Global Capacity Building Initiative

 India-Middle East-Europe Mega Economic Corridor Project

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

 India’s Largest Home-Built Nuclear Plant Starts Operations

ECONOMY

 SBI Introduces ‘Mobile Handheld Device’ To Drive Financial Inclusion

HEALTH

 India Unveils Worlds First Portable Hospital Arogya Maitri Cube

 Japanese encephalitis -(JE) virus

GOVERNMENT SCHEMS AND INITIATIVES

 PRIP scheme

 “Adopt a Heritage 2.0 programme” Indian Heritage app and e-permission portal

 Law Minister launches Tele-Law 2.0

GEOGRAPHY

 Sago
 September 2023

ENVIRONMENT

 India gets its 54th Tiger Reserve “Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve” in MP

 India Gets Its First Green Hydrogen-Run Bus That Emits Just Water

ART AND CULTURE

 World’s tallest Nataraja statue installed at G20 summit venue

 Hoysala Temples now India’s 42nd UNESCO’s World Heritage site

 Dancing Girl Sculpture

HISTORY

 President to inaugurate 12-foot Mahatma Gandhi statue, ‘Gandhi Vatika’ near

Rajghat

AWARDS

 Dr V G Patel Memorial Award 2023

 Miss International India 2023

 IGBC’s ‘Green Railway Station’ certification

 Nobel Prize 2022

 Professor Svante Pääbo

 Annie Ernaux

 Ales Bialiatski

 Alain Aspect ,John Clauser,Anton Zeilinger

 Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, Barry Sharpless

 Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond, Philip H. Dybvig

 September 2023

LATEST APPOINTMENT

 Jaya Verma Sinha 1st Woman Chairperson to Head the Railway Board

 Rahul Navin Takes Charge as Director of Enforcement Directorate

 Dr Dinesh Dasa takes oath of Office and

 Secrecy as Member, UPSC

 Former SBI Chief Rajnish Kumar appointed Chairman of Mastercard India

 Srinivasan K. Swamy Elected Chairman of the Audit Bureau of Circulations

(ABC) for 2023-2024

OBITUARIES

 M S Swaminathan

SPORTS

 Asian Games 2023

IMPORTANT DAYS

 World Coconut Day

 International Day of Charity

 Teacher’s Day 2023

 International Literacy Day

 World Physiotherapy Day

 International Day to Protect Education from Attack

 Suicide Prevention Awareness Day

 Himalaya Diwas

 Hindi Diwas

 International Day of Democracy

 World Lymphoma Awareness Day

 September 2023

 World Ozone Day

 International Day for Interventional Cardiology

 World Patient Safety Day

 World Bamboo Day

 International Red Panda

 Ganesh Chathurthi

 International Day of Peace

 International Week of the Deaf

 World Rhino Day

 International Day of Sign Languages

 World Rivers Day

 World Pharmacists Day

 World Environmental Health Day

 World Rabies Day

KAS MAINS EXCLUSIVE

GS-I .................................................................................................... 49-116

CULTURE OF KERALA....................................................................................

Keraleeyam 2023, a captivating week-long celebration

 September 2023

GS-II ..............................................................................................................................

INDIAN CONSTITUTION, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, POLITICAL SYSTEM, GOVERNANCE,

SOCIAL JUSTICE AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS......................

 India, Bharat and a host of implications.

 On the crime of ‘false promise to marry’

 one nation, one election

 Editors Guild of India has right to free speech, says CJI

 The Bharatiya Nayay Sanhita needs a relook

 Women's Reservation Bill [The Constitution (108th Amendment) Bill, 2008]

 Mediation Act 2023: A Clear Message to Industry on Dispute Resolution

 India’s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)

 ‘ASEAN CENTRAL PILLAR OF INDIA’S ACT EAST POLICY’

 The implications of the expansion of BRICS

 ANALYSING WHERE INDIA STANDS IN THE G20

 The rising influence of ethnic Indians causes frictions in India-Canada ties

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY.......................................................................................

 Bridging the malnutrition gap, the Bemetara way

 A GM crop decision that cuts the mustard

 Vagus Nerve

ICT..................................................................................................................................

 Transfer of personal data under UN treaty will be under domestic laws: India
 September 2023

ENERGY REQUIREMENT AND EFFICIENCY.................................................................

 Launch of Global Biofuels Alliance a key moment in quest for clean energy

 Disentangling the 2030 global renewable energy target

 The Complex Path to Biofuel Sustainability

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE.........................................................................................

 Redouble efforts to reduce disaster risks

GS-III …….............................................................................. 117-159

ECONOMY AND PLANNING.........................................................................................

 Global Innovation Index 2023

AGRICULTURE...............................................................................................................

 Climate phenomena and food security

 Dr M S Swaminathan: Father of India’s Green Revolution

TRENDS AND PATTERNS IN STRUCTURE OF POPULATION OVER TIME

 How unemployment is measured

FOREIGN TRADE..............................................................................................

 WTO: Agreement on Investment Facilitation for Development (IFA

KERALA ECONOMY..........................................................................................

 Zhen Hua from China to be first cargo vessel to call at Vizhinjam

 September 2023

KERALA MODEL DEVELOPMENT................................................................................

 With eye on ecology, State to focus on green tourism

 Arogya Manthan award for State for providing free medical care to most number
of people

 Draft framework calls for use of VR and AR for tech-friendly education

 Legislation to legalise patta land violations in Kerala

 As Kerala ages ahead of other states, elderly care a major worry

GEOGRAPHY............................................................................................................

 Galactic tides: Pushing and pulling the heavens

 Protecting floodplains is the need of the hour

 Kole wetlands of Kerala

10th +2 precise facts......................................................................... 160 -204

English vocabulary................................................................................ 205-208

CA Practice Questions.......................................................................... 209 -257

 SEPTEMBER 2023

KAS / DEGREE PRELIMS SNIPPERS

CIVICS AND CONSTITUTION

NCERT Gets Deemed University Status

 NCERT has established a formidable presence in research, actively shaped school

education, teacher training, and adult literacy.
 NCERT on becoming a research university will offer opportunities for global
collaborations and contributions to the global educational landscape,”
 In addition to the prestigious status conferred upon NCERT, Education Minister
Dharmendra Pradhan called for the integration of Bal Bhavans and Bal Vatika with
NCERT.
 This visionary step aims to provide a holistic and comprehensive educational
experience to children, fostering their overall development.
 Established in 1961 under the Society Act, NCERT has played a pivotal role in shaping
the educational landscape of India.

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Old Parliament Building To Be Called As

‘Samvidhan Sadan’

News Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi unveiled the new name for
the former Parliament building as 'Samvidhan Sadan' or 'Constitution
House,' signifying a dedication to safeguarding India's democratic legacy.

 This iconic structure, designed by British architects Sir Edwin Lutyens and Herbert
Baker and completed in 1927, has witnessed some of the most pivotal moments in
Indian history, including the drafting and passing of India’s constitution.

INTERNATIONAL RELATION

India and UN Launch Global Capacity Building

Initiative

News Context: India and the UN have jointly launched the "India-UN
Capacity Building Initiative" to share India's development expertise
with Global South nations.

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 This initiative is designed to facilitate the sharing of India’s development

experiences, best practices, and expertise with partner countries in the Global
South.

India-Middle East-Europe Mega Economic

Corridor Project
News Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the launch of
India-Middle East-Europe mega economic corridor project to boost trade
between the participating nations.

 The corridor, which involves India, UAE, Saudi Arabia, European Union, Italy, Germany
and the United States, is poised to be historic venture, surpassing even the legendary
Silk and Spice routes of the past.
 Aim- to boost trade between the participating nations, with a particular focus on
facilitating the exchange of energy-related goods.

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 This corridor is not merely a traditional transportation but a comprehensive

infrastructure network that includes various elements:

1. Rail Link: The corridor will feature a modern rail link, facilitating the movement of
goods and people across participating nations.

2. Electricity Cable: An electricity cable will be laid to ensure a reliable and efficient
power supply, enhancing energy cooperation and sustainability.

3. Hydrogen Pipeline: The project includes a hydrogen pipeline, reflecting a

commitment to cleaner energy sources and reduced carbon emissions.

4. High-Speed Data Cable: A high-speed data cable will enable seamless digital
connectivity, fostering innovation and economic growth.

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

India’s Largest Home-Built Nuclear Plant

Starts Operations
News Context: The largest domestically constructed nuclear facility in
India, a 700 MW nuclear power plant situated in Kakrapar, Gujarat, has
initiated operations at its full capacity.

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 It is significant development for India’s energy sector.

 It marks a pivotal moment in India’s quest for energy self-sufficiency and
underscores the nation’s commitment to harnessing indigenous nuclear technology.
 The Kakrapar Atomic Power Project (KAPP) had initiated its commercial operations
on June 30, 2023, but initially operated at only 90 percent of its capacity.
 The Kakrapar Nuclear Power Plant is a testament to India’s capability in developing
and operating nuclear power facilities entirely on its own.
 The Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) has been at the forefront
of this endeavor.
 Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) is responsible for constructing
two 700 MW pressurized heavy water reactors (PHWRs) at Kakrapar, Gujarat.
 Kakrapar is already home to two 220 MW power plants, and with the new 700 MW
unit coming online, it strengthens India’s nuclear power generation capacity.
 The NPCIL currently operates 23 commercial nuclear power reactors across the
country.
 Moreover, the organization has plans to build a total of 16 700 MW PHWRs at various
locations in India.

ECONOMY

SBI Introduces ‘Mobile Handheld Device’ To

Drive Financial Inclusion
News Context: SBI has introduced 'Mobile Handheld Device' for its
Financial Inclusion (FI) customers to enhance financial inclusion and
increase banking accessibility for all.

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 Financial inclusion, often referred to as inclusive finance, is the endeavor to ensure

that financial products and services are within reach and reasonably priced for
everyone, whether they are individuals or businesses, regardless of their personal
wealth or the size of their company.
 The goal of financial inclusion is to eliminate obstacles that prevent people from
engaging in the financial sector and utilizing these services to enhance their well-
being.

India Unveils Worlds First Portable Hospital

Arogya Maitri Cube

News Context: India introduces the world's first mobile hospital, the
Arogya Maitri Cube, as part of Prime Minister Narendra Modi's "Project
BHISHM" (Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog Hita and Maitri).

 India has built the world’s first disaster hospital that can be airlifted, packed in 72
cubes.
 It included Operation theatre, mini-ICU, ventilator, blood test equipment, X-ray machine,
cooking station, food, water, shelter, power generator and much more .

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 Known as the ‘Aarogya Maitri Cube’, India has built the product under project BHISHM
– Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog Hita and Maitri – which includes three frames,
each accommodating 12 mini-cubes.
 The cage can fit in 36 mini-cubes, including almost everything that can be packed
for survival for a period of 48 hours for 100 survivors.
 The design allows joining two cages – master cube one and master cube two,
including 72 cubes in total – with damage control capabilities for 200 survivors.
 The cubes can handle several severe injuries, including 40 bullet injuries, 25 major
bleeds, 25 major burns, around 10 head injuries, long limb fractures, spinal injuries,
chest injuries and spinal fractures.

Japanese encephalitis
(JE) virus

 According to a new study by ICMR, efficacy of JE vaccine (SA 14-14-2) is around 86.7%.
 JE is a flavivirus related to dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses, and is spread
by Culex mosquitoes.
 Virus exists in a transmission cycle between mosquitoes, pigs and/or water birds
(enzooticcycle). Humans are incidental or dead-end hosts.
 JE is the main cause of acute encephalitis syndrome in South Asia, including India.
 There is no cure for the disease.

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GOVERNMENT SCHEMS AND INITIATIVES

PRIP scheme
News Context: The Union Health Ministry has announced an
ambitious plan to boost research and innovation in the
pharmaceutical and medtech sectors.

 To achieve an ambitious plan to boost research and innovation in the pharmaceutical

and medtech sectors, they have introduced the Promotion of Research & Innovation
in Pharma-MedTech sector (PRIP) scheme.
 It believes that the Indian pharmaceutical industry has the potential to increase its
current 3.4 per cent share of the global market to 5 per cent by the year 2030.
 It will be launched in September and will have a duration of five years, from 2023-24
to 2027-28.
 The Centre will also provide ₹4,250 crore to support research in the private sector
through milestone-based funding.
 The Centre may also acquire equity stakes of 5-10% in these private entities in
exchange for the funding.
 The scheme aims to enhance the capacity of PSUs and encourage private sector
participation in research.
 The scheme’s two components, dedicated funding for the National Institutes of
Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPERs) and support for the private sector aim
to address critical challenges and promote growth in these sectors.

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 SEPTEMBER 2023

“Adopt a Heritage 2.0 programme” Indian

Heritage app and e-permission portal

News Context: ASI Unveils "Adopt a Heritage 2.0 Initiative," Introduces

Indian Heritage Mobile Application and E-Permission Portal, Aiming to
Safeguard and Exhibit India's Abundant Cultural Heritage.

 Launched by Archaeological Survey of India

 To ensure the preservation and enhancement of India’ rich cultural heritage and its
invaluable cultural legacy.
 The “Adopt a Heritage 2.0” programme is a revamped and dynamic initiative building
on the foundation laid by its predecessor launched in 2017.
 This program is designed to facilitate corporate stakeholders’ active involvement in
improving amenities at heritage sites by utilizing their Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR) funds.
 The selection process for corporate stakeholders will involve thorough due diligence,
discussions with various stakeholders, and a comprehensive assessment of the
economic and developmental opportunities associated with each monument.
 The selected stakeholders will be entrusted with developing, providing, and
maintaining amenities in hygiene, accessibility, safety, and knowledge categories.
 In conjunction with the “Adopt a Heritage 2.0” programme, a user-friendly mobile app
named ‘Indian Heritage’ will be launched on the same day.

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 This innovative app will serve as a digital showcase of India’s rich heritage
monuments.
 It will provide state-wise details of monuments, accompanied by photographs, a list
of available public amenities, geo-tagged locations, and a feedback mechanism for
citizens.
 The app’s launch will be carried out in phases, with ticketed monuments introduced
in Phase I, followed by the remaining monuments.
 Additionally, to streamline and expedite various processes related to heritage sites,
an e-permission portal with the URL www.asipermissionportal.gov.in will be
launched.
 This portal will facilitate the acquisition of permissions for photography, filming, and
developmental projects on monuments, resolving operational and logistical
bottlenecks involved in these activities.

Law Minister launches Tele-Law 2.0

News Context: In a significant stride towards achieving this goal, the
Union Minister of Law and Justice recently launched Tele-Law 2.0, a
revamped version of the Tele-Law program.

 Tele-Law – It is an initiative launched by the Government of India to provide legal

assistance and advice to citizens, especially those residing in rural and remote areas,
who have limited access to legal services.
 The initiative utilizes technology to bridge the gap between citizens and legal
professionals, making legal aid accessible to all.
 Tele-Law 2.0, a revamped version of the Tele-Law program.
 To access justice is a fundamental right that every citizen should enjoy, regardless of
their geographical location or socio-economic status.
 This initiative, operating under the DISHA Scheme by the Department of Justice,
Ministry of Law & Justice, aims to provide free legal aid to the rural and marginalized
sections of society through video conferencing.

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 The Tele-Law program achieved a remarkable milestone by successfully delivering 5

million legal consultations.
 During the launch event, an integration between Tele-Law and Nyaya Bandhu pro
bono legal services was unveiled.
 This integration aims to create a direct link between individuals seeking legal aid
and pro bono advocates, facilitating a seamless process for accessing legal support.

GEOGRAPHY
Sago

News Context: SAGOSERVE (a cooperative society) received GI tag for

its Sago produced in Salem (TN).

 Sago is derived from raw tapiocas and is in the form of small hard globules or pearls
and is pearl white in colour.
 Tapioca is a horticultural crop, that grows in tropical, warm humid climate with rainfall
of over 100 cm per annum.
 Sago comprises of high carbohydrate content and is low in protein, fat, minerals,
vitamins etc.
 It is easy to digest and provides rapid energy.

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ENVIRONMENT

India gets its 54th Tiger Reserve

“Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve” in MP

News Context: Madhya Pradesh, which is home to the most number of

tigers in the country, has got a new protected area for the big cats named
‘Veerangana Durgavati Tiger Reserve’, the seventh in the state.

 The Madhya Pradesh Government has unveiled the Veerangana Durgavati Tiger
Reserve, becoming the seventh tiger reserve in the state and the 54th in India.
 MP retained the “tiger state” status in the 2022 census with the number of big cats in
the state rising to 785 from 526 in 2018.
 It is spread across Sagar, Damoh and Narsinghpur districts of Madhya Pradesh.
 It will encompass areas within the Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary and Durgavati Wildlife
Sanctuary.
 A green corridor linking Panna Tiger Reserve (PTR) with Durgavati will be developed
for the natural movement of the tiger to the new reserve.
 Rivers: Parts of the reserve fall under the Narmada and Yamuna River basins.
 The Singorgarh Fort is located within the reserve.

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As per the report ‘Status of Tigers: Co-predators & Prey in

India-2022’, released by the National Tiger Conservation
Authority and Wildlife Institute of India in July this year,
MP (785) has the highest number of tigers in the country,
followed by Karnataka (563) and Uttarakhand (560).

India Gets Its First Green Hydrogen-Run Bus

That Emits Just Water
The Indian Oil Corporation has launched the nation's first green
hydrogen-powered bus, promoting eco-friendly transport options to
reduce nation's reliance on fossil fuels.

 Green hydrogen is gaining prominence as an eco-friendly energy source with several

advantages over traditional fossil fuels.
 When burned, hydrogen emits only water vapour as a by-product, making it a clean
and environmentally friendly choice.
 Furthermore, it boasts three times the energy density of conventional fuels, offering
enhanced efficiency for various applications.
 Hydrogen is hailed as the fuel of the future and holds immense potential in aiding
India’s decarbonisation efforts.

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 Globally, the demand for hydrogen is expected to surge, with estimates ranging from
four to seven times current levels, reaching 500-800 tonnes by 2050.
 Domestically, India’s demand for hydrogen is projected to quadruple, from the
current 6 tonnes to 25-28 tonnes by 2050.

ART AND CULTURE

World’s tallest Nataraja statue installed at G20
summit venue

News Context: At the G20 Summit venue, there's a gigantic 27-foot-tall

statue of Nataraja. Skilled artists from Swamimalai, Tamil Nadu,
created it using an ancient method called 'lost-wax' casting.

 It is a stunning 27-foot-tall statue of Nataraja, portraying Lord Shiva in his cosmic

dance.
 This sculpture, crafted from ashtadhatu, an eight-metal alloy, boasts an astonishing
weight of 18 tonnes.
 The Nataraja statue was meticulously crafted by a team of artisans hailing from
Swamimalai, a town renowned for its traditional metalwork.
 The primary sculptors behind this masterpiece are 61-year-old Srikanda Sthapathy,
along with his brothers Radhakrishna Sthapathy and Swaminatha Sthapathy.

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 The Sthapathy family’s lineage in sculpture spans an impressive 34 generations, with

their craft rooted in the Chola era, notably the construction of the Big

(Brihadeeshwara) Temple.

 The Sthapathy family received their training in the ancient gurukul system, which

has been passed down through generations.

 They were entrusted with the Nataraja project after meeting stringent criteria

outlined in a tender by the Indira Gandhi National Centre for the Arts, Ministry of

Culture.

 This project draws inspiration from three revered Nataraja idols: Thillai Nataraja

Temple in Chidambaram, Uma Maheswarar Temple in Konerirajapuram, and the

UNESCO World Heritage Site of Brihadeeshwara Temple in Thanjavur.

 The crafting process employed for this statue was the traditional ‘lost-wax’ casting

method, a technique indigenous to the Chola era.

 The process began with the creation of a highly detailed wax model adorned with

intricate ornaments.

 Initially intended to be made from panja loha, the statue eventually transitioned to

being crafted from ashtadhatu.

 A delegation provided feedback on the wax model during the creative process,

leading to minor adjustments in the statue’s limbs.

 The collaborative efforts of Srikanda and his two brothers in creating the base wax

model resulted in a seven-month-long project.

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 SEPTEMBER 2023

Hoysala Temples now India’s 42nd UNESCO’s

World Heritage site

News Context: The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysala, the famed Hoysala
temples of Belur, Halebid and Somananthpura in Karnataka have been
added to the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization.

 This inclusion marks the 42nd UNESCO World Heritage Site in India.
 The ‘Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysala’ have been on UNESCO’s Tentative list since
April 15, 2014.
 All these three Hoysala temples are already protected monuments of the
Archaeological Survey of India (ASI).
 The Hoysala temples are known for their intricate carvings and exquisite architecture.
 They were built by the Hoysala Empire, which ruled over a large part of southern India
between the 10th and 14th centuries.

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Dancing Girl Sculpture

 Dancing Girl Sculpture belongs to the Mohenjdaro, an Indus
Valley Civilization (IVC) site, dated to circa 2500 BCE.
 It is made up of bronze.
 Sculpture is named as Dancing Girl owing to her posture, with
her right hand on the back of her hip and the left hand resting
on her left thigh.
 She is adorned by a necklace alongside some bangles.
 Sculpture was made using the 'Lost Wax' method wherein
molten wax is poured into a mould to create a model.

HISTORY

President to inaugurate 12-foot Mahatma

Gandhi statue, ‘Gandhi Vatika’ near Rajghat

In a momentous event that pays homage to the father of the nation,

President Droupadi Murmu will inaugurate a 12-foot statue of Mahatma
Gandhi and a 'Gandhi Vatika' near Rajghat on September 4.

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 Organized by the Gandhi Smriti and Darshan Samiti

 It coincides with India’s celebration of 75 years of independence.
 Its tenure as the G20 presidency.
 To symbolize India’s G20 presidency, flags of member nations have been installed at
Gandhi Darshan.
 This gesture highlights India’s role as a responsible global player, promoting
cooperation and unity among nations.
 The statue of Mahatma Gandhi, towering at 12 feet, will be unveiled at the entrance of
the 45-acre Gandhi Darshan complex.
 This complex is located near the memorial of Mahatma Gandhi at Rajghat, where the
revered leader was cremated.
 The statue serves as a poignant tribute to the Father of the Nation, who played a pivotal
role in India’s struggle for independence through non-violent means.

AWARDS

Dr V G Patel Memorial Award 2023

News Context: Mumbai Professor Satyajit Majumdar, dean of School of

Management and Labour Studies from Tata Institute of Social Sciences
(TISS), has received the ‘Dr V G Patel Memorial Award-2023.

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 SEPTEMBER 2023

 Patel is widely acknowledged as the Father of the Entrepreneurship Movement in India.

 Majumdar 63, has played an important role in the development of entrepreneurship,
especially in the social sector.
 Award will be given to a professional for his/her outstanding performance/contribution
in Entrepreneurship Training/Education/Mentoring/Knowledge or Technology Driven
Start-Ups.
 Award will be given to a professional for his/her outstanding performance/contribution
in Entrepreneurship. Training/Education/Mentoring/Knowledge or Technology Driven
Start-Ups.
 Award consists of a citation and a cash prize of Rs. 100,000/-.

Miss International India 2023

News Context: Praveena Anjana of Udaipur has been crowned Miss

International India 2023, gaining her position to represent India at the
Miss International pageant in Japan this October.

 The Miss International pageant is one of the most renowned beauty pageants in the
world, conducted annually in Japan.
 The pageant’s goal is to promote international peace and understanding through the
power of beauty.

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 SEPTEMBER 2023

IGBC’s ‘Green Railway Station’ certification

News Context: Vijayawada Railway Station was awarded the ‘Green

Railway Station’ certification with the highest rating of Platinum by
the Indian Green Building Council (IGBC).

 Award given for its efforts in improving the environmental standards and providing
eco-friendly services to passengers.
 The IGBC-CII Green Railway Stations Rating System is a voluntary initiative that aims
to facilitate the adoption of green concepts in railway stations.
 The system helps to address national priorities such as water conservation, waste
management, energy efficiency, reduced use of fossil fuels, and lesser dependency
on virgin materials.
 The rating system also helps the station management to understand their current
position with respect to the “green performance” of the station and the measures
that need to be taken to enhance the performance on a continual basis.

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 SEPTEMBER 2023

Nobel Prize 2022

News Context: List of Noble Prize Winners: Noble Prize Winners for
2022 were announced on 3rd October 2022 and will continue till 10th
October. Nobel Prize is known as the most prestigious award.

 The winners of the Noble Prize 2022 receive prize money of 10,00,000 Swedish
Krona.
 The first award ceremony for Nobel Prize was held in 1901, and since then it has been
awarded 609 times to 975 individuals and organizations.

Professor Svante Pääbo

Noble Prize in Physiology and Medicine 2022

Awarded for the discovery of the genetic identity

of two of humankind’s earliest ancestors, and
opening a new window on the human evolution
process.

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Annie Ernaux

Noble Prize in Literature 2022

Awarded for the courage and clinical acuity with which
she uncovers the roots, estrangements, and collective
restraints of personal memory.

Ales Bialiatski
Noble Peace Prize 2022
Awarded for promoting the right to criticize power and
protect the fundamental rights of citizens.
For showing outstanding efforts to document war
crimes, human rights abuses, and the abuse of power.

Alain Aspect ,John Clauser,Anton Zeilinger

Noble Prize in Physics 2022

Awarded for conducting experiments in quantum mechanics that laid the groundwork
for rapidly-developing new applications in computing and cryptography.

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 SEPTEMBER 2023

Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal, Barry Sharpless

Noble Prize in Chemistry 2022

Awarded for the development of click chemistry and bio-orthogonal chemistry

Ben S. Bernanke, Douglas W. Diamond, Philip H.

Dybvig

Noble Prize in Economics 2022

For the research on banking and financial crises

23
 SEPTEMBER 2023

LATEST APPOINTMENT

Jaya Verma Sinha 1st Woman Chairperson to Head

the Railway Board
News Context: The government appointed Jaya Verma Sinha as the first
woman Chairperson of the Railway Board, the top decision-making body
for the Ministry of Railways.

 Ms. Sinha is the first ever woman to head the Board in its 118-year-old history. The
Railway Board came into effect in 1905.
 The Railway Board of India is the apex body of the Indian Railways.
 It is responsible for the overall administration and management of the railways. The
board is headed by the Chairman, who is a member of the Union Cabinet.
 The other members of the board are the Railway Minister, the Financial Commissioner,
the Principal Chief Engineer, and the Principal Chief Accounts Officer.
 The Railway Board has its headquarters in New Delhi.
 It is divided into several departments, each of which is responsible for a specific area
of railway operations.
 These departments include the Traffic Department, the Engineering Department, the
Finance Department, the Personnel Department, and the Stores Department.

24
 SEPTEMBER 2023

Rahul Navin Takes Charge as Director of Enforcement

Directorate

News Context: IRS (Indian Revenue Service) officer Rahul Navin assumed
the role of In-Charge Director of the Enforcement Directorate (ED),
succeeding the outgoing Director Sanjay Kumar Mishra.

 According to an official order, Rahul Navin, a distinguished IRS officer from the 1993
batch, has been appointed as the In-Charge Director.
 The Enforcement Directorate (ED) is a specialized law enforcement agency in India
responsible for enforcing economic laws and regulations in the country.
 It is primarily tasked with investigating and prosecuting cases related to financial
crimes, money laundering, foreign exchange violations, and economic offenses.

25
 SEPTEMBER 2023

Dr Dinesh Dasa takes oath of Office and

Secrecy as Member, UPSC

News Context: Dr. Dinesh Dasa, an eminent scholar with a rich

background in forestry and public service, recently took the oath of
office and secrecy as a Member of the Union Public Service Commission
(UPSC).

 Dr. Dinesh Dasa’s academic journey is characterized by excellence.

 He holds a Ph.D. in Forest Laws and Sustainable Development from the Gujarat
National Law University, Gandhinagar.
 This academic achievement reflects his commitment to the crucial field of
sustainable forestry practices and environmental stewardship.

Former SBI Chief Rajnish Kumar appointed

Chairman of Mastercard India

News Context: Mastercard, the global financial services corporation, has

made a significant appointment in its Indian operations by naming Rajnish
Kumar as the Chairman of Mastercard India.

26
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 Rajnish Kumar’s career spans nearly four decades in

India’s largest bank, the State Bank of India.
 During his tenure, he held various leadership positions
and played a pivotal role in managing critical
operations not only in India but also in the UK and
Canada.
 His contributions to the banking sector are well-
acknowledged, with one of his notable achievements
being the spearheading of the YONO platform, a ground breaking digital banking
initiative.

Srinivasan K. Swamy Elected Chairman of the

Audit Bureau of Circulations (ABC) for 2023-2024

News Context: Srinivasan K. Swamy, the Executive Chairman of R.K.

Swamy Hansa Group, has been elected as the Chairman of the Audit
Bureau of Circulations (ABC) for the term 2023-2024.

 Srinivasan K. Swamy is a highly regarded figure in the

advertising and media world.
 He currently serves as the Chairman of the Asian
Federation of Advertising Associations and has held
pivotal leadership roles in numerous prominent
organizations.

27
 SEPTEMBER 2023

OBITUARIES

M S Swaminathan

M S Swaminathan, the renowned agricultural

scientist often referred to as the “Pioneer of the
Green Revolution in India,” passed away at the
age of 98.

 M.S. Swaminathan’s legacy lives on through the MS Swaminathan Research Foundation

(MSSRF), which he established in Taramani, Chennai, after receiving the first World
Food Prize in 1987.
 His numerous accolades, including the Padma Shri, Padma Bhushan, Padma Vibhushan,
and international awards, serve as enduring testaments to his remarkable
contributions to agriculture and science.

28
 SEPTEMBER 2023

SPORTS
Asian Games 2023

 Asian Games 2023, Palak Gulia and

Esha Singh shone in the women’s
10m air pistol individual event,
winning gold and silver medals.

 Prithviraj Tondaiman, Kynan

Chenai and Zoravar Singh Sandhu
added another gold medal to the
tally by shooting the gold medal in
the men's trap event.
 The Asian Games 2023 in Hangzhou,
China, witnessed a historic moment
as Avinash Sable, the Indian
steeplechase sensation, secured
a gold medal in the 3000m
steeplechase event.
 Avinash Sable the first Indian man
to clinch gold in this event but also
marked a breaking of the previous
Asian Games record.

 Sarabjot Singh, Shiva Narwal,

and Arjun Singh Cheema
displayed exceptional prowess,
securing victory by a single point
over the home Chinese team.

29
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 Rohan Bopanna and Rutuja

Bhosale claimed mixed doubles
gold with a 2-6 6-3 10-4 win over
Chinese Taipei’s Yu-hsiou Hsu
and Hao-ching Chan.

 Gold Medal Triumph: India's team,

comprising Rudrankksh Patil,
Aishwary Pratap Singh Tomar, and
Divyansh Singh Panwar, secured
the gold medal in the highly
competitive men's 10m air rifle
team event.

 In a stunning display of skill and

precision, the Indian men’s shooting
trio comprising Aishwarya Pratap
Singh Tomar, Swapnil Suresh Kusale,
and Akhil Sheoran secured a gold
medal in the 50m Rifle 3 Positions
Team event.

 Indian trio of Manu Bhaker, Esha Singh,

and Rhythm Sangwan secured the gold
medal in the women’s 25m pistol team
event at the Asian Games held in
Hangzhou, China.

30
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 India clinched the gold medal in

dressage at the Asian Games
2023, marking a historic moment for
the nation.
 The Indian equestrian team,
consisting of Anush Agarwal, Hriday
Vipul Kheda, Sudipati Hazel, and
Divyakriti Singh, achieved this
victory with a stellar score
of 209.205.
 This triumph comes after a 41-year-
long wait for India, as the country
had previously won gold in horse
riding during its debut appearance
at the Asian Games in 1982.

 Neeraj Chopra, India’s star javelin

thrower and the reigning World
champion, displayed his skill and
resolve at the Diamond League
finals in Eugene.
 His best throw of 83.80
meters secured him the second
position in this prestigious
competition, where he engaged in a
remarkable battle against formidable
opponents.

31
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 India’s Virat Kohli became the fastest

batter to reach 13,000 ODI runs during
the Asia Cup Super 4 against Pakistan at
the R. Premadasa Stadium in Colombo,
Sri Lanka.

 At the 2023 Tata Steel Chess India

tournament held in Kolkata, R
Praggnanandhaa from India achieved an
impressive third-place finish,
establishing himself as the leading Indian
contender.
 In the Open Blitz category, world
champion Alexander Grischuk exhibited
his dominance by securing the top
position, while Arjun Erigaisi secured the
second-best position among Indian
participants, securing fourth place in the
Chess tournament.

32
 SEPTEMBER 2023

IMPORTANT DAYS

September 2

World Coconut Day Every year, World

Coconut Day is
celebrated on
September 2. The
day is celebrated to
understand the
benefits of this fruit
and promote
awareness.

In India, Tamil Nadu,

Karnataka, Kerala,
West Bengal and
Andhra Pradesh are
the main states that
grow coconuts.

September 5
International Day of Charity

Mother Teresa’s 26th Death Anniversary

The International Day

of Charity is
celebrated on
September 5 to
commemorate the day
of passing away of
great missionary
Mother Teresa.

33
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 Mother Teresa, a renowned nun and missionary, was born as Anjeze

Gonxhe Bojaxhiu in Skopje, North Macedonia in on 26 August 1910.
 She became an Indian citizen in 1948 and established the order of
Missionaries of Charity in Calcutta (now Kolkata) in 1950.
 Missionary work done by Mother Teresa and her order of Missionaries
of Charity was acclaimed all over the world and she won a number of
awards for her charitable work, including 1962 Ramon Magsaysay
Peace Prize, Padma Shri in 1962, Jawaharlal Nehru Award for
International Understanding in 1969 and Bharat Ratna in 1980.
 She also received the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 “for work undertaken
in the struggle to overcome poverty and distress, which also
constitute a threat to peace.” She died on September 5th 1997 at the
age of 87 years.

September 5  Teacher's Day in India is celebrated on

September 5th every year. It is a day to
Teacher’s Day 2023
honor and celebrate the contributions
of teachers to society.
 The day is also observed as a tribute to
the memory of Dr. Sarvepalli
Radhakrishnan, the second President
of India from 1962 to 1967.
 Dr. Radhakrishnan was a scholar,
philosopher, and teacher.
 He was also a strong advocate for
education and believed that teachers
played a vital role in shaping the future
of the nation.

 In 1962, when Dr. S Radhakrishnan assumed office as the President

of India his students approached him seeking permission to
celebrate September 5 as a special day.
 Instead, Dr. Radhakrishnan asked his students to observe the date
as Teacher’s Day in a bid to acknowledge the contribution of
teachers to society.
 Globally, World Teachers Day is observed on October 5. It is an
initiative led by organisations such as UNESCO, UNICEF and ILO.

34
 SEPTEMBER 2023

September 7
International Day of Clean Air for Blue Skies

The International Day of Clean Air

for blue skies is commemorated
annually on 7 September in
recognition of the fact that clean
air is important for the health and
day-to-day lives of people.

The fourth annual International Day of Clean Air for blue skies will
focus on the theme, ‘Together for Clean Air’.
The theme aims to highlight the urgent need for stronger partnerships,
increased investment, and shared responsibility for overcoming air
pollution.
It also underscores the direct impact of air pollution on human and
ecosystem health and the shared responsibility to protect the
atmosphere and ensure healthy air for everyone.

35
 SEPTEMBER 2023

September 8
International Literacy Day

 International Literacy Day is celebrated

on September 8 every year to promote
the importance of literacy for dignity
and human rights, and a literate and
sustainable society.
 The day is celebrated by the United
Nations Educational, Scientific and
Cultural Organisation (UNESCO) at the
global, regional, country, and local
levels across the world.
 The theme ‘Promoting literacy for a
world in transition: Building the
foundation for sustainable and peaceful
societies’. Under this theme, Literacy
Day 2023 will be celebrated at the
global, regional, country, and local
levels across the world

36
 SEPTEMBER 2023

September 8
World Physiotherapy Day

 World Physiotherapy Day is observed

annually, on September 8th to
acknowledge the substantial impact
of physical therapy and
physiotherapists in advancing health
and overall well-being.
 Prevention and Management of
Osteoarthritis” is the theme for World
Physiotherapy Day 2023.
 Rheumatoid arthritis and axial
spondylarthritis are two types of
inflammatory arthritis that will be
highlighted on this day.

September 9
International Day to Protect Education from Attack

The International Day to

Protect Education from
Attack is an international
observance established
by the United Nations
General Assembly on
September 9 every year.

37
 SEPTEMBER 2023

It was established in response to the growing number of attacks on

schools and educational institutions around the world. These attacks can
take many forms, including shelling, bombing, and occupation. They can
also include the recruitment and use of children in armed conflict.

September 10
Suicide Prevention Awareness Day

Every year, World Suicide

Prevention Day is
celebrated on September
10. The theme of World
Suicide Prevention Day
2023 is "Creating Hope
Through Action".

September 11
Himalaya Diwas  Himalaya Day or Himalaya
Diwas is celebrated every year
on 9 September with an aim to
preserve the Himalayan
ecosystem and region.
 This year nation celebrates
14th Himalaya Diwas.

38
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 The Himalayas play an important role in saving and maintaining

nature and protecting the country from adverse weather conditions.
National Forest Martyrs Day
 Apart from being rich in biodiversity of flowers and fauna, the
Himalayan range is also responsible for bringing rain to the country.
 Himalaya Day is also an excellent day to raise awareness among the
general public and bring about community participation in
conservation activities.

 National Forest Martyrs Day is observed on September 11 in India.

 This day is a tribute to those who laid down their lives in the line of
duty, defending the forests and wildlife that are important for the
well-being of our planet.
 The Day is an important day to remember the sacrifices made by forest
officers and personnel in protecting our forests and wildlife.
 It is also a day to reaffirm our commitment to conserve these precious
natural resources.

September 14
Hindi Diwas  India, a diverse nation with
a rich tapestry of languages,
celebrates Hindi Diwas on
September 14th each year.
 On September 14, 1949, the
Constituent Assembly of
India recognized Hindi,
written in the Devanagari
script, as an official
language of the nation

39
 SEPTEMBER 2023

September 15

International Day of Democracy

 The International Day of Democracy, celebrated

on September 15th each year, is a global
observance that underscores the importance of
democracy as a fundamental human right.
 The theme for the International Day of
Democracy in 2023 is “Empowering the next
generation.”

September 15

World Lymphoma Awareness Day

World Lymphoma
Awareness Day (WLAD) is an
annual event observed on
September 15th. It is dedicated
to increasing awareness about
lymphoma, a group of blood
cancers that affect the
lymphatic system.

40
 SEPTEMBER 2023

September 16

World Ozone Day

 World Ozone Day, also known as the International Day
for the Preservation of the Ozone Layer, is observed
annually on 16th September.
 The theme for World Ozone Day 2023 is “Montreal
Protocol: Fixing the Ozone Layer and Reducing
Climate Change.” This theme emphasizes the pivotal
role of the Montreal Protocol in not only protecting
the ozone layer but also mitigating climate change.

International Day for Interventional Cardiology

The International Day for

Interventional Cardiology,
celebrated annually on 16
September, is a significant
occasion dedicated to
recognizing the crucial field
of interventional cardiology.

41
 SEPTEMBER 2023

September 17

World Patient Safety Day

 The theme for World Patient

Safety Day 2023 is “Engaging
patients for patient safety.”
 This theme highlights the
vital role that patients, their
families, and caregivers play
in ensuring safe healthcare
practices.

World Patient Safety Day, observed on the 17th of September every

year, serves as a global platform to emphasize the importance of
patient safety in healthcare
September 18 systems worldwide.

World Bamboo Day

 World Bamboo Day, observed annually on

September 18, is a global initiative that
sheds light on the incredible significance
of bamboo.
 This remarkable plant, often referred to
as “green gold,” holds immense potential
in sustainable development, poverty
alleviation, environmental conservation,
and cultural preservation.
 World Bamboo Day owes its existence to
the dedicated efforts of the World
Bamboo Organization (WBO), a non-profit
organization established in 2005 by
Susanne Lucas and David Knights.

42
 SEPTEMBER 2023

September 19
International Red Panda

Every year, on the third Launched by the Red

Saturday in September, the Panda Network in
world comes together to 2010, this annual
celebrate International Red observance has grown
Panda Day, a day dedicated in importance over
to raising awareness about the years, especially
the plight of these in the face of
enchanting creatures. mounting challenges
posed by global
warming and climate
change.

Ganesh Chaturthi
 Ganesh Chaturthi 2023 is
celebrated on September 19,
2023. It is celebrated on the
fourth day (Chaturthi) of the
waxing moon (Shukla Paksha) in
the month of Bhadrapada
according to the Hindu calendar.
 It is believed that the festival
was started by the Maratha king
Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

43
 SEPTEMBER 2023

September 21
International Day of Peace

 Each year on 21 September, the world comes together to observe the

International Day of Peace (IDP).
 This day, established by the United Nations (UN), serves as a reminder of
our commitment to peace.
 The theme for the 2023 International Day of Peace is “Actions for Peace:
Our Ambition for the #Global Goals.”
 This theme underscores our individual and collective responsibility in
fostering peace.

September 21

International Week of the Deaf

Every year, the full week ending on the last Sunday of September is observed as
the International Week of the Deaf (IWD). In 2023, IWD is being observed from
September 18 to 24.

44
 SEPTEMBER 2023

September 22

World Rhino Day

 World Rhino Day, observed annually on September 22nd, is a

global initiative aimed at raising awareness about the critical
plight of the rhinoceros species and advocating for their
protection.
 This special day serves as a platform to highlight the challenges
these magnificent creatures face and the urgent need for
conservation efforts to prevent their extinction.

45
 SEPTEMBER 2023

September 23

International Day of Sign Languages

 The United Nations General Assembly has

designated September 23rd as the
International Day of Sign Languages to raise
awareness about the crucial role sign
language plays in upholding the human
rights.
 The theme for this year is “A World Where
Deaf People Everywhere Can Sign
Anywhere!.”
 This theme underscores the unifying power
of sign languages, emphasizing its
importance for deaf communities,
governments, and civil society
organizations.

September 25

World Rivers Day

 World Rivers Day, observed on the fourth

Sunday in September each year, is a global
celebration that underscores the immense
value of our rivers and aims to raise public
awareness.
 The inception of World Rivers Day in
2005 can be traced back to the United
Nations’ launch of the Water for Life
Decade, spearheaded by Canadian river
advocate Mark Angelo. This day’s roots are
deeply embedded in BC Rivers Day, an event
initiated by Angelo in British Columbia,
Canada, in 1980.

46
 SEPTEMBER 2023

September 25

World Pharmacists Day

 World Pharmacists Day is a globally recognized
event observed every year on September 25th.
 It serves as a dedicated occasion to honor and
appreciate the vital contributions of
pharmacists to the improvement of global
health.

 The theme for World Pharmacists Day in 2023 is

“Pharmacy Strengthening Health Systems.”

September 26
World Environmental Health Day

 Every year on September 26, World Environmental Health Day is celebrated

to highlight the intricate relationship between humans and their
environment.
 This annual observance emphasizes the profound impact of our surroundings
on our well-being and aims to promote healthier and safer communities
worldwide.

47
 SEPTEMBER 2023

September 27
World Rabies Day

 World Rabies Day (WDR), observed every September

28, serves as a global initiative to raise awareness
about rabies, a deadly zoonotic disease that claims the
lives of thousands of people each year.
 Established by the Global Alliance for Rabies Control
(GARC) and recognized by the World Health
Organization (WHO), this day aims to promote efforts
to combat rabies and highlight the importance of
prevention.
 Rabies is a viral disease with a 100% fatality rate if left
untreated.
 It is primarily transmitted to humans through the saliva
of infected animals, most commonly via animal bites.
 What
1. Strayis thedogs and Crime
Organized unvaccinated
and Corruptiondomestic
Reporting dogs are
frequent
Project (OCCRP)? carriers of the rabies virus.
 The symptoms of rabies include headaches, high fever,
A. Aexcessive salivation,
non-profit investigative paralysis,
journalism mental disturbances,
organisation
and confusion, ultimately leading to death in many
B. Acases.
law enforcement agency

48
 SEPTEMBER 2023

KAS MAINS EXCLUSIVE

GS-I

CULTURAL HERITAGE OF KERALA

1) Cultural Heritage of Kerala Art Forms, literature, sculpture,
2) architecture, salient features of society
3) Kerala Tribal culture, Pilgrimage, Tourist places, Folk Culture,
Cinema, Theatre
4) History and evolution of Malayalam language and literature.

Keraleeyam 2023, a captivating week-long celebration

Context: The State Government will organise ‘Keraleeyam 2023,’ a week-long festival
starting on November 1, Keralappiravi day, to highlight the cultural heritage, agro-
industrial progress and other achievements of the State.

49
 SEPTEMBER 2023

About Keraleeyam 2023

 Keraleeyam, the mega event in Kerala executed with enthusiastic public participation,
aims to showcase the Kerala development model on a global stage and highlight the
state’s progress in socio-economic and cultural domains that are essential for its
prosperity and growth.
 Keraleeyam is an annual event aimed at showcasing the world-class features of Kerala
to the global community.
 Each year, Keraleeyam will be organized to commemorate the respective year.
 Discussions on Kerala’s achievements, challenges faced by various sectors and
prospects, exhibitions highlighting its unique resources, cultural heritage, agro-
industrial progress and technological achievements will be held as part of Keraleeyam.
 This program serves as a platform to introduce Kerala’s development models to the
world and to assimilate new ideas from the global academic arena.
Goal
 The goal of Keraleeyam is to shape a new Kerala characterized by excellence, fostering
socio-economic prosperity across the state, promoting sustainable development in all
sectors, and crafting forward-looking development policies.

How will 'Keraleeyam 2023' benefit tourism in Kerala?

 Keraleeyam 2023, aims to promote tourism in Kerala by showcasing its rich cultural
heritage, natural beauty, and unique experiences.
 It will include various events, festivals, and activities that highlight the state's art,
cuisine, music, and dance forms.
 Various programs like trade fair for micro, small, and medium enterprises, a tribal
trade fair introducing products and services from the tribal sector, a women’s trade
fair aimed at promoting women entrepreneurs, and special trade fairs for traditional
and cooperative sectors will be conducted.
 These initiatives aim to showcase Kerala’s rich cultural heritage, classical art forms,
and ethnic art forms to the world.
 This initiative is expected to attract more tourists, boost the local economy, and create
employment opportunities in the tourism sector. So, it's going to benefit tourism in
Kerala

50
 SEPTEMBER 2023

GS-II

INDIAN CONSTITUTION, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION, POLITICAL

SYSTEM, GOVERNANCE, SOCIAL JUSTICE AND INTERNATIONAL
RELATIONS
1) Indian Constitution and its salient features 2) Functions and Responsibilities of the
Union and the States, Parliament and State Legislatures – structure, function, power
and privilages. Issues and challenges pertaining to Federal Structure – Devolution of
Power and Finances upto local levels and challenges therein 3) Constitutional
Authorities – Powers, Functions and Responsibilities 4) Panchayati Raj, Public Policy
and Governance, Impact of L.P.G on Governance
5) Statutory, Regulatory and Quasi judicial bodies 6) Rights Issues (Human rights,
Women rights, SC/ST rights, Child rights, etc.), Important Acts 7) India's Foreign Policy,
International Organisations, International Treaties and Forums, their structure and
mandate 8) Judiciary in India – Structure and functions, important provisions relating
to Emergency and Constitutional amendments, Judicial review, Public Interest
Litigation, Land Revenue Laws 9) Fundamental rights, fundamental duties and
Directive Principles 10) Principles of Administrative Law.

Indian Constitution, Public Administration, Political System

India, Bharat and a host of implications.

Context: Recently the unprecedented use of ‘President of Bharat’ instead of ‘President

of India’ (as seen in an invitation card by the President to the heads of States and
governments and Chief Ministers for an official banquet on the G-20 summit) is on
account of the Narendra Modi government’s concern that ‘INDIA’ may become politically
potent.

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 SEPTEMBER 2023

Historical Aspect
 A brief look at the controversy raised by the Muslim League over the name India in
1947 would be in order.
 The transfer of power from the British to Indian hands in 1947 was through the British
Parliament’s Indian Independence Act of 1947.
 It created two dominions — India and Pakistan — and released the Princely States
from British paramountcy, thereby, technically making them independent and
sovereign.
 At the same time, the British advised the Princely states to join one of the two
dominions. Most did so before August 15, 1947. Thus, two dominions came into being
in what was British India and the Princely states in the sub-continent.
 Pakistani leaders favored that India should be named either Hindustan or Bharat.
 They argued that two ‘successor’ states had emerged from the dissolution of the
British Indian empire:
 Pakistan and Hindustan or Bharat. India’s position was that it was the successor state
to British India, in terms of international law, and that Pakistan had seceded from
India.

 Hence, while India retained its international personality, including its membership of
the United Nations (UN), Pakistan, as a new state created through secession, would
have to take steps to acquire an international personality.
 The matter was finally decided in India’s favor, and Pakistan was compelled to take
steps to establish its international status, including applying for membership of the
UN, which, incidentally, Afghanistan opposed. India retained the name ‘India’ in all
international and multilateral forums.

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 SEPTEMBER 2023

 Thus, the country’s international personality was and continues to be denoted by the
word India. Generally, whenever the English language is used in international,
multilateral, or bilateral settings, the word India is used.
 Thus, in Hindi, Bharat is used while in English it is India.

Under the 58th Amendment

 For an authoritative background of the English and Hindi versions, it is best to turn to
the 58th Amendment of the Constitution done in 1987.
 Its ‘Statement of Objects and Reasons’ mentions that “The Constitution of India was
adopted by the Constituent Assembly in English.
 A Hindi translation of the Constitution, signed by the members of the Constituent
Assembly, was also published in 1950 under the authority of the President of the
Constituent Assembly in accordance with a resolution adopted by that Assembly”.
 The 58th Amendment empowered the President to publish under his authority the
authoritative text ‘in the Hindi language’ of the Constitution which could be used in
the legal process too.
 Thus, the Hindi text of the Constitution published by the government following the
amendment is ‘authoritative’.

Constitutionally the validation

 The English language version of the Constitution is entitled “Constitution of India’ Its
Article 1(1) is “India, that is Bharat,shall be a Union of States”. The primacy in this
formulation is given to the word India.
 The Hindi version is titled ‘Bharat ka Samvidhan’. Article 1(1) in the Hindi version reads
“Bharat artharth India, rajyon ka sangh hoga”. The word “artharth” means “that is”.
 Clearly, in the Hindi version, primacy is given to the word Bharat. The logic of the
formulations has led to the practice of using the word India in the English language
and Bharat in Hindi. That practice has prevailed in internal documents as well as
international documents which are generally in English.
 Thus, the Gazette published in English is called the ‘Gazette of India’, and in Hindi it
is ‘Bharat ka Rajpatra’.

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 SEPTEMBER 2023

Conclusion
 There are historical, ideological, constitutional, and international implications
associated with the words Bharat and India.
 The use of the formulation ‘President of Bharat’ in the G-20 invitation is a giveaway.
 They may also begin to use ‘Bharat’ in the English language in the government’s
internal documents.
 The problem is that they cannot do so internationally unless they officially change
the country’s name to Bharat and drop India.
 By doing so, they may alienate parts of the country which prefer India to Bharat.
 In any event, the tradition of using India in English and Bharat in Hindi is wise and
constitutionally correct.

On the crime of ‘false promise to marry’

Contex: In the recently proposed Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) bill 2023, if a man
promises to marry a woman but never intends to, and still has ‘consensual’ sex with her,
it will amount to a criminal offence under Section 69.

Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS) bill 2023

 Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill 2023 Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita Bill 2023
 The BNS is one of three new draft criminal law Bills brought by the Union
Government.
 IPC, 1860- The Bill, which seeks to replace the Indian Penal Code, 1860, identifies
‘sexual intercourse on false promise of marriage’ as an offence.

Section 69 of IPC
 Chapter 5 of the Bill- It is titled as “Offences against woman and children” and
describes sexual intercourse by employing deceitful means.

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 Section 69 - Whoever, by deceitful means or by making promise to marry to a woman

without any intention of fulfilling the same, and has sexual intercourse with her, shall
be punished with imprisonment of either description for a term which may extend
to 10 years and shall also be liable to fine.
 Deceitful means- It will include false promise of employment or promotion,
inducement or marrying after suppressing identity.
 False promise to marry- It will be attracted only when a man makes a promise to
marry a woman, with the intention of breaking it, for the purpose of getting her
consent and sexually exploiting her.
 Penalty- Both offences will extract a penalty of up to 10 years of imprisonment.

Data on cases of false promise to marry

 Delhi police data-In 2016, a quarter of the total rape cases registered in Delhi
pertained to sex under “false promise of marriage.
 NCRB data- The National Crime Records Bureau in 2016 recorded 10,068 similar
cases of rape by “known persons on a promise to marry the victim.

Causes
 When rape is committed, and the promise of marriage is used to silence the victim or
 Where the promise is made to ‘convince’ the person into entering a sexual
relationship.
 IPC- They were dealt with joint reading of Sections 375 and 90 of the IPC.
 Section 375- It defines rape and defines consent as “an unequivocal voluntary
agreement when the woman by words, gestures or any form of verbal or non-verbal
communication, communicates a willingness to participate in the specific sexual act.”

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 This section lists 7 types of consent which would amount to rape if violated including
the consent taken through fear of death, hurt or intoxication.
 Section 90- Consent, given under “fear of injury” or “misconception of fact,” cannot
be considered as consent.
 Court rulings- In 2021, the Supreme Court reiterated that under Section 375, a
woman’s consent must involve an active and reasoned deliberation towards the
proposed act.
 Karnataka Court has said that educated women in a pre-marital relationship cannot
claim rape after the relationship is over for she is ‘mature’ enough to be aware of the
consequences of being in a premarital relationship.

Difference between false promise of marriage’ vs ‘breach of promise

 Rape- If the promise was false, with the intention of being broken later, this would
disregard a woman’s consent through a misconception of fact and would be
considered rape.
 False promise- The false promise itself must be of immediate relevance, or bear a
direct nexus to the woman’s decision to engage in the sexual act, as argued in Sonu
alias Subhash Kumar vs State of U.P. And Another in 2019.
What are the issues involved in proving ‘intention’ to marry?
Central issue- It involves
 How consent is obtained— through deceitful means, or by misconception
 Whether the man ever intended to marry the woman.
 Codification of offence- Section 69 in the BNS codifies the offence instead of creating
a new one.
 In its present form, the Bill doesn’t dissolve the confused distinction between ‘false
promise’ and ‘breach of promise’.

Affect women autonomy

 Section 69 if unscrutinised may promote restrictive ideas about women, marriage and
consent which hinder women’s autonomy and re-victimise them.

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Victim blaming lens

 Delhi High Court verdict on pre-marital sex shifts the burden to women to prove their
consent is vitiated.

Law as weapon

 The women may use the law as a weapon for vengeance and personal vendetta.

Promotes endogamy

 The law shifts the conversation away from the real harm and abuse that women face.

Caste factor

 Taking the “impossibility of an inter-caste marriage” as a ground to acquit the accused

of rape in fact amounts to upholding the archaic practice of marrying within one’s own
caste.

one nation, one election

Context: In recent weeks, there has been increasing discussion about the possibility of
having national and State elections at the same time, popularly known as ‘one nation, one
election.In this context it is important to discuss the pros and cons of the “one nation,
one election.

What are Simultaneous Elections?

 Simultaneous elections, also known as synchronized elections or one-nation-one-

election, refer to the practice of holding multiple elections for various levels of
government (such as national, state, and local elections) at the same time or on a
synchronized schedule.
 This would mean that the voters will cast their vote for electing members of the LS
and the state assemblies on a single day, at the same time (or in a phased manner as
the case may be)

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History of Simultaneous Elections in India

 The concept of simultaneous elections is not new to the country.
 Post adoption of the Constitution of India, the First General Elections to the Lok Sabha
(House of the People) and all State Legislative Assemblies were held simultaneously
in 1951-52.
 This practice continued in three subsequent General Elections held in the years 1957,
1962 and 1967.
 However, due to premature dissolution of some State Legislative Assemblies in 1968
and 1969, the cycle of synchronized elections got disrupted.
 In 1970, the Lok Sabha itself was dissolved prematurely and fresh elections were held
in 1971

Arguments in favour of simultaneous elections are:

Cost Reduction:
 Holding elections at different times can be expensive for the government and political
parties.
 Simultaneous elections are seen to reduce the overall cost of conducting elections
and election campaigns.
Reducing Permanent Campaign Mode:
 Frequent elections at different levels keep political parties in a state of “permanent
campaign mode.
 Simultaneous elections could potentially free up political parties to focus on
governance and constructive opposition for a longer, uninterrupted period of five years

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Arguments against simultaneous elections

Undermining Democratic Plurality:
 Simultaneous elections may reduce the diversity of political voices and choices
available to voters.
 Simultaneous elections could overshadow state-specific concerns with national
issues.

Concentration of Power:
 Simultaneous elections could potentially strengthen the central government’s power
at the expense of state governments, which could undermine the principles of
federalism and balance of power.

Incompatibility with Parliamentary Democracy:

 Simultaneous elections might create a problem when a government falls, as it would
disrupt the fixed election schedule.

Proposed Solutions and Their Drawbacks:

Imposing President’s Rule:

 Imposing central rule in a state where the government falls until the fixed five-year
cycle is completed.
 However, this would undermine federalism and democracy.

Shortening the Term of the New Assembly:

 Another proposed solution is to hold elections in the state, but the term of the new
assembly would only last until the next cycle.
 However, this would undermine the justifications for simultaneous elections (cost
savings and reduced campaigning time).

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Consequences of holding Simultaneous Elections:

1. Possibility of Increased “Horse-Trading”:
 “Horse-trading,” which refers to the unethical practice of buying or trading lawmakers
to secure their support.
 Simultaneous elections are likely to see an explosion of horse-trading, where the
political parties with the biggest pockets will be the biggest beneficiaries.
 Attempts to prevent such practices, as outlined in the Tenth Schedule of the Indian
Constitution, have not been entirely successful.

2. Federalism Concerns:
 Federalism in India refers to the division of powers and responsibilities between the
central government and state governments, recognizing the diversity of linguistic,
cultural, ethnic, and other collective aspirations within the country.
 Fderal structure of the Indian Constitution is essential for checking the concentration
of power.
 Simultaneous elections could blur the distinction between the national and state
levels of democracy, potentially overshadowing state-level issues with national ones.

Way Forward
 Conducting election in two phases as suggested by Parliamentary Standing Committee.
 Premature dissolution of Loksabha can be avoided. If it is dissolved, then
1) President rule can be applied if the remaining period is not long.
2) Fresh elections can be conducted if the remaining period is long.
3) The term of the House in such case should be for the rest of what would have been
the original term.
 NITI Ayog model for simultaneous electionscan be implemented.

Editors Guild of India has right to free speech, says CJI

Context: Chief Justice of India D.Y. Chandrachud said the Editors Guild of India (EGI) may
be right or wrong in its report about “partisan media coverage” of the Manipur violence,
but it has a right to free speech to put forth its views in print.

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EGI and IPC

 EGI visited the Manipur post violence for “objective assessment” of the “unethical and
ex parte reporting” and published a report on Manipur violence, against which several
FIRs were filed against the President and senior journalists of EGI on the pretext that
it violates the section 153A and section 200 of the IPC.
 Section 153A of the Indian Penal Code: promoting enmity between different groups.
 Section 200 IPC: giving false declaration to a court.
 Section 298: deliberate intent to wound religious feelings
 SC said: Media briefings, editorials and reports may go wrong, it is a part of free speech.

The constitutional bearing of Freedom of Expression:

 Article 19 (a) of the Indian constitution guarantees to every citizen of India the Freedom
of speech and expression.
 It is a fundamental Right of the Indian Constitution.

Freedom of the press:

 Freedom of press is not specifically mentioned in article 19(1) (a) of the Constitution
and what is mentioned there is only freedom of speech and expression.
 In the Constituent Assembly Debates it was made clear by Dr. Ambedkar,
Chairman of the Drafting Committee, that no special mention of the freedom of
press was necessary at all as the press and an individual or a citizen were the
same as far as their right of expression was concerned.

Press Freedom Index & India’s performance:

 In the 2022 edition of the Press Freedom Index which is published by Reporters
Without Borders, India ranked at the 150th position, eight positions lower than last
year.

Editors Guild of India (EGI):

 Founded in 1978 with the twin objectives of protecting press freedom and for raising
the standards of editorial leadership of newspapers and magazines.

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 The Editors Guild took up the issues of abuse of press freedom with the Parliament
and Executive, and campaigned hard for restoring the press freedom and other
freedoms which had been taken away by amendments to the Constitution, executive
orders and judicial pronouncements.
 The freedom to report proceedings of Parliament (Feroze Gandhi Act) which was taken
away in 1976 was restored.

National Federation of Indian Women (NFIW):

 NFIW is a women’s organisation in India, the women’s wing of the Communist Party of
India.
 It was established on 1954 June 4 by several leaders from Mahila Atma Raksha Samiti
including Aruna Asaf Ali.
 Annie Raja is the current General Secretary and Aruna Roy is the current president of
NFIW.
 It is associated with the Women’s International Democratic Federation (WIDF) (an
international organization with the stated goal of working for women’s rights
established in 1945).
 HQ: Delhi

Governance, Social Justice

The Bharatiya Nayay Sanhita needs a relook

Context: Recently, the Central government introduced a few new offenses in the to deal
sternly with terrorism-related crimes and organized crimes. It is feared that some terms
in the Bill may be challenged as they are vague.

Proposed Key Changes

Sedition:
 The IPC currently defines sedition under Section 124A as an act that involves
promoting hatred, contempt, or disaffection towards the government, with penalties
ranging from three-year imprisonment to life imprisonment, along with fine.

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 The proposed BNS Bill seeks to eliminate this specific offence and introduces the
following punishable acts under Section 150:
 Inciting or attempting to incite secession, armed rebellion, or subversive activities.
 Promoting sentiments of separatist activities.
 Jeopardizing the sovereignty and unity of India.

Terrorist Act:
 The Terrorist Act was not a part of the IPC rather it was incorporated under the
Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act, 1967.
 The Bill provides terrorism as an act intended to jeopardize the nation's unity,
integrity, and security, as well as to instill fear among the public or disrupt public
order.
 It includes:
 Using firearms, bombs, or hazardous substances (biological or chemical) to cause
death, danger to life, or spread a message of fear.
 Destroying property or disrupting essential services.
 Activities listed in the Second Schedule of the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act,
1967, such as unlawful seizure of aircraft or taking of hostages.

Organized Crimes:

Introduced by the proposed BNS bill, it provides for:

 An ongoing illegal activity, including but not limited to kidnapping, extortion, contract
killings, land seizures, financial fraud, and cybercrimes.
 It was conducted through the use of violence, intimidation, or other unlawful
methods.
 With the aim of gaining material or financial advantages.
 Carried out by individuals, whether acting independently or collectively, as members
of or on behalf of a criminal syndicate.

Petty Organized Crimes:

 The offence has been introduced by the BNS bill.

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 Petty organized crimes are defined as those activities perpetrated by organized

criminal groups or gangs, such as coordinated pickpocketing, snatch-and-grab theft,
and similar offences, which generate a sense of insecurity among the public.

Murder by a Group of Persons on Grounds of Caste or Race:

 The Bill introduces distinct penalties for murder cases where five or more individuals
are involved, motivated by factors such as race, caste, gender, place of birth,
language, or personal beliefs.

Sexual Intercourse by Deceitful Means:

 The Bill introduces the offence and imposes penalties for engaging in sexual
intercourse with a woman, under deceitful circumstances or by making a false
promise of marriage with no intention to fulfill that promise, provided that it does
not constitute rape.

Points for Reconsideration in BNS Bill

The BNS needs a relook at certain provisions and few of which are enlisted below:
 The definition of a 'terrorist act' in the Sanhita has largely been borrowed from the
Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA) 1967. The phrase 'to strike terror in the
people' has been substituted with 'to intimidate the general public,' which though less
intense does not alter the core of the section.
 The phrase 'such as to destroy the political, economic, or social structure of the
country' remains vague and needs re-evaluation.

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 A different offence has been introduced, in place of sedition namely acts that endanger
the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.
 A new offence of organized crimes has been added to BNS which has been largely
borrowed from Maharashtra Control of Organized Crime Act, 1999. Inclusion of
‘cyber­crimes having severe consequences under this head seems vague, also what will
constitute an organized crime or gang is not specified.
 Snatching, which has been made a separate offence though punished equivalently to
theft, has been made a non-cognizable offence.
 A non–cognizable offence is an offense for which the police have no authority to arrest
without a warrant.
 Gravity of the offence of murder based on factors such as caste, community, race etc.
has been diluted as the minimum punishment attached to it is a minimum of 7 years
whereas under the IPC the offence of murder attracts a minimum punishment of Life
Imprisonment.
 At the same time punishment attached to Fatal accident where the accused runs
away or does not report the crime is 10 years.
Conclusion
As Sanhita will have a far-reaching impact on the criminal justice system, it needs
further deliberations. The Parliamentary Standing Committee must ensure that
inconsistencies are checked, vague expressions are removed, appropriate explanations
added, and drafting errors eliminated.

Women's Reservation Bill [The Constitution (108th Amendment)

Bill, 2008]

Context: In a historic move, Parliament passed the Constitution (One Hundred and Twenty
Eighth Amendment) Bill, commonly referred to as the women’s reservation Bill, which
provides 33% reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.

Key features of the Bill

 The Constitution (One Hundred and Eighth Amendment) Bill, 2008 seeks to reserve
one-third of all seats for women in the Lok Sabha and the state legislative assemblies.

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 The allocation of reserved seats shall be determined by such authority as prescribed

by Parliament.
 One third of the total number of seats reserved for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled
Tribes shall be reserved for women of those groups in the Lok Sabha and the legislative
assemblies.
 Reserved seats may be allotted by rotation to different constituencies in the state or
union territory.
 Reservation of seats for women shall cease to exist 15 years after the commencement
of this Amendment Act.

Significance of the bill

The Women's Reservation Bill holds immense significance for several compelling
reasons:

Promoting Gender Equality:

 Achieving gender parity in political representation is a cornerstone of a thriving
democracy.
 Reserving one-third of seats for women would be a significant step towards realizing
gender equality in Indian politics.

Overcoming Structural Norms:

 Structural norms and deep-rooted societal prejudices have historically hindered
women's full participation in politics.
 The Women's Reservation Bill offers a means to break down these barriers by
providing women with more opportunities to contest and win elections.

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Encouraging Political Parties:

 Political parties play a pivotal role in fostering gender equality in politics.
 The bill would incentivize parties to allocate more tickets to women candidates, offer
financial support for their campaigns, and provide mentorship and training.

Learning from Global Examples:

 Other countries, such as Rwanda, Cuba, and New Zealand, have successfully boosted
women's representation in politics through gender mainstreaming processes.
 India can draw valuable lessons from these international experiences.

Key Issues and Analysis

 Some recent studies on panchayats have shown the positive effect of reservation on
empowerment of women and on allocation of resources.
 Opponents argue that it would perpetuate the unequal status of women since they
would not be perceived to be competing on merit.
 They also contend that this policy diverts attention from the larger issues of electoral
reform such as criminalisation of politics and inner party democracy.
 Reservation of seats in Parliament restricts choice of voters to women candidates.
Therefore, some experts have suggested alternate methods such as reservation in
political parties and dual member constituencies.
 Rotation of reserved constituencies in every election may reduce the incentive for an
MP to work for his constituency as he may be ineligible to seek re-election from that
constituency.
 The report examining the 1996 women’s reservation Bill recommended that reservation
be provided for women of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) once the Constitution was
amended to allow for reservation for OBCs.
 It also recommended that reservation be extended to the Rajya Sabha and the
Legislative Councils. Neither of these recommendations has been incorporated in the
Bill.

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Share of Women Members in Lok Sabha

 The share of women parliamentarians has never exceeded the 15% mark in over 70
years of India's electoral history.
 When considered as a share of total candidates who participated in the 2019 general
election, the share is even lower at 9%. The share of women candidates has never
exceeded the 9% mark ever.

Share of Women in State Legislative Assemblies

 In the case of the sitting State Legislative Assemblies, the share of women MLAs is
far lower with just one state Tripura touching the 15% mark.
 Several state assemblies have less than 10% women representation, including Andhra
Pradesh, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Goa, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Karnataka,
Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Manipur, Meghalaya, Odisha, Sikkim, Tamil
Nadu, Telangana, Tripura and Puducherry.
 According to the government data of December 2022, Bihar, Haryana, Punjab,
Rajasthan, Uttrakhand, Uttar Pradesh and Delhi had 10-12% women MLAs.
 Chattisgarh, West Bengal and Jharkhand led the charts with 14.44%, 13.7% and 12.35%
women MLAs, respectively.
 In the 2023 election, Nagaland got its first two women MLAs.

Way Forward
 With its massive women population, India has a huge reservoir of potential which, if
unleashed, will take the country much ahead.
 Women’s reservation will jump-start the democratic process, allowing significant
majority to have a say in how their lives must be governed.

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Mediation Act 2023: A Clear Message to Industry on Dispute

Resolution

Context: In the recent monsoon session of Parliament, both Houses passed The
Mediation Bill, 2023, and upon receiving the assent of the President of India, is referred
to as the Mediation Act, 2023 (“the Act”).

About the Mediation Act

 The Mediation Act encourages the process of mediation by institutionalizing mediation
centres and registering mediators for resolving commercial disputes.
 India had 464 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) centres (397 functional), 570
mediation centres, and 16,565 mediators.
 About 53,000 cases were settled through mediation in 2021-22. (National Legal
Services Authority)

About Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR):

 Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) refers to the mechanisms that enable disputing
parties to resolve their differences, without the intervention of courts.
 It is significant in India considering delays in Indian court proceedings and high cost
of litigation.
 In India, modes of ADR include arbitration, negotiation, mediation, and Lok Adalats.
 Mediation is a voluntary process (not obligatory) in which parties try to settle disputes
with the assistance of an independent third person (the mediator).
 They are largely focussed on arbitration or conciliation of disputes under the
Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 (A&C Act).

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The Mediation Act, 2023:

 The Mediation Act aims to promote and facilitate the process of mediation between
the parties in commercial disputes to encourage ADR.
 It will encourage parties to take steps to resolve their dispute through pre-litigation
mediation before approaching a court.
 It seeks to codify, institutionalise and promote mediation, by establishing the
Mediation Council of India, recognising mediation service providers, and registration
of mediators.
 It bridges mediation and arbitration of commercial disputes, thus reducing the burden
on the courts.
 Courts and relevant institutions also maintain a panel of mediators.
 For dispute settlement, India encourages courts to refer the disputing parties to ADR
procedures.
 It will not completely remove the role of courts. In exceptional cases, a party may
reach a court before the commencement or during the continuation of mediation.

What is Mediation?
 Mediation is the effort between conflicting parties to solve their differences and make
compromises to resolve business disputes.
 It is a confidential process and must be completed within 180 days.
 It may be extended by 180 days by the parties.

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 A party may withdraw from mediation after two sessions.

 Court-annexed mediation must be conducted as per the rules framed by the Supreme
Court or High Courts.
 It will require the mediation to be conducted by a neutral and expert mediator.
 The mediator puts forth workable solutions that can be agreeable to both parties.

Mediation in India may be:

 Court referred (Under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908),
 Private (Under a contract having a mediation clause), or
 Under a specific statute (such as the Commercial Courts Act, 2015, the Consumer
Protection Act, 2019, or the Companies Act, 2013)

Benefits of Mediation:
 Reduce the filing of non-serious claims before courts.
 Mitigate the risk of deterioration of the parties’ relationship due to a publicly fought
dispute.
 Flexible and confidential process.
 Faster and cost-effective.
 Lesser burden of cases on courts.
 Encourages the parties to focus more on their commercial dealings than
their disputes.

What is arbitration?

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 Arbitration is an alternate method of litigation for settling disputes without either

party going to court.
 It involves a neutral third party who receives evidence, hears the arguments, and
passes an order known as an award.
 The award is final, impartial, and has to be enforced under the Code of Civil Procedure,
1908.
 In India, arbitration is backed by the Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 which was
amended by the Arbitration and Conciliation (Amendment) Act, 2015.
 The Act mandates arbitration proceedings to be completed within twelve months and
can be extended further by six months.

Mediation and Arbitration:

Similarities:
 These are two different methods of dispute settlement that are broadly placed under
alternate dispute resolution (ADR) methods.
 Both involve out-of-court settlements to avoid unnecessary litigation and receive
quick settlement.

Differences:
 Mediation is when a neutral third party aims to assist the parties in arriving at a
mutually agreeable solution whereas arbitration is like litigation outside the court and
which results in an award like an order.
 Mediation is not binding on the parties whereas arbitration is.
 Mediation is more collaborative, and arbitration is more adversarial.
 The mediation process is more informal than arbitration.
 The outcome in mediation is controlled by the parties whereas in arbitration it is
controlled by the arbitrator.
 In mediation, the dispute may or may not be resolved whereas in arbitration it is
always settled in either party’s favour.

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About Mediation Council of India:

 It will register mediators, provide effective mediation, and recognise mediation service
providers and institutes.
 It is a neutral third party.
 It makes the process a time-bound mechanism which saves time and money of
parties.

About Mediation Service Providers:

 They are synonymous with arbitration institutions.
 They provide the services, facilities, secretarial assistance, and infrastructure for the
efficient conduct of mediation under the A&C Act.

Conclusion:
 The Mediation Act is a welcome step towards transforming the landscape of dispute
resolution by effective and efficient ways to resolve conflicts voluntarily and without
any form of adjudication.
 It can foster a culture of ADR in India.

India’s Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI)

Context: Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) is more than a tech buzzword; it’s a
transformative concept that India has championed on the global stage, notably in G20
deliberations.

About Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI):

 Digital public infrastructure (DPI) refers to blocks or platforms such as digital
identification, payment infrastructure, and data exchange solutions that help countries
deliver essential services to their people, empowering citizens and improving lives by
enabling digital inclusion.

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India and Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI):

 India, through India Stack, became the first country to develop all three foundational
DPIs through JAM Trinity Initiative (JAM stands for Jan Dhan Yojana Aadhaar and Mobile
number).
 Jan-Dhan Accounts ensure access to various financial services like availability of basic
savings bank accounts, access to need based credit, remittances facility, insurance
and penaneed-basedccountssion to the excluded sections i.e., weaker sections & low-
income groups.

 Real-time fast payment:

 India ranks 1 for Real-time payments globally, with 5 Bn payment transactions in
2022 (76.8% YoY growth (2021-2022)).

 Digital identity (Aadhar):

 Till date, 1.3+ Bn Aadhaar cards have been issued and 15 Bn Aadhaar based E-KYC
verification has been done.
 A platform to safely share personal data without compromising privacy: BHIM-UPI
has emerged as the preferred payment method among users.
 UPI has set a record of processing over 9 Bn transactions (worth $ 179 Bn) in May
2023.
 UPI accounts for 75% of the total retail digital payments in India.

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Significance of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI):

Efficiency:
 DPI can improve the efficiency and transparency of public service delivery, such as
health, education, social protection, and governance.
 Aadhaar system provides a unique digital identity to over 1.4 billion Indians, enabling
them to access various government schemes and subsidies.

Empowerment:
 DPI can enable digital inclusion and empowerment of citizens, especially the poor and
marginalized, by providing them access to information, opportunities, and rights.
 UPI allows instant and low-cost digital transactions for millions of users, facilitating
financial inclusion and digital literacy.

Enhanced service delivery:

 Inclusive DPIs improve the delivery of public services such as healthcare, education,
and governance.
 Through digital channels, government agencies can reach citizens more efficiently,
reducing bureaucracy and ensuring better service outcomes.

Innovation:
 DPI can foster innovation and collaboration across sectors and countries, by creating
a common platform for data exchange, interoperability, and reuse.
 Account Aggregator framework enables consent-based data sharing among financial
service providers, enhancing consumer choice and convenience .

SDGs:
 DPI can support the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals, by addressing
urgent challenges such as poverty reduction, climate resilience, and digital
transformation.
 National Digital Health Mission aims to create a digital health ecosystem that can
improve access, affordability, and quality of health care for all Indians .

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 It will help in achieving the goals of SDG-03e Ensure healthy lives and promote well-
being for all at all ages.

Challenges faced in Development of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI):

Lack of access to infrastructure:
 In many regions, especially rural and remote areas, there is inadequate or no access
to reliable internet connectivity and digital infrastructure.
 Limited access to electricity and the absence of necessary digital hardware like
computers and smartphones further exacerbate the problem.

Digital divide:
 India faces a significant digital divide between urban and rural areas.
 While urban centers generally have better access to digital infrastructure and
services, rural regions often lack reliable internet connectivity and face technological
disparities.

Cyber-Attack:
 DPI is vulnerable to cyber-attacks and data breaches that compromise sensitive data
and transactions.
 Between June, 2018 and March, 2022, India’s banks recorded 248 successful data
breaches by hackers and criminals.
 Out of which 41 cases from public sector banks, 205 were from private sector banks,
and two from overseas banks.

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Regulatory Void:
 DPI requires a robust legal and regulatory framework that can balance the interests
of various stakeholders, protect the privacy and security of data, and ensure
accountability and compliance.
 Personal Data Protection Bill is still pending in the Parliament, creating uncertainty
and ambiguity for data users and providers .

Funding:
 DPI requires continuous investment and innovation that can keep pace with the
changing needs and expectations of the users, address the gaps and challenges in
the existing infrastructure, and leverage the emerging technologies and
opportunities.
 BharatNet project aims to provide broadband connectivity to all rural areas in India,
but it has faced delays, cost overruns, and quality issues .

Digital Inequality:
 India has a digital divide where many lack access to digital infrastructure such as
smartphones and internet connectivity, particularly in rural areas.

Infrastructure:
 One of the biggest challenges is the lack of proper infrastructure, including internet
connectivity, electricity, and hardware.

Way Forward:
 Digital Public Infrastructure is a critical component of modern governance, and India
has made significant progress in this regard. However, addressing challenges and
staying ahead of technological advancements are key to its continued success in
providing accessible and efficient digital services to its citizens.

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International Relations

‘ASEAN CENTRAL PILLAR OF INDIA’S ACT EAST POLICY’

Context: Recently, Prime Minister Narendra Modi attended the ASEAN Summit in Jakarta
and described the summit as the central pillar of India’s Act East policy.

What is India’s Act East Policy?

 The Act East Policy was launched in 2014 at the East Asia Summit as an upgrade of
the previous Look East Policy.
 It focuses on economic and security integration and widens its scope to East Asia and
South-East Asia.
 The Look East Policy aimed at economic integration and was restricted to Southeast
Asia alone.

Objectives of India’s Act East Policy

 Develop closer cultural ties, strategic relationships, and economic integration with the
countries in the Asia-Pacific region through continuous engagement at bilateral,
regional, and multilateral levels and improved connectivity with the Northeast region
of India.
 Increase interaction between states of North-East India and neighboring countries.

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 Develop alternatives to traditional business partners like the Southeast Asian and
Pacific countries.
 Curb China’s increasing influence in the region.
 It mainly focuses on 4C’s:
 Culture
 Commerce
 Connectivity
 Capacity building

ASEAN
 ASEAN or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations is a regional association of
countries
 It was established to promote social and political stability in the Asia-Pacific region.

Formation:
 It was established in 1967 under the Bangkok Declaration which was signed by
Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore.

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Members
Brunei Darussalam, Burma, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Philippines,
Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam

Secretariat:
 Jakarta, Indonesia

Fundamental principles:
 Mutual respect for the independence, sovereignty, equality, territorial integrity,
and national identity of all nations.
 The right of a state to be free from external interference, subversion, or
coercion.
 Non-interference in the internal affairs of other members.
 Peaceful settlement of disputes
 Renounce the threat or use of force.
 Cooperation among members.

ASEAN Forums

ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF):

 It was launched in 1993 to facilitate cooperation on political and security issues
to contribute to regional confidence-building and preventive diplomacy.

ASEAN Plus Three:

 It is a consultative group of the ten ASEAN states, China, Japan, and South Korea
that was launched in 1997.

East Asia Summit (EAS):

 It is a summit for heads of state from ASEAN, Australia, China, India, Japan, New
Zealand, Russia, South Korea, and the United States that discusses security and
prosperity in the region with ASEAN playing a central role.

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ASEAN Defence Ministers Meeting (ADMM)-Plus Meeting:

 The ADMM-Plus is a platform for ASEAN and its eight Dialogue Partners to
strengthen security and defense cooperation for peace, stability, and
development in the region.

Dialogue partners:
Australia, China, India, Japan, New Zealand, ROK, Russian Federation, and the
United States.

India-ASEAN relationship
 The India-ASEAN relationship is a critical component of India’s foreign policy and the
basis of its Act East Policy.
 India became Dialogue Partner in 1995.
 India began participating in ASEAN Summits in 2002 and became a Strategic Partner
in 2012.

Strategic Significance
 The ASEAN is at the center of India’s Indo-Pacific vision of Security and Growth for
All in the Region (SAGAR).
 The ASEAN-India Centre (AIC) has been established to undertake policy research,
advocacy, and networking activities with organizations and think tanks in India and
ASEAN.

Economic Cooperation
 ASEAN is India's fourth largest trading partner with total trade amounting to $110.4
billion in 2021-22.
 India's exports to ASEAN account for 11.28% of the country’s total exports.
 The ASEAN India-Business Council (AIBC) was launched in 2003 to integrate key private
sector players from India and the ASEAN countries on a single platform.

Socio-Cultural Cooperation
 India’s cultural and trade ties with Southeast Asia can be traced to 2,000 years ago.

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 India and ASEAN have been hosting programmes to promote people-to-people

interactions in the form of student exchanges, exchange of Parliamentarians, and
training of diplomats, etc.

Infrastructure
 India is looking to develop regional connectivity with ASEAN countries through
initiatives such as the India-Myanmar-Thailand (IMT) Trilateral Highway, the Kaladan
Multimodal Transit Transport Project, etc.

Defense and Security

 India-ASEAN defense cooperation has been strengthened through joint military
exercises like the ASEAN-India Maritime Exercise.

Other initiatives
 Delhi Declaration: The India-ASEAN strategic partnership has identified the maritime
domain, terrorism, economy, and tourism as a key area of cooperation.
 It was released following the India-ASEAN Commemorative Summit in 2018.

How ASEAN is significant to India?

 ASEAN’s global influence can help build consensus for multilateral reforms backed
by India.
 India will benefit from the introduction of ASEAN’s agricultural and industrial
products, while ASEAN relies on India’s demographic dividend.
 Northeast India-centred economic connectivity with ASEAN will contribute towards
economic growth of North-East region
 Strengthened trade ties between India and ASEAN would help act as a counterweight
to China’s presence and influence in the region.
 ASEAN is a major destination for India’s service sectors and a vital source of foreign
investments.
 It will help to tackle the insurgency problem faced in the Northeast
 Presence of Indian Diaspora in ASEAN countries will strengthen cultural ties and
people to people relations

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The implications of the expansion of BRICS

Context: The 15th BRICS summit held in Johannesburg recently made headlines with its
announcement to expand its membership.
Expanding BRICS: A New Global Landscape
 The expansion of BRICS to include Iran, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE),
Egypt, Ethiopia, and Argentina
 It was reported that 40 countries have shown interest in BRICS’ membership, with 22
having submitted formal applications.
 BRICS has been a platform for emerging economies to voice their dissatisfaction with
Western-dominated global institutions like the World Bank, IMF, and UN.
 At the Johannesburg summit, the UN Secretary General labeled these institutions of
yesterday’s world, reflecting the need for change.
 With the inclusion of new members, BRICS now represents 46% of the world’s
population and 37% of the global GDP in PPP terms, surpassing the G-7.
 This expansion also greatly impacts the energy sector, with the BRICS now accounting
for 42% of global oil production.
Significance of BRICS Expansion
 Economic Clout: The BRICS’ share of global GDP in PPP terms rises from 31.5% to 37%,
surpassing the G-7. This expansion creates a formidable economic bloc with the
potential to shape global economic policies and trade dynamics.
 Demographic Powerhouse: The BRICS now represent 46% of the world’s population,
giving them significant demographic weight. This diverse population can influence
global consumer markets and labor forces.
 Energy Dominance: The inclusion of new members from energy-rich regions,
especially West Asia, boosts BRICS’ role in global energy markets. It solidifies BRICS
as a major player in shaping global energy policies.
 Geo-Strategic Influence: West Asian members already have strong ties with BRICS
countries, contributing to the group’s geo-strategic significance. Egypt and Ethiopia
hold key positions in the Horn of Africa and the Red Sea region, adding to BRICS’
strategic reach.

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 Shared Political Views: BRICS members have historically shared political views on
global issues. The new members’ alignment with these views strengthens BRICS’
collective stance on the United Nations, Middle East conflicts, and global terrorism.
 Multipolar Advocacy: BRICS challenges the Western-dominated international order.
The expansion reaffirms BRICS’ commitment to advocating for a multipolar world
order and reforming global institutions.
 Cooperative Opportunities: The inclusion of new members opens avenues for
increased cooperation in areas such as trade, investment, infrastructure, and
technology transfer. This expansion promotes South-South collaboration.
 Global Balance Shift: BRICS’ expansion further shifts the global balance of power away
from Western-dominated institutions. It elevates the influence of emerging economies
in shaping global policies.

BRICS’ Substantial Achievements

 Consistent Declarations: BRICS leaders have met for over 15 years, consistently
overcoming internal divisions and competitions to issue consensual “Declarations” at
each summit. These declarations have expanded in content, reflecting the group’s
evolving priorities and interests.
 Focus on Specific Deliverables: The declarations have increasingly focused on specific
deliverables, indicating BRICS’ commitment to achieving tangible outcomes. This shift
from broad rhetoric to concrete action is a substantial achievement.
 Intra-BRICS Cooperation: The Johannesburg Declaration emphasizes the importance
of intra-BRICS cooperation. Member countries are committed to encouraging the use
of local currencies in internal trade and financial transactions, promoting economic
integration within the group.
 Outreach to Developing Nations: BRICS recognizes its role in supporting other
developing nations. The group aims to extend its cooperation beyond its borders,
reaching out to other countries that share similar development challenges.
 Shared Political Views: BRICS members have a history of sharing common political
views on various global issues. This shared perspective strengthens their collective
voice on matters such as the centrality of the United Nations, conflicts in the Middle
East, and global terrorism.

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 Promoting Multipolarity: BRICS challenges the Western-dominated international order

by advocating for a multipolar world. This advocacy represents a substantial
achievement in pushing for reforms and greater representation for emerging
economies in global institutions.

Criticisms directed at the BRICS

 Talk-Shop with No Vision: Some Western commentators have criticized BRICS as being
a talk-shop with no clear shared vision or meaningful achievements. This criticism
suggests that BRICS meetings and declarations may lack substance and practical
outcomes.
 Lack of Shared Vision: Critics argue that BRICS members have not demonstrated a
cohesive or unified vision for the group’s role in global affairs. This criticism implies
that the members may have divergent interests that hinder effective cooperation.
 Limited Achievements: Some critics have suggested that BRICS has not achieved
significant or tangible results in its over 15 years of existence. This criticism questions
the group’s ability to translate its discussions into meaningful actions or outcomes.
 Emerging Global Binary Divide: While not explicitly mentioned in the article, there is
an implied criticism that BRICS may contribute to an emerging global binary divide or
a new cold war between Western and non-Western nations. This view suggests that
BRICS could exacerbate global divisions rather than promote cooperation.

ANALYSING WHERE INDIA STANDS IN THE G20

Context: India hosted the 18th G20 Summit in New Delhi, focusing on the theme ‘One
Earth, One Family, One Future.’ Food security, climate change, energy, development,
healthcare, and digitalisation were deliberated upon at the global forum, formed to
discuss economic and financial matters. This analysis evaluates India’s performance in
recent decades across various socioeconomic metrics in comparison to its fellow G20
members.

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Key idea
 India’s performance across various socioeconomic metrics within the G20 context
reveals a mixed picture of progress and challenges.

India’s performance in recent decades across various socioeconomic metrics in

comparison to its fellow G20 members

GDP per capita comparison (1970–2022)

 1970: India’s GDP per capita was $111.97, ranking 18th out of 19 regions analyzed. India
had one of the lowest GDP per capita figures among the group.
 2022: By 2022, India’s GDP per capita had risen significantly to $2,388.62. However,
despite this growth, India had moved to the last position among the 19 regions,
indicating that other regions had experienced more substantial economic growth
during this period.

Human Development Index (HDI) comparison (1990–2021)

 1990: In 1990, India’s HDI stood at 0.43, indicating a relatively low level of human
development. At that time, India ranked towards the lower end of the list among the
19 countries and regions analyzed.

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 2021: By 2021, India’s HDI had improved to 0.63, signifying significant progress in terms
of human development over the decades. However, despite this improvement, India
still ranked at the bottom of the list among the 19 regions, highlighting the need for
further advancements in various aspects of human development, including life
expectancy, education, and living standards.

Health Metrics Comparison

Life Expectancy (1990-2021):

 In 1990, India had an average life expectancy of 45.22 years.

 China, at the same time, had a lower average life expectancy of 33.27 years.
 By 2021, India’s life expectancy had increased to 67.24 years.
 Despite this improvement, India’s ranking remained the same, and China surpassed
India in terms of life expectancy.

Infant Mortality Rate (1990-2021):

 In 1990, India had an infant mortality rate of 88.8 per 1,000 live births, ranking it at
the bottom of the 20 regions analyzed.
 By 2021, India’s infant mortality rate had improved to 25.5 per 1,000 live births.
 India’s ranking improved to 19th place, just ahead of South Africa (26.4), but it still
lags behind many other regions in terms of infant mortality.

Labor Force Participation Rate (LFPR) Comparison (1990-2021-22)

1990:
 In 1990, India’s LFPR for individuals above 15 years of age was 54.2%.
 This LFPR ranking placed India at the 18th position among the 20 regions
analyzed.
 India was ahead of Italy (49.7%) and Saudi Arabia (53.3%) in LFPR.

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2021-22:
 By 2021-22, India’s LFPR had decreased to 49.5%.
 This decline resulted in a slip in India’s ranking to 19th place.
 India was now only ahead of Italy (49.4%) among the 20 regions in terms of
LFPR.

Women’s Representation in Parliament (1998-2022)

1998:
 In 1998, women constituted 8.1% of the Indian Parliament.
 At that time, India ranked 15th out of the 19 regions analyzed in terms of
women’s representation in Parliament.
 While there were women in leadership positions, India’s representation was
relatively low compared to some other regions.
2022:
 By 2022, women’s representation in the Indian Parliament had nearly doubled to
14.9%.
 However, despite this increase, India’s ranking had slipped to the 18th position
among the 19 regions.
 India was just ahead of Japan (9.9%) in terms of women’s representation in
Parliament.

Environmental Progress
Carbon Emissions (1990 and 2020):
 In 1990, India was the lowest emitter of CO2 among the 20 regions analyzed.
 This demonstrated India’s relatively low carbon emissions at that time.
 In 2020, India maintained its status as the lowest emitter of CO2 among the same
regions, indicating a consistent trend of relatively low carbon emissions.

Renewable Energy Adoption (1990 and 2015):

 In 1990, most G20 nations, excluding the U.S. and Mexico, generated less than 2% of
their electricity from renewables.

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 By 2015, India had made some progress, with 5.36% of its electricity coming from
renewable sources.
 However, India’s ranking in this regard was 13th out of the 20 regions analyzed,
suggesting relatively slow progress in adopting eco-friendly energy sources compared
to some other G20 nations.

Conclusion
 As India hands over the G20 Presidency to Brazil, there is an opportunity for the nation
to build on its successes and address areas that require further attention to achieve
a more balanced and equitable socioeconomic landscape

The rising influence of ethnic Indians causes frictions in India-

Canada ties

Context: Recently, the tensions between India and Canada escalated when the
Canadian Prime Minister alleged Indian involvement in the killing of a Khalistani Leader
designated as a terrorist by India, in Surrey in June 2023.

What is the Khalistan Movement?

 The Khalistan movement is a fight for a separate, sovereign Sikh state in present-day
Punjab (both India and Pakistan).
 The demand has resurfaced during a violent insurgency in the 1970s and 1980s which
paralysed Punjab for over a decade.
 The movement was crushed in India following Operation Blue Star (1984) and
Operation Black Thunder (1986 and 1988), but it continues to evoke sympathy and
support among sections of the Sikh population, especially in the Sikh diaspora in
countries such as Canada, the UK, and Australia.

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What are the Recent Anti-India Activities in Canada?

Operation Bluestar Anniversary Parade (June 2023):
 In Brampton, Ontario, a parade seemed to celebrate the assassination of former Prime
Minister Indira Gandhi, displaying a blood-stained figure and advocating revenge for the
attack on Darbar Sahib.
Pro-Khalistan Referendum (2022):
 Sikhs for Justice (SFJ), a pro-Khalistan organization, conducted a so-called
"referendum" on Khalistan in Brampton, claiming significant support.

Sanjh Savera Magazine (2002):

 In 2002, the Toronto-based Punjabi-language weekly Sanjh Savera celebrated the
assassination of Indira Gandhi and glorified those responsible.

Indian Concerns Over such Activities:

 Canada’s failure to tackle "Sikh extremism", and the constant harassment of Indian
diplomats and officials by Khalistanis, is a major foreign policy stress point.
 Canada has paused talks on a proposed trade treaty with India.

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How will Khalistan Radicalism Impact India-Canada Relations?

Strained Diplomatic Relations:
 The allegations and counter-allegations can strain diplomatic ties, affecting the overall
relationship between the two nations.
 Trust and confidence may be eroded, making it difficult to collaborate on various
bilateral and international issues.

Security Implications for India:

 The Khalistan movement is considered a security threat to India’s Sovereignty getting
grounds in Foreign Countries.
 In April 2023, India arrested a Sikh separatist Leader for allegedly reviving calls for
Khalistan, sparking fears of new violence in Punjab.
 Earlier in 2023, India hit out at Canada for allowing a float in a parade depicting the
assassination of Indira Gandhi, perceiving this to be a glorification of Sikh separatist
violence.
 It is also concerning for India about frequent demonstrations and vandalism by Sikh
separatists and their supporters at Indian diplomatic missions in Canada, Britain, the
U.S. and Australia causing threat to Indian Sovereignty and Integrity.

Impact on Trade and Economy:

 Trade relations might suffer as the accusations could affect business partnerships
and investment flows between India and Canada.
 Businesses may exercise caution or reassess their engagement due to the heightened
political tension.
 India-Canada bilateral trade in goods reached approximately USD 8.2 billion in 2022,
showing a 25% growth compared to 2021.
 The services sector was emphasised as a significant contributor to the bilateral
relationship, with bilateral services trade valued at around USD 6.6 billion in 2022.

Reduced Cooperation on Key Issues:

 Cooperation on critical global challenges such as climate change, counterterrorism,
and international security might be adversely impacted.

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 Both countries may find it challenging to align their positions and work together
effectively on these shared concerns.

Potential Travel and People-to-People Impact:

 The escalating tensions could affect travel and interactions between Indian and
Canadian citizens, making it more cumbersome or less appealing to travel to each
other's countries.

Reassessment of Immigration Policies:

 Canada may review or tighten its immigration policies, especially concerning
individuals associated with Khalistani separatism, in response to India's concerns
about sheltering such elements.

Long-Term Bilateral Cooperation:

 The recent tensions could have a lasting effect on long-term bilateral cooperation
and partnerships.
 Rebuilding trust and reestablishing a constructive relationship might require
substantial efforts and time.
 India established diplomatic relations with Canada in 1947.
 India and Canada has a long-standing bilateral relationship based on shared
democratic values, the multi-cultural, multi-ethnic and multi-religious nature of two
societies, and strong people-to-people contacts.
There is a need to develop a new framework of cooperation that is more pragmatic
and that emphasizes mutually beneficial areas, such as trade, where opportunities
lie and much work remains to be done, for better Indo-Canadian relations.

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SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

1) Science and Technology: Nature and scope of science and Technology, Relevance
of S&T, National policy on S&T and innovations, Basics of everyday science, Human
body, Public Health and Community Medicine, Food and Nutrition, Health Care.
Institutes and Organization in India promoting integration of S&T and Innovation,
their activities and contributions, Contribution of Prominent Indian Scientists.

Bridging the malnutrition gap, the Bemetara way

Context: This news is based on the recent article came in news which talks about the
significance of nutrition counseling and monitoring in India, showcasing the success of
the “Potth Laika Abhiyaan” program in Bemetara, Chhattisgarh. This program substantially
decreased malnutrition rates in specific children within nine months.

Why is nutrition security still a challenge?

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Government Initiatives:
 Despite measures like mid-day-meals, the Public Distribution System, and POSHAN
Abhiyaan, malnutrition persists.

Knowledge Gap:
 Many individuals lack the correct knowledge about proper eating and feeding practices.

Myths and Misconceptions:

 Misbeliefs about food, combined with increased access to highly processed foods,
hinder proper nutrition.

Inconsistent Counseling:
 While various awareness programs exist, nutrition counseling hasn’t been uniformly
implemented across states.

What’s happening in Bemetara?

Unexpected Malnutrition Levels:
 Despite its agricultural richness and relative affluence, Bemetara has a high number
of Severe Acute Malnutritioned (SAM) children.
 As of December 2022, there were 3,299 SAM children, a figure mirroring that of Naxal-
affected areas like Bastar.

Core Issue:
 The primary problem isn’t a lack of food access but insufficient knowledge about
proper feeding practices.

Potth Laika Abhiyaan Introduction:

 This is a nutrition counseling program in place in 72 of the most affected Anganwadi
Centres (AWCs) within Bemetara.
 It operates with technical support from UNICEF, Chhattisgarh.
 It involves teaching parents about balanced diets, handwashing, and dispelling myths,
and local leaders take part while home visits track children’s progress.

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Program Details:
 Ground staff from Health and Women and Child Development departments provide
nutrition counseling.
 Every Friday, parents of SAM and Medium Acute Malnutritioned (MAM) children receive
guidance in local language.
 They learn about balanced diets, the importance of handwashing, and are corrected
on food-related myths.

Community Involvement:
 leaders, including sarpanchs and religious heads, have taken part in these counseling
sessions.
 There are also door-to-door visits to monitor the progress of targeted children.

Significant Outcomes:
 Due to this approach, within nine months, from December 2022 to July 2023, 53.77%
of targeted children improved their nutritional status.

What should be done to ensure nutrition security in India?

Expand Nutrition Counselling:
 Given the success in Bemetara, nutrition counselling needs to be consistently
implemented across all states.

Uniform Implementation:
 States should uniformly institutionalize and implement nutrition awareness and
counselling.

Training Field Staff:

 Proper training in nutritional counselling is essential for field staff to effectively guide
communities.

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Robust Monitoring:
 Alongside counselling, regular monitoring of children’s nutrition status is crucial.

Replicate Successful Models:

 Programs like Potth Laika Abhiyaan, which brought significant improvements in
Bemetara, should be replicated in other districts and states.

Address Myths:
 Awareness campaigns should target and dispel dietary myths and misconceptions.

A GM crop decision that cuts the mustard

Context: To achieve global food security and 'Zero Hunger' by 2030, adopting science-
based technologies like GM crops is crucial amid climate change challenges.

What is the status of GM crops?

Global Status of GM Crops:

 GM crops are seen as essential for global food and nutritional security, especially in a
changing climate.
 72 countries have adopted GM crops for various uses like food, feed, or cultivation.
 Major crops include maize, soybean, cotton, and canola, but expansion to other crops
is ongoing.
 Economic gains from GM crops between 1996-2018 amounted to $224.9 billion.
 Over 16 million farmers globally benefit from GM crops, with 95% in developing
countries.

India’s Status of GM Crops:

 Bt cotton, commercialized over 20 years ago, is a successful GM crop in India.
 India recently approved the cultivation of a GM mustard hybrid, DMH-11, developed at
the University of Delhi South Campus.

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 The introduction of GM mustard aims to reduce edible oil imports, promoting self-
reliance in agriculture.

What is GM Mustard Hybrid, DMH-11?

GM Mustard Hybrid, DMH-11:

Origin:
 Developed at the Centre for Genetic Manipulation of Crop Plants at the University of
Delhi South Campus.

Yield:
 Offers higher vigor and yield, addressing India’s edible oil deficit.

Technology:
 Utilizes the barnase/barstar system; this method involves removing male fertility in
one parent and restoring it in the offspring.

Special Trait:
 Contains a herbicide tolerance gene used for selecting genetically transformed lines
and hybrid seed production.

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What is the significance of GM Mustard Hybrid, DMH-11?

Tackling Oil Deficit and Imports:
 Helps address India’s edible oil deficit where 60% of demand is met by imports,
potentially reducing the oil-import burden which was approximately ₹1.17 lakh crore.

Increased Production:
 Offers higher yield and vigor, crucial for boosting domestic edible oil production.

Economic Impact:
 Enhances the economic well-being of farmers through increased crop yield.

Innovation in Agriculture:
 Symbolizes a significant advancement in India’s genetic engineering, ushering in new
crop varieties with better traits.

Diversity in Breeding:
 The barnase/barstar-based hybrid introduces variety in mustard breeding, diversifying
India’s traditionally narrow genetic base.

Promoting Self-Reliance:
 The cultivation of DMH-11 signifies a move towards agricultural self-reliance and
sustainability, reducing external dependencies.

Conclusion
The environmental release of DMH-11 marks the beginning of a new era in self-reliance
and sustainability in agriculture. More improved GM food crops are needed to boost the
profitability of Indian farmers.

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Vagus Nerve

Context: Research has indicated a link between vagus nerve dysfunction and long COVID
About the Vagus Nerve
 They’re actually a pair of nerves, one on each side, that run from brainstem, through
the neck, to chest and stomach.
 They are the longest cranial nerves, going from brain to large intestine, fulfilling their
meaning (‘vagus’ in Latin means ‘wandering’) by passing through, or connecting with
neck, heart, lungs, abdomen and digestive tract – all important parts.
 They form a key part of the parasympathetic nervous system.
 They are the 10th of 12 cranial nerves and contain 75% of the parasympathetic nervous
system’s nerve fibre.
 They work bi-directionally, allowing the brain and body to communicate with each
other.
Related Research
 Researchers are increasingly looking at ways through which stimulation of the vagus
nerve may potentially help with various health conditions.
 Some treatments are already in existence, for instance, an implantable vagus nerve
stimulator is used to treat epilepsy and depression (that does not respond to
conventional treatment), by stimulating areas of the brain that lead to seizures and
affect moods.
 Vagus nerve stimulation is also being studied for other diseases and disorders such as
migraines, polycystic ovary syndrome, alcoholism, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s,
multiple sclerosis and gut disorders such as inflammatory bowel disease and Crohn’s
disease.

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[Brain activity in a patient before, top row, and after vagus nerve stimulation]

Vagus nerve’s connection to long COVID

 A study found that those with Post-Covid-19 Condition (PCC) or long COVID were more
likely to have vagus nerve-related symptoms, compared to those who had recovered
from COVID-19 and those not infected, indicating that vagus nerve dysfunction could
have a role in the pathophysiology of PCC.

Does vagus nerve stimulation benefit all patients?

 Implanted vagus nerve stimulation does not work for everybody, and is not intended
to replace conventional treatment.
 It is still being studied and more research is needed into its potential therapeutic effect.
Parasympathetic Nervous System
– It is responsible for relaxing and resting the body after a bout of activity and for
a number of vital functions including heart rate, blood pressure and digestion.
– It also plays a role in the immune system.

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ICT
ICT : Nature and Scope of ICT, ICT in day today life, ICT and industry, ICT and
Governance – various Government schemes promoting use of ICT, e-Governance
Programmes and Services, Netiquettes, Cyber Security concerns – National Cyber
Crime Policy. MIS. Artificial Intelligence – benefits and impacts, Robotics.

Transfer of personal data under UN treaty will be under domestic

laws: India

Context: The Digital Personal Data Protection Act enacted by Parliament in August says
that personal data can be processed “in the interest of sovereignty and integrity of India
or security of the state” for “fulfilling any obligation under law”.

India’s Data Transfer Stance in U.N. Cyber Crime Convention

 India insists on personal data transfers aligning with its domestic laws during U.N.
treaty negotiations.
 Emphasizes national sovereignty and integrity over international laws.
 Expected ratification of the convention at the U.N. General Assembly in 2024.

The Digital Personal Data Protection Act

 Enacted in August, it regulates personal data processing in India.
 Requires firms to disclose data processors’ identities.
 Exempts data sharing for lawful interception, prioritizing national security.

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Proposed Changes and Data Transfer Conditions

 India proposed removing a clause encouraging data transfer arrangements in treaty
negotiations.
 Agreement reached on transferring personal data with prior written authorization and
safeguards.
 Each state party must designate a 24/7 point of contact for aiding investigations and
legal proceedings under the convention.

UN Cybercrime Treaty:
 Since May 2021, UN member states have been negotiating an international treaty on
countering cybercrime.
 If adopted by the UN General Assembly, it would be the first binding UN instrument on
a cyber issue.
 The treaty aims to provide a global legal framework for international cooperation in
preventing, investigating, and prosecuting cybercrime.

Cybercrime Categories:
Cybercrime is categorized into two types:
1. cyber-dependent crimes
2. cyber-enabled crimes.
 Cyber-dependent crimes can only be committed using Information and
Communication Technologies (ICTs). For example, ransomware attacks.

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 Cyber-enabled crimes are traditional crimes transformed by digital technologies,

such as online banking scams and identity theft.

Treaty Process:
 In December 2019, the UN established an open-ended ad hoc committee (AHC) to
develop a comprehensive international convention on countering the use of ICTs for
criminal purposes.
 Negotiations began in early 2022, with six negotiating sessions planned.
 Civil society and the private sector have also played a role in shaping the convention
through statements, consultations, and side events.

Main Areas of Disagreement:

 Key areas of disagreement include the scope of the treaty, human rights safeguards,
capacity-building, harmonization with existing efforts, and the relevance of gender
to the treaty.
 Differences in perspectives exist between countries advocating for a broad approach
to criminalization and those favoring a narrower focus.

Conclusion:
 In conclusion, India’s approach to the talks on a treaty against cybercrime
demonstrates its focus on national security and sovereignty when it comes to
handling and sending personal data. It aims to find a balance between safeguarding
its own interests and data security with global cooperation in fighting cybercrime.
 The way other UN members react to India’s offers and issues will probably
determine how these negotiations turn out in the end.

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ENERGY REQUIREMENT AND EFFICIENCY:

India's existing energy needs and deficit, India's energy resources and
dependence, Renewable and Non-renewable energy resources,Energy
Policy of India – Govt.Policies and Programmes, Energy Security and
Nuclear Policy of India.

Launch of Global Biofuels Alliance a key moment in quest for clean energy

Context: India recently launched the Global Biofuels Alliance, with Prime Minister
Narendra Modi urging G-20 nations to join the initiative with a plea to take blending of
ethanol with petrol to 20% globally.

What is the Global Biofuels Alliance?

 India has launched the Global Biofuel Alliance (GBA) to hasten the use of biofuels on
a worldwide scale.
 The alliance’s objectives are to:
 Utilize sustainable biofuels more often.
 Establish benchmarks and certification
 Advance technology

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 Compared to gasoline, biofuels burn more efficiently and emit fewer greenhouse
gases. Up to 86% less greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved with cellulosic
ethanol. Producing enough biofuel to drastically reduce fossil fuel use, however, can
result in issues like increasing pollution and a reduction in food access. It can be
expensive to manufacture and incorporate biofuels into daily fuel usage.
 80% of the growth in the use of biofuels worldwide is accounted for by the United
States, Canada, Brazil, Indonesia, and India.

When was the initiative launched?

 During the G-20 Summit, Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced the coalition.
 President Joe Biden of the United States, President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva of Brazil,
Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina of Bangladesh, and Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni of Italy
were among the other world leaders present at the launch.
Founding members of the alliance
 The Global Biofuels Alliance was founded by the United States, India, Argentina,
Bangladesh, Brazil, Italy, Mauritius, South Africa, and the United Arab Emirates.
 Singapore and Canada are participating as observers.
Green Credit Initiative
 India’s Green Credit Programme is a national effort that tries to encourage individuals
to take environmentally friendly acts.
 The government included the program in its budget for 2023–2024. Through the
initiative, people, businesses, and organizations could create “green credits” for
actions that benefit the environment.
 To leverage green credits, the initiative would employ a competitive market-based
strategy.
 Green credits are tradable results that serve as incentives. They would be
provided to people and organizations that engage activities and make
environmental changes.
 On a domestic market basis, these green credits would be exchangeable.
 As a component of the government’s 2023–2024 budget, the program was initially
suggested on February 1st.

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Focused areas of the alliance

Focus on Sustainability:
 The partnership places a high priority on sustainability in the supply and production
of biofuels.
 It strives to guarantee that the cost of biofuels stays low and that they are made in
an environmentally friendly way.

Goals for Clean Energy and the Environment:

 The Global Biofuels Alliance’s founding is in line with more general objectives for clean
energy, sustainability, and combating climate change.
 It demonstrates a commitment to utilize greener, renewable energy sources, such as
ethanol, to cut greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation sector.

Global Collaboration:
 The alliance represents a united front on the part of nations to address the world’s
energy and environmental problems, particularly as we move toward more
environmentally friendly energy sources.

What are the benefits of the alliance for the world?

Reduced Greenhouse Gas Emissions:
 When compared to conventional fossil fuels, ethanol, which is produced from
renewable sources like sugarcane or corn, often has a lower carbon footprint.
 Increasing the amount of ethanol blended with gasoline can aid in lowering
greenhouse gas emissions from the transportation industry, aiding in the fight against
global warming.

Energy Security:
 Domestic production of biofuels, such as ethanol, using renewable resources can
lessen a nation’s reliance on imports of fossil fuels.
 This increases energy security and lessens sensitivity to changes in the price of oil
around the world.

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Energy Source Diversification:

 The transportation sector’s energy sources are diversified through encouraging the
use of biofuels.
 The energy supply may become more resilient and less susceptible to supply
disruptions as a result of this diversity.

Agriculture Support:
 The production of biofuels frequently depends on crops, which can be profitable for
farmers and rural areas.
 It can boost agricultural development and generate employment there.

Cleaner Air:
 When burned, biofuels often emit less harmful pollution than conventional gasoline.
 This may result in better air quality and a decline in the health risks brought on by air
pollution.

Conclusion
 The Global Biofuels Alliance represents a crucial and dynamic force in the global
energy landscape.
 As the world grapples with the urgent need to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and
combat climate change, biofuels have emerged as a viable and sustainable alternative
to traditional fossil fuels.
 The alliance serves as a catalyst for collaboration, innovation, and advocacy in the
biofuels sector, bringing together governments, industry leaders, and researchers from
around the world.

Disentangling the 2030 global renewable energy target

Context: The 28th Conference of Parties (COP28) of the UNFCCC is set to discuss the
proposal of triple renewable energy capacity globally by 2030.

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The Global Target:

 2021: Renewable energy sources (RES) accounted for 28% of total electricity
generation globally, with hydropower, solar, and wind being the major contributors.
 Tripling renewable energy (RE) capacity by 2030 would require adding approximately
6000 GW, primarily from solar and wind sources.
 This goal implies generating about 13,000 TWh of electricity from RES alone,
constituting 38% of total global electricity production.

Diverse Electricity Demands:

 Global electricity demand is not uniform but varies across countries. Developing
nations currently experience rapid electricity demand growth, while developed
countries show slower growth or even decline.
 For instance, China and India have witnessed annual electricity consumption growth
rates of 6.6% and 6.3%, respectively, while the European Union (EU) and the United
States have seen minimal growth. Addressing this diversity is crucial in achieving the
tripling target.

Disparities in Contribution:
 To meet the target, different countries would need to make varying contributions. The
U.S. and the EU, with low electricity demand growth and significant non-renewable
energy capacity, must accelerate phasing out fossil fuels to meet their share of the
goal.
 Meanwhile, India, with substantial electricity demand growth, would need to
contribute significantly to reach the target. In a scenario where fossil fuels are phased
out entirely in the U.S. and the EU, they would need to add substantial RE capacity,
which aligns better with their fair share of the burden and allows developing countries
a smoother transition.

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The Origin of the Global Target:

 The source of the proposed RE global target is the International Renewable Energy
Agency (IRENA), which advocates for tripling renewable power capacity to over 11 TW
by 2030.
 IRENA’s scenario closely resembles the inequitable scenario outlined earlier, raising
concerns about transparency and equity in the global target.

The Pitfall of Absolute Projections:

 Absolute projections of installed RE capacity fail to consider the growth in energy
demand. Relative targets prove less risky as they depend less on demand matching
expectations.
 Moreover, the burden of such a massive RE capacity increase falling on developing
countries is unrealistic without substantial non-RE capacity for stability and viable
storage options. Building national grids to handle this capacity is also challenging,
given inadequate climate finance.

Targets for the Developed World:

 Interestingly, the most vocal proponents of the global RE target lack such targets
domestically. While India announced an ambitious goal at COP26, the U.S. and the EU
rely on market signals rather than absolute targets.
 This raises questions about the commitment of developed nations to global
sustainability.

Way Forward:
 Developing countries, particularly India, should only consider the global RE capacity
target if developed nations commit to equitable absolute targets within their own
borders.
 These targets should reflect their historical responsibilities and align with the
principles of fairness and equity outlined in the Paris Agreement.

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Conclusion:
 The global target of tripling renewable energy capacity by 2030 is a challenging
endeavor with significant disparities among nations.
 A more equitable and realistic approach requires developed countries to adopt
absolute targets and share the responsibility of achieving this crucial goal.
 Achieving global sustainability demands collective effort and commitment from all
nations, without leaving the burden disproportionately on developing nations.

The Complex Path to Biofuel Sustainability

Context: Biofuels face challenges despite the growing adoption of electric vehicles (EVs).
Transition to EVs requires replacing existing internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles
and infrastructure, which is a capital-intensive process.

Challenges in India
 In India, biofuels primarily refer to first-generation (1G) ethanol, sourced from food
crops.
 The policy aims to achieve 20% ethanol blending with petrol (E20) by 2025-26, relying
on 1G ethanol from sugarcane and foodgrains.
 Second-generation (2G) ethanol, made from crop waste, faces challenges related to
feedstock supply and scaling up.
 Groundwater depletion and food security concerns arise from diverting surplus
produce towards energy production.
 Agriculture is a significant source of direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, making
it counterproductive to increase emissions for fuel production.

Promoting Sustainable Biofuels

 Sustainable biofuels are produced from crop residues and waste with low water and
GHG footprints.
 The Global Biofuels Alliance aims to promote sustainable biofuels and support India’s
climate action.

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 To achieve global net-zero emissions by 2050, sustainable biofuel production must

triple by 2030.
 Decentralized 2G ethanol production is a potential sustainable solution but presents
challenges in balancing economies of scale with biomass collection and transport.
 Biomass should be prioritized for sectors with limited low-carbon alternatives like
long-haul aviation and road freight.
 The Global Biofuels Alliance can drive innovation in efficient biomass supply chains
and smaller-scale decentralized biofuel production.

Biofuels
 Any hydrocarbon fuels produced from organic matter in a short period of time is a
biofuel.
 Types: Solid (e.g., wood, dried plants, manure), Liquid (e.g., bioethanol, biodiesel),
Gaseous (e.g., biogas)
 Used as alternatives or supplements to diesel, petrol, and other fossil fuels.
 Utilized in transportation, stationary, portable applications, heat, and electricity
generation.
 Motivated by rising oil prices, greenhouse gas emissions, and agricultural crop-based
fuel production.

Different Categories of Biofuels

First Generation Biofuels:
 Made from food sources (sugar, starch, vegetable oil, animal fats).
 Examples: Bio-alcohols, Biodiesel, Vegetable oil, Bio-ethers, Biogas.
 Easy conversion but competes with food production, causing price increases.

Second Generation Biofuels:

 Produced from non-food crops or inedible portions of food crops (e.g., stems, husks,
wood chips).
 Examples: Cellulose ethanol, Biodiesel.
 Complex production processes, lower impact on food economy, lower greenhouse gas
emissions.

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Third Generation Biofuels:

 Derived from micro-organisms like algae.
 Example: Butanol.
 Grown on land and water unsuitable for food production, reducing water strain.
 Fertilizer use may lead to environmental pollution.

Fourth Generation Biofuels:

 Crops genetically engineered to absorb high carbon levels.
 Grown, harvested, and converted into fuel using second-generation techniques.
 Carbon capture and geo-sequestration used (carbon storage in depleted oil/gas
fields or coal seams).
 Considered carbon negative as they remove carbon from the environment.

Global Biofuel Alliance

 India-led initiative.
 Aims to develop an alliance involving Governments, International organizations,
and Industry to promote biofuel adoption.
 Comprises 19 countries and 12 international organizations.
 Founding members: India, Brazil, and the US.
 Focuses on enhancing the use of sustainable biofuels, particularly in the
transportation sector.
 India, the US, and Brazil collectively account for 85 percent of global ethanol
production.
 US holds the largest share at 55 percent, followed by Brazil at 27 percent, and
India at 3 percent.

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ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
Issues and concerns related to environment, its legal aspects, policies and treaties
for the protection of environment at the National and the International level,
Environment protection for sustainable development.
Biodiversity – its importance and concerns, Climate change, International initiatives
(Policies, Protocols) and India's commitment, Western Ghats, Features,
Characteristics and issues. Forest and wildlife – Legal framework for Forest and
Wildlife Conservation in India. Environmental Hazards, Pollution, Carbon Emission,
Global Warming. National action plans on climate change and Disaster Management.
Developments in Biotechnology, Green Technology and Nanotechnology.

Redouble efforts to reduce disaster risks

Context: The rise in disasters is a trend, not an aberration. Headlines this year alone have
brought a relentless wave of bad news across the world. India, already among the world’s
most disaster-prone countries, is experiencing this new reality acutely. In 2022, the
country was battered by disasters or extreme weather nearly every day, while this year’s
severe monsoon has caused widespread loss of livelihood and lives.

Why is the world at risk?

Persistent Challenges:

 The aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic is combined with issues like war, debt, and
food insecurity.

Climate Crisis:

 This is leading to frequent and intense extreme weather events.

Rising Disaster Trend:

 Increase in disasters, such as flooding in China, wildfires in Europe and Hawaii,

and the hottest month ever in July.

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Vulnerable Countries Affected:

 Countries that contributed least to climate issues are facing the worst impacts. The
50 most climate-vulnerable countries also have major debt problems.

India’s Experience:

 India, one of the world’s most disaster-prone countries, had weather-related

disasters almost daily in 2022.
How is India addressing the issue?

Disaster Management Plans:

 All 28 States in India have prepared their own disaster management plans.

Reduction in Mortality:

 India’s early warning system for cyclones covers the entire coastline, leading to
a 90% decrease in cyclone-related deaths over 15 years.
 Local heat wave action plans have resulted in over 90% reduction in heat wave
deaths.

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Effective Preparedness:

 The recent Cyclone Biparjoy in Gujarat saw no casualties. Women were moved
to safe places before the cyclone for safe childbirth.

Financial Support:

 India’s 15th Finance Commission allocated $28.6 billion for disaster readiness and
capacity development over five years.

Global Initiatives:

 India promotes the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure globally.

 During its G20 presidency, India introduced the first-ever work stream on disaster risk
reduction.

What global efforts are being made?

Frameworks and Agreements:

 The SDGs, Paris Agreement, and Sendai Framework serve as global guidelines.
 However, eight years into the Sendai Framework, efforts need to accelerate.

Learnings from COVID-19:

 The pandemic emphasized the importance of system-wide disaster risk reduction and
resilience.
 Innovations like India’s CoWIN digital vaccine system emerged.

Early Warning Systems:

 UN-led initiative, with India’s backing, is pushing for a global multi-risk warning
system.
 Currently, over a third of the global population lacks access to early warning systems.

Data and Knowledge Sharing:

 India’s G20 presidency has been recognized for advancements in knowledge sharing,
joint data infrastructure, and risk analysis.

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What more needs to be done?

Integration of Disaster Risk:

 Incorporate risk assessment in construction, investment, and lifestyle choices.

Early Warning Systems for All:

 Spearheaded by the UN and supported by India, the goal is a global warning system
for diverse hazards.
 Right now, over a third of the global population, especially in least developed countries
and Small Island Developing States, lacks access.

Enhanced Data Capabilities:

 Boost global data resources to better predict and respond to arising risks.

No One Left Behind:

 Strengthen international cooperation in disaster prevention, response, and recovery,
focusing on countries of the Global South.

Leverage G20 Outcomes:

 Use results from the Disaster Risk Reduction Working Group to craft a future equipped
to handle disaster risks.

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GS-III
ECONOMY AND PLANNING
1) Indian economy on the eve of independence. Indian economy in post reform
period – new economic reforms, NITI Aayog, National Income and Per Capita
Income, Sectoral Composition (Output and Employment) – Primary, Secondary
and Tertiary. Development under different policy regimes (including Five Year
Plans) – Goals, Constraints, Institutions and Policy framework.

Global Innovation Index 2023

Context: The Global Innovation Index 2023 was released recently.India has retained
40th rank in the Global Innovation Index 2023.

About Global Innovation Index 2023 rankings: -

 Publication: annual.
 Published by: World Intellectual Property Organization.
 WIPO is a self-funding agency of the United Nations, with 193 member states.
 Edition: 16th edition.
 The Global Innovation Index is a leading reference for measuring an economy’s
innovation ecosystem performance.
 It is also a valuable benchmarking tool used by policymakers, business leaders, and
other stakeholders to assess progress in innovation over time.
 The 2023 edition of the Global Innovation Index (GII) takes the pulse of global
innovation trends against the background of an economic environment fraught with
uncertainty.
 Global Innovation Tracker 2023 captures key trends in innovation investments and
measures the pace of technological progress and adoption, as well as the resulting
socioeconomic impact.
 The index reveals the ranking of this year’s most innovative economies in the world
amongst 132 economies.

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Key highlights:-
 Most innovative economies in 2023:-
 For the 13th year in a row, Switzerland is the most innovative economy in 2023
followed by Sweden, the United States, the United Kingdom, and Singapore.
 The top Science and Technology innovation clusters in the world in 2023 are: –
 Tokyo–Yokohama, followed by Shenzhen–Hong Kong–Guangzhou, Seoul, Beijing and
Shanghai-Suzhou.
 China now has the largest number of clusters in the world, overtaking the United
States.

India’s performance:-
 India retained the 40th rank out of 132 economies.
 Over the past few years, India has consistently climbed the ranks in the GII, rising
from 81st place in 2015 to its current position.

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AGRICULTURE

Agriculture Sector, Land Reforms in India, Technological change in Agriculture – Major

Crops and Cropping patterns in various parts of the Country, Irrigation, Pricing of
agriculture inputs and outputs, Agricultural Finance Policy and Marketing, Issues in Food
Security and Public Distribution System, Green Revolution, Policies for sustainable
agriculture and organic farming.

Climate phenomena and food security

Context: There has been a series of disruptive weather and climate phenomena in India
this year, demonstrating the complexity of our precipitation system. There was the
Western disturbance, which usually brings much-needed moisture from European seas
to the western Himalayas and parts of northern India in the winter and spring. But this
year, the Western disturbance lived up to its name and remained active late into the
summer, snapping at the heels of the southwest monsoon.

How have been the Weather and Climate Phenomena?

Western Disturbance:

 The Western Disturbance traditionally brings vital moisture from European seas to the
western Himalayas and parts of northern India in the winter and spring.
 In 2023, the Western disturbance persisted late into the summer, complicating the
transition to the Southwest Monsoon season. This unusual behavior raised concerns
about its effects on precipitation patterns.

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 Climate-linked warming is likely to weaken winter precipitation from the Western

disturbance and shift it to more intense rain events.

El Niño and IOD:

 An El Niño phase of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) was intensifying, which
can adversely affect the southwest monsoon.
 While not all El Niño events negatively impact the monsoon due to its complexity, the
dynamics between El Niño and the monsoon are evolving.
 The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) can balance the adverse impact of the El Nino on the
South West Monsoon.
 Dynamic regression models indicate that 65% of the inter-annual variability in the
southwest monsoon is attributed to the combined effects of ENSO and the IOD.
 Some Studies have found that 43% of heavy rainfall events in the Northeast Monsoon
coincided with an El Niño.

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How Can Such Climate Phenomena Impact Agriculture and Water Resources?

El Niño's Effects on Green Water:

 Agriculture relies on two types of water - green water from rain-fed soil moisture
and blue water from rivers, lakes, reservoirs, and groundwater for irrigation. Both are
vital for food security.
 Climate phenomena like El Niño can disrupt rainfed agriculture, affecting sowing,
plant growth, and soil moisture.
 Despite investments in irrigation infrastructure, around half of India's cultivated area
depends on green water, underscoring the significance of rainfed agriculture for food
security.
 Contributions of green water from the monsoon and the Western disturbance play
significant roles in preserving blue water stock and groundwater to determine the
fate of the Rabi Crops sown in winter and the overall water security.

El Niño's Effects on Crop Vulnerability:

 Even in irrigated areas, crops like rice paddy, soybean, tur dal, groundnut, and maize
rely on green water, making them vulnerable to climate variability.
 For instance, soybean production saw a 28% decline during the 2015-2016 El Niño
year.

How are the Emerging Climate Hotspots in India Impacted by Declining Monsoon
Precipitation?

Water Stress in Central India:

 Certain regions in Central India are emerging as climate change hotspots with critical
implications for water, food, and ecological security.
 Persistent water stress and urban centers facing water shortages pose challenges.

Declining Monsoon Precipitation:

 Monsoon precipitation has been declining since the 1950s, potentially due to
reduced land-sea thermal gradients due to the warming of the seas.

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 However, increasing intensity of rain events and heat stress are observed,
adding complexity.

Model Uncertainties:
 Global climate models struggle to simulate observed precipitation trends,
creating uncertainties in future projections.
 Climate scientists are working to improve these models.

What can be the Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies?

Shift to Less Water-Intensive Crops:
 Reducing dependence on water-intensive crops in favor of less water-intensive crops
like millets can enhance food system resilience to phenomena like El Niño.
 Shifting crops may save 30% of blue water, but policies are needed to prevent new
demands for the saved water.

Alternative Crop Strategies:

 Encouraging farmers to adopt shorter-growing-cycle crops and diversify agricultural
practices.

Improved Forecasting:
 Utilizing forecasts of climate phenomena like El Niño for informed decision-making.

Water Storage Management:

 Effective management of dams and reservoirs is crucial to reduce flood risks and
ecological damage.

Dr M S Swaminathan: Father of India’s Green Revolution

Context: Mankombu Sambasivan Swaminathan (MS Swaminathan )(1925 to 2023) who

passed away recently, played a crucial role in heralding the Green Revolution that helped
India combat food insecurity

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Key contributions of M S Swaminathan

Green Revolution Pioneer:
 Swaminathan played a crucial role in India's Green Revolution during the 1960s and
1970s, which transformed the country from a food-deficit nation to a self-sufficient
one.
 He advocated the use of high-yielding crop varieties, modern farming techniques, and
increased use of fertilizers and irrigation to boost agricultural productivity.

Development of High-Yielding Varieties (HYVs):

 Swaminathan worked on developing high-yielding wheat and rice varieties that were
resistant to pests and diseases.
 His research led to the creation of HYVs, such as IR8 (or "Miracle Rice"), which
significantly increased crop yields and helped alleviate food shortages.

Promotion of Sustainable Agriculture:

 Swaminathan emphasized the importance of sustainable agriculture practices,
including organic farming, agroecology, and conservation of traditional crop varieties.
 He advocated for the preservation of biodiversity and the protection of indigenous
knowledge in agriculture.

Food Security and Hunger Alleviation:

 Swaminathan has been a vocal advocate for food security, particularly for marginalized
and vulnerable populations.
 He has worked on policies and programs aimed at reducing hunger and malnutrition
in India and globally.

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Agricultural Education and Research:

 Swaminathan has contributed significantly to agricultural education and research in
India. He served as the Director General of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(ICAR) and the Secretary in the Ministry of Agriculture.
 He has played a key role in shaping agricultural policies and research initiatives in
India.

International Recognition:
 Swaminathan's work has received international recognition, including numerous
awards and honors. He received the World Food Prize in 1987 for his contributions to
food security.
 He has served in various international organizations and committees focused on
agriculture and food security.

Sustainable Development Goals:

 Swaminathan's ideas and expertise have been instrumental in shaping global
initiatives related to sustainable agriculture and achieving the United Nations
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).

Contributions to Kuttanad and Kerala’s biodiversity:

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Kuttanad Package:
 The over ₹1,800-crore Kuttanad Package, recommended by the M.S. Swaminathan
Research Foundation (MSSRF), recommended declaring the wetland system a ‘Special
Agricultural Zone,‘ protecting water spread areas, modernizing infrastructure, and
encouraging short-duration paddy varieties.

Biodiversity Conservation:
 The MSSRF’s 2008 report on the Idukki District (the Idukki Package) and the
establishment of the ‘Community Agrobiodiversity Centre’ in Wayanad reflected his
commitment to biodiversity conservation.
 He advocated public awareness, community participation, and economic incentives
for in situ and on-farm conservation traditions.

M. S. Swaminathan's lifelong dedication to improving agriculture and food security has

left an indelible mark on India's agricultural landscape and has had a lasting impact
on global efforts to combat hunger and promote sustainable farming practices.

TRENDS AND PATTERNS IN STRUCTURE OF

POPULATION OVER TIME
Growthrate, Gender Rural-Urban Migration, Literacy, Regional Structure and trends of
Poverty and Inequality, Unemployment – trends, Structureand National Rural
Employment policies. Indicators of development – Physical Quality of Life Index,
Human Development Index, Human Poverty Index, Gender Development Index,
National Happiness Index.

How unemployment is measured

Context: The question of unemployment has the potential to make or break any
government. To successfully tackle it, it is important to understand how it is defined and
measured in a developing economy like India

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What is unemployment?

 The International Labour Organization (ILO) defines unemployment as being out of a

job; being available to take a job; and actively engaged in searching for work. Therefore,
an individual who has lost work but does not look for another job is not unemployed.

Labour Force Definition

 The labour force is defined as the sum of the employed and the unemployed.
 Those neither employed nor unemployed — such as students and those engaged in
unpaid domestic work — are considered out of the labour force

Unemployment data of India

 When the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) was released in 2017, it revealed India's
unemployment rate to be 6.1%, the highest ever recorded in India.
 The PLFS of 2021-22 showed unemployment reducing to 4.1%, much lower than before,
but higher than some developed economies.
 The U.S unemployment rate fluctuated between 3.5% in July 2022 to 3.7% in July 2023.
 However, the economies of the U.S and India are very different.
 The former is more industrialised, while the latter is characterised by a large informal
sector.

Measuring unemployment in India

 According to a 2009-10 survey undertaken by the National Sample Survey Organisation

(NSSO), 33.3% of rural women and 27.2% of urban women aged 15 and above who were
engaged in domestic work reported willingness to work if it were made available within
the premises of the household.
 This represents 18.8% of the rural female population aged 15 and up; the labour force
participation rate (LFPR) for rural women that year was 26.5%

What are the different methods for measuring unemployment in India?

Usual Principal and Subsidiary Status (UPSS):

 Considers one’s main activity over the past year.

 If someone worked for seven months and was unemployed for five, they are still
considered employed under this method.

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Current Weekly Status (CWS):

 Focuses on an individual’s employment status over the past week.

 A person is deemed employed if they’ve worked at least an hour in the past week.
 This method often shows higher unemployment rates than UPSS because it captures
short-term joblessness.

Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy Approach:

 Classifies people based on their activity the day before the interview.
 It often reports a higher unemployment rate but lower labor force participation rates
because of its focus on daily activity.

What are the challenges for measuring unemployment in India?

Informal Economy:

 Many Indians don’t have a single, year-round job.

 People might work as a casual laborer one month and as a farmer another, making it
hard to consistently classify their employment status.

Social and Cultural Norms:

 Many women, particularly in rural areas, might be willing to work but aren’t actively
searching due to societal constraints.
 In a 2009-10 survey, 33.3% of rural women showed willingness to work if
available within their household.

Varied Employment Definitions:

 Methods like Usual Principal and Subsidiary Status (UPSS) and Current Weekly Status
(CWS) have different time frames and criteria, leading to different unemployment
rates.
 For instance, UPSS considers someone employed if they worked seven months in a
year, even if unemployed for five.

Lockdown Impact:
 The 2020 lockdown greatly affected the Indian economy.
 Its effects might not be accurately reflected in yearly unemployment rates, given the
long-term (UPSS) and short-term (CWS) measures used.

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Urban vs. Rural Dynamics:

 Unemployment rates are often lower in rural areas due to the nature of agrarian work,
even if joblessness exists.

Conclusion
Measuring unemployment in India is difficult due to the informal nature of jobs. Unlike
developed economies, individuals do not hold one job year-round.To successfully tackle
it, it is important to understand how it is defined and measured in a developing economy.

FOREIGN TRADE
Trend, Composition, Structure and direction of India's Foreign
Trade. India's Balance of payments situation in post reforms period.

WTO: Agreement on Investment Facilitation for Development (IFA)

Context: Recently (July 2023) over 110 (it does not include India) of the WTO 164 members
concluded text-based negotiations on the Agreement on Investment Facilitation for
Development (IFA)

What is the Agreement on Investment Facilitation for Development (IFA)?

 The Agreement on Investment Facilitation for Development (IFA) is a WTO-negotiated
agreement designed to create a more investor-friendly business environment by
simplifying investment procedures and promoting transparency and predictability for
foreign direct investment (FDI), particularly in developing and least-developed
countries.

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 It is meant to create legally binding provisions aimed at facilitating investment flows.

What IFA doesn’t cover?

 IFA does not cover areas like market access, investment protection, government
procurement, specific subsidies, or investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS).
 In essence, the IFA is not aimed at liberalising investment policies. Its objective is to
simplify investment procedures.

Investment facilitation and Investment promotion:

 The difference between investment facilitation and investment promotion is that
promotion focuses on presenting a location as an attractive investment destination,
while facilitation aims to simplify the process for foreign investors to establish or
expand their businesses by addressing practical challenges they may face.

Reasons for India’s Non-Participation in IFA Talks:

Fear of Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS):
 There is an apprehension that foreign investors could use a future IFA to bring claims
under the existing Bilateral Investment Treaties (BITs).

Most Favoured Nation (MFN) provision in BITs:

 Foreign investors may use the MFN provision in BITs to import terms from the IFA that
they believe to be more favourable than those provided in the underlying BIT.

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Concerns about WTO’s Mandate:

 India believes that investment matters are beyond the World Trade Organization’s
scope and prefers bilateral negotiations for investment provisions.

Opposition to Plurilateral Agreements:

 India opposes plurilateral agreements within the WTO, as they do not follow the
consensus decision-making process.

Concerns About ‘Most Favoured Nation’ (MFN) Provisions:

 India is wary of including MFN provisions in the IFA due to past negative experiences,
including repercussions faced after including an MFN provision in its Australia Bilateral
Investment Treaty (BIT).

Legally binding dispute settlement:

 The apprehension that foreign investors could use a future IFA to bring claims under
the existing BITs.
 India has terminated its older bilateral investment treaties (BITs) and is in the process
of negotiating new agreements based on its 2016 Model BIT text

About WTO:
World Trade Organization (WTO) is a member-driven, consensus-based
intergovernmental organisation that regulates and facilitates international trade between
nations. It officially began operations on January 1, 1995, in accordance with the 1994
Marrakesh Agreement.

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Issues and limitations of WTO

Undemocratic Structure:
 The WTO is often criticized for being undemocratic, with its structure enabling richer
countries to win what they desire.

Slow Progress:
 Trade rounds have been notoriously slow and difficult to reach an agreement.
Insecurity:
 The WTO’s primary concern is to govern and maintain trade conditions, which can
lead to insecurity.

Unfair Practices:
 There are concerns that the WTO’s practices can be unfair.

Disregard for Labor Rights:

 Critics argue that the WTO disregards labor rights.

Bias Towards Multinationals:

The WTO is often accused of favoring multinational corporations.

Environmental Impact:
Critics argue that the WTO’s policies can harm the environment.

Lack of Transparency:
There is a problem in WTO negotiations as there is no agreed definition of what
constitutes a developed or developing country at the WTO.

E-commerce & Digital Trade:

WTO rules have not kept pace with the significant changes in the global trade landscape,
particularly in relation to e-commerce and digital trade.

Agriculture and Development Issues:

The WTO Agreement on Agriculture has been a point of contention.

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Institutional Issues:
The operations of the Appellate Body have been suspended since December 2019, as
blocking of appointments has left the body without a quorum of adjudicators needed to
hear appeals

The World Trade Organization (WTO) remains relevant for several reasons:

Global Interdependence:
The WTO is critical to maintaining global interdependence, which is vital to the economic
and security interests of all countries.

Trade Facilitation:
Despite the sluggishness in the world economy, global trade reached an astonishing
US$23 trillion last year. The WTO has been the primary guarantor of this extraordinary
growth.

Rules-Based Trading System:

The WTO remains the primary instrument governing a rules-based world trading system.

Negotiation Platform:
The WTO provides a platform for negotiation of trade agreements and a dispute resolution
process aimed at enforcing participants’ adherence to WTO agreements.

Avoiding Trade Wars:

If the WTO did not exist, trade could increasingly be used as a weapon to change other
countries’ policies.

Institutional Framework:
The WTO provides an institutional framework for the implementation and monitoring of
international trade laws.

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Promoting Fair Competition:

The WTO promotes fair competition and encourages development and economic reform.

Despite its limitations, the WTO plays a crucial role in facilitating international trade and
resolving trade disputes. It’s important to continue pushing for reforms within the
organization to address its shortcomings and make it more effective

Way forward:
 Updating Rules: Revise and modernize trade rules to encompass digital trade,
services, and other emerging sectors.
 Flexibility in Negotiations: Recognize the diverse needs of member countries, allowing
for flexible negotiations on specific issues.
 Henry Gao argues that countries must elect the appellate body members by resorting
to voting at the WTO’s General Council meeting.
 Transparency: Improve transparency in trade practices and negotiations to build trust
among member countries.
 Launch negotiations to address the intertwined issues of agricultural subsidies and
market access, while recognising that food security concerns will not disappear.

Conclusion
 The World Trade Organization remains an indispensable organisation but it requires
urgent modernisation. Members must face the reality that the organisation requires
non-cosmetic, serious root-and-branch reform for a WTO adapted to 21st-century
economic and political realities.

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KERALA ECONOMY

Economy of Kerala State-an overview, Population, Major agriculture, Industry,

Service sector issues. Infrastructure and resources, Major Developmental Projects,
Programmes and Schemes. Co-opeartive Sector. History and relevant policies in
traditional industries, IT Sector, Pravasi and Foreign remittance.

Zhen Hua from China to be first cargo vessel to call at Vizhinjam

Context: A project cargo vessel called Zhen Hua 15 – a general cargo built in 1989 and
now sailing under the flag of Hong Kong – has embarked on its maiden voyage to the
coast of Kerala from the East China Sea with one quay crane and two yard cranes
fabricated in China for the Vizhinjam international seaport.

Vizhinjam International Seaport Limited (VISL)

 The Vizhinjam project, which began on August 17, 2015

 The Vizhinjam International Deepwater Multipurpose Seaport is on the Arabian Sea
coast at the city of Trivandrum.
 It is a greenfield port
 It is proposed to follow the landlord port model.
 It has the intention of catering for passenger, container and other cargo shipping.

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 Vizhinjam International Seaport Limited (VISL) is a special-purpose government

company fully owned by Government of Kerala that would act as an implementing
agency.
 Vizhinjam is a natural port near the international ship route.
 Vizhinjam port will co-exist and compete with international ports including ports
of Colombo, Singapore and Dubai.

Note:
The idea for a port at Vizhinjam was first mooted by Travancore Diwan
Ramaswami Ayyar. However, the present under-construction port was originally
conceived about 25 years ago.

Difference between Public-Private Partnership and Landlord Model

About Landlord Port Model:

 In the landlord port model, the publicly governed port authority acts as a regulatory
body and as landlord while private companies carry out port operations—mainly
cargo-handling activities.

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 Here, the port authority maintains ownership of the port while the infrastructure is
leased to private firms that provide and maintain their own superstructure and
install own equipment to handle cargo.
 In return, the landlord port gets a share of the revenue from the private entity.
 The role of the landlord port authority would be to carry out all public sector services
and operations such as the award of bids for cargo terminals and dredging.

KERALA MODEL DEVELOPMENT

(Land reforms, Social security, devolution of Power, Decentralised Planning,
Housing, Tourism, Women Empowerment, Social Welfare Schemes, Disaster
Management. Role and Function of Kerala Planning Board, Achievements of Kerala
in Health and Education Sector: Policies, Programmes, Initiatives and Impacts.

With eye on ecology, State to focus on green tourism

Context: Kerala has made a paradigm shift towards promoting, supporting and
sustainingGreen Tourism and more such initiatives will be taken up to strengthen the
model with greater emphasis on preserving the State’s ecology, culture and heritage.

What is Green Tourism?

Green tourism also known as sustainable tourism, eco-tourism, or responsible tourism,

is a form of tourism that focuses on minimizing the negative impact of travel and
promoting environmental conservation and social responsibility.

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Green tourism aims to create a balance between economic growth and environmental
and social responsibility, allowing tourists to enjoy travel experiences while also
contributing to the preservation of the natural and cultural heritage of the destination.

Why is green tourism important?

Green tourism is important because it supports environmental conservation, economic

development, cultural preservation, climate change mitigation, and personal growth.
Green tourism, also known as ecotourism or sustainable tourism, is important for
several reasons.
 Environmental conservation
 Economic development
 Cultural preservation
 Climate change mitigation
 Personal growth
 Reducing environmental pollution
 Wildlife protection
 Community involvement
 Education and awareness
 Long-term sustainability

Environmental conservation
 Green tourism promotes the conservation of natural resources, wildlife, and
ecosystems.
 It encourages tourists to appreciate and respect nature and to minimize their impact
on the environment.

Economic development
 Sustainable tourism can provide economic benefits to local communities by creating
jobs and generating income.
 This can help to alleviate poverty and improve the standard of living for residents.

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Cultural preservation
 Green tourism often involves visiting remote and rural areas where local cultures and
traditions are still intact.
 This can help to preserve and promote cultural diversity.

Climate change mitigation

 Sustainable tourism can help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by promoting low-
carbon transportation, energy-efficient accommodations, and sustainable food
practices.

Personal growth
 Green tourism can provide a unique and enriching travel experience that encourages
personal growth and learning.
 It can help tourists to develop a deeper appreciation and understanding of the natural
world and different cultures.

Reducing environmental pollution

 Green tourism promotes responsible travel practices, such as reducing waste,
conserving water and energy, and using eco-friendly products.
 This can help to reduce pollution and minimize the negative impacts of tourism on the
environment.

Wildlife protection
 Ecotourism often involves visiting natural areas where wildlife habitats are preserved.
 This can help to protect endangered species and support conservation efforts.

Community involvement
 Sustainable tourism encourages community involvement in tourism development and
decision-making.
 This can help to ensure that tourism benefits are shared fairly among residents and
that their voices are heard in tourism planning and management.

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Education and awareness

 Green tourism can raise awareness about environmental and social issues and
promote sustainable living practices.
 This can help to inspire tourists to make positive changes in their own lives and
contribute to global efforts to address these challenges.
Long-term sustainability
 Sustainable tourism aims to balance economic, environmental, and social
considerations in tourism development and management.
 This can help to ensure that tourism is sustainable in the long term and that future
generations can also benefit from the natural and cultural resources that tourism
provides.

The United Nations World Tourism Organisation (UNWTO) has chosen‘Tourism

and Green Investments’ as the theme of this year’s World Tourism Day.

Types of Green Tourism

 There are several types of green tourism, each with its own focus and approach to
sustainable tourism. Here are some of the most common types
 The types of green tourism include cultural tourism, wildlife tourism, geotourism,
health and wellness tourism, and volunteer tourism.
 Each type has a different focus and approach to promoting sustainable tourism.

Ecotourism
 This type of green tourism involves visiting natural areas and engaging in activities
that promote conservation and environmental awareness.
 Ecotourism aims to minimize the impact of tourism on the environment and
support local conservation efforts.

Agritourism
 Agritourism involves visiting farms and rural areas to learn about local agriculture,
food production, and rural lifestyles.
 This type of tourism supports sustainable agriculture and promotes awareness about
food systems and environmental sustainability.

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Community-based tourism
 Community-based tourism involves working with local communities to develop and
manage tourism activities that benefit both tourists and residents.
 This type of tourism promotes cultural exchange, community development, and
sustainable livelihoods.

Adventure tourism
 Adventure tourism involves engaging in outdoor activities, such as hiking, rafting, and
climbing, that promote environmental awareness and appreciation of natural areas.
 This type of tourism often involves using eco-friendly equipment and practices to
minimize environmental impact.

Sustainable tourism
 Sustainable tourism aims to balance economic, environmental, and social
considerations in tourism development and management.
 This type of tourism promotes responsible travel practices and supports local
communities and conservation efforts.

Cultural tourism
 Cultural tourism involves visiting destinations to learn about the history, traditions,
and cultural practices of a particular region or community.
 This type of tourism supports the preservation and promotion of local cultural
heritage.

Wildlife tourism
 Wildlife tourism involves visiting natural areas to observe and learn about wildlife
in their natural habitat.
 This type of tourism promotes conservation efforts and responsible wildlife viewing
practices.

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Geotourism
 Geotourism involves visiting destinations to learn about the geological features and
processes of a particular region or area.
 This type of tourism promotes awareness about earth sciences and environmental
sustainability.

Health and wellness tourism

 Health and wellness tourism involves visiting destinations to engage in activities that
promote physical and mental health, such as yoga, meditation, and spa treatments.
 This type of tourism often incorporates eco-friendly and sustainable practices.

Volunteer tourism
 Volunteer tourism involves participating in community development or conservation
projects as part of a tourism experience.
 This kind of tourism encourages civic engagement and aids in the local community’s
sustainable development.

Which country is an example of green tourism?

 There are many countries that are implementing sustainable tourism practices and
promoting green tourism. One country that is often cited as an example of green
tourism is Costa Rica.
 Costa Rica has made significant efforts to promote ecotourism and sustainable
tourism practices.
 The country has a diverse range of natural and cultural attractions, including
rainforests, beaches, volcanoes, and wildlife reserves.
 The government and tourism industry in Costa Rica have worked together to develop
a sustainable tourism strategy that includes protecting natural areas, supporting local
communities, and promoting responsible travel practices.

Conclusion
Kerala has been a pioneer in leveraging tourism for grass-root level economic and social
development and empowerment of women and youth.

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Arogya Manthan award for State for providing free medical care to
most number of people

Context: Kerala has once again won the Arogya Manthan award 2023, for providing free
medical care to the maximum number of people.

Arogya Manthan 2023

The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is organising Arogya Manthan to celebrate 5
years of Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana and 2 years of Ayushman
Bharat Digital Mission.

Aim
 To have insightful discussions and deliberations on challenges, trends, and best
practices related to the two schemes.
 Hosted by - National Health Authority (NHA), Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
(MoHFW).
 Both the flagship healthcare schemes aim to provide accessible, available, affordable
and scalable healthcare to achieve the vision of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in
India.

National Health Authority (NHA)

 It is the apex body responsible for implementing Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri
Jan Arogya Yojana.
 It has been entrusted with the role of designing strategy, building technological
infrastructure and implementation of Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission to create a
National Digital Health Eco-system.
 National Health Authority is the successor of the National Health Agency.
 Ayushman Bharat Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (AB PM-JAY)
 Launch – In 2018 as recommended by the National Health Policy 2017.

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 Aim – It is a progression towards promotive, preventive, curative, palliative and

rehabilitative aspects of Universal Healthcare.
 It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme having central sector component under Ayushman
Bharat Mission.
 Ministry - Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (MoHFW).
 It was launched to achieve the vision of Universal Health Coverage (UHC).

It consists of two components

 Health and wellness Centres and Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PM-JAY)
 The Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) was founded along with this scheme to
make healthcare more convenient for citizens.
 Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM)
 Launched - 2021.
 Aim - To develop the backbone necessary to support the integrated digital health
infrastructure of the country.
 It will bridge the existing gap amongst different stakeholders of Healthcare
ecosystem through digital highways.
 The ABDM aims to provide Unique Digital Health IDs (UHID) for all Indian citizens to
help hospitals, insurance firms, and citizens access health records electronically
when required.
 National Health Authority (NHA) under the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare will
be the implementing Agency.

Kerala and Arogya Samman 2023

 The State’s health insurance scheme in alignment with AB PM-JAY, Karunya Arogya
Suraksha Padhati, won the award for the scheme with the highest utilisation by
beneficiaries.
 Apart from the award for the State which provided free medical care to the maximum
people under KASP (scheme utilisation), Kerala also received the award for the best
service provision for the blind beneficiaries of KASP, by introducing treatment cards
in Braille.
 This is the third consecutive year that Kerala is winning the Arogya Manthan
award for the best scheme utilisation

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 The award is an acknowledgement of the State government’s untiring efforts to

provide free medical care to everyone.
 the government provided free medical care worth ₹3,200 crore through KASP and
allied schemes. In two years, 13 lakh beneficiaries of KASP were provided free care
through 30 lakh treatment claims.
 Though the previous year, the NHA provided just ₹151 crore as its share under KASP,
the rest of the amount was borne entirely by the State.
 KASP is being implemented by the State Health Agency, which empanelled 613
hospitals

Draft framework calls for use of VR and AR for tech-friendly

education

Context: The draft Kerala Curriculum Framework (KCF) for school education calls for
arrangements to make use of virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) in
schools.
How Interactive technologies can help overcome situations where direct experiences
cannot be provided
 Technology can also help provide education suited to students’ abilities.
 For instance, it can be of great benefit to differently abled students, in inclusive
education.
 Information and Communications Technology can also be used in continuous and
comprehensive evaluation and preparation of profile and digital portfolio.
 New digital textbooks can be made available in an interactive and disabled-friendly
way.
 Digital copies of resources other than textbooks can be made available on the
education portal to be used as reference.
 The draft says chat boxes and artificial intelligence should also be used to make the
search for such resources easier.

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Augmented Reality
 Augmented reality (AR for short) is defined as "the real-time use of information
in the form of text, graphics, audio, or other virtual enhancements integrated
with real-world objects."
 It involves overlaying visual, auditory, or other sensory information onto the
world to enhance one's experience.
Applications of Augmented Reality
Education:
 language translation.
Defense and Security:
 can recognize criminals in huge crowds.
 improving the situational awareness of the soldiers. (Tactical Augmented Reality).
 Can replace the handheld GPS
Advertising:
 e-commerce brands can use AR to help consumers shop and visualize products before
they buy them
 Retail companies help customers envisage aesthetics while redesigning the interiors.
 Jaguar Land Rover puts prospective car buyers in the virtual driver’s seat of its latest
models without visiting the dealership.
Healthcare:
 Replacing the traditional handheld ultrasound scanners.
 It will help in locating the blood vessels very accurately
 Google Glass and other Head-up Displays (HUD) put AR directly into the glasses.
Pharmaceuticals:
 AR would help Drug developers to step inside the molecule and determine the drug’s
movement and response to different stimuli and situations.
 This will reduce errors and reduce the years-long drug development cycle.
Logistics:
 Optimizing warehouse operations, transportation , last-mile delivery and enhanced
value-added services.
 Scanning the product’s QR code could provide wholesome information on the screen.

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Social Media:
 Various filters on Snapchat and Instagram are nothing but Augmented Reality.
 Pokemon is one of the most famous games to hit a big chord with the public.
Virtual Reality
 Virtual reality (VR) refers to a computer-generated simulation in which a person can
interact within an artificial three-dimensional environment using electronic devices,
such as special goggles with a screen or gloves fitted with sensors.
 In this simulated artificial environment, the user is able to have a realistic-feeling
experience.

Applications of VR

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Legislation to legalise patta land violations in Kerala

Context: Amid the concerns about whether the Bill to amend the Kerala Government
Land Assignment Act, 1960 will trigger unbridled construction in patta lands, the
Assembly passed the Kerala Government Land Assignment (Amendment) Bill, 2023.

Changes brought by the Land Assignment (Amendment) Bill, 2023

 The Bill empowers the State government to regularise any contravention of the
conditions attached to the patta and that of the rules made after the enactment of
the Act in 1960.
 It also allows the government to permit the assignee of land to use the land assigned
for purposes other than for which the land was assigned.
 If the title holder now wants to use this land assigned to him for purposes other than
to have a roof over his head and agriculture, this amendment grants the government
the right to sanction these.
 So, the amendments not only pardon the violations of the past but also strike out
these from the list of the past but also strike out these from the list of violations.

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What does the the Land Assignment Act, of 1960 say?

 As per the 1960 Act, the land assigned to the beneficiary should be used only for the
purpose (mostly agriculture purpose and constructing houses) for which it was
assigned.
 But over the years, the assignees were forced to use the land for other purposes
including constructing buildings and even other commercial activities.

Why the amendments?

 Lands have been assigned under the LA Act indiscriminately and without proper
scrutiny, especially after the tourism boom of the nineties.
 Around four lakh acres of government land have thus been distributed to the
supposedly landless in the Idukki district alone.
 The government turned a blind eye to the violations of the LA rules.
 Even the increase in fake LA deeds was ignored; 'Raveendran pattayams' and
'Vrindavan pattayams' are some of the notorious fake deeds.
 As the LA community grew, so did their needs. Townships sprung up. Hospitals,
educational institutions and places of worship, though prohibited under the Act,
became a necessity.
 After the 2018 floods, the intervention of the Kerala High Court prompted the Idukki
district collector to impose severe restrictions on construction in 13 panchayats in
Idukki.
 Any new construction required a no-objection certificate from the revenue
department.
 Infuriated, settler groups in Idukki approached the court saying they were deprived of
the rights LA landholders in other parts of Kerala enjoyed.
 The High Court, rather than freeing Idukki from the alleged discrimination, extended
the restrictions to all assigned lands in Kerala.
 The Supreme Court seconded.
 From powerful farms and mining lobbies to the poorest settlers were affected.
 The only way to supersede the courts was to amend the original LA Act.

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What will be the consequences of the new amendment?

 The possibility of indiscriminate and unscientific constructions and an increase in
mining activities in the ecologically fragile Western Ghats.
 The commercial value of land will increase, prompting title-deed holders to sell it to
big corporate players.
 High non-agricultural activity in the Western Ghats would worsen man-animal conflict.
 The eco-restoration of these fragile tracts becomes impossible.
 Now that old wrongs have been sanctified, the 40-odd resorts that were demolished
by VS Achuthanandan in 2007, and had gone to court, will find their arguments against
the government's anti-encroachment drive in Munnar acquiring fresh legal muscle.
Conclusion
 In conclusion, the issue of legalizing patta land violations in Kerala is a complex and
multifaceted one that demands careful consideration of both the legal and social
implications.
 The decision to legalize patta land violations in Kerala should be made with the best
interests of the state's residents and its long-term sustainable development in mind.

As Kerala ages ahead of other states, elderly care a major worry

Context: By 2036, 22.8% of Kerala's population will be senior citizens, higher than the
projected national average of 15%, according to a report by the UN Fund for Population
Activities. The state's elderly population share in 2021 was 16.5%.

Highlights of the report

 The report also highlights the "feminization of ageing," with women having a longer
life expectancy at 60 compared to men.
 Elderly women, who often end up alone and dependent on their families for
support, are a major concern.

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What are the concerns with regards to this report?

 The state, already facing the challenges of elderly care, will also have to confront a
'feminization of ageing' factor, as the life expectancy at 60 - the average number of
years a person aged 60 is expected to live - for women is 22 years, four more than
men.
 The care of elderly women is a major concern as many of them end up alone, widowed
with no income, fewer assets and thus dependent on family for support.
 The report has called for prioritisation of programs and policies for a healthier life in
states where the life expectancy at 75 years exceeds a decade. The state's population
share in this category is 9.9% against 9.1% nationally.

What are the reasons for rising age population in Kerala?

 The rise in the aging population is a direct result of investments by the government
and society in addressing the social determinants of health; in education, social
protection and health.
 It's an achievement to be celebrated, for we all wish to live a long and healthy life.

What are the problems faced by elderly population in Kerala?

 The prevalence of multimorbidity at 52.2% in the state, against 23.3% in India, and
24.7% of this population has no income.
 The economic situation of most of the elderly is pathetic in the state.
 Welfare programmes are not reaching a good majority of them.
 The pension that this population gets is spent on their monthly medications alone

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What steps can be taken to protect the elderly population?

 A social security pension with more focus on health and well-being of individuals is
of prime importance.
 Programs that support life-long learning and decent work in later can be given priority.
 The report, focusing on the care of the elderly, highlights two major programs —
Vayomithram and Pakalveedu — implemented in the state with the help of civil society
groups and senior citizen organisations.

Vayomithram

 Iinitiated by the Kerala Social Security Mission,

 It supports healthcare and treatment through mobile clinics for people aged above
65.
 This is implemented through local bodies, but it has yet to reach all villages.

Pakalveedu (day home)

 It started off well under the comprehensive mental health program, but has been
hindered by lack of funds, building spaces, and the pandemic

Other schemes for elderly people

Vayo Amrutham project

 The Social Justice Department with the support of Indian System of Medicine
department has implemented this new initiative in Govt run Old age homes for the
treatment of inmates who are suffering from health problems.
 Majority of cases treated as health ailments Diabetes, Asthma, Skin diseases, Arthritis,
eye and ear diseases, etc.
 Health care also includes palliative care for bedridden and couselling.
 As part of this scheme Ayurvedic treatment is being provided to the Inmates belonging
to all the Government Old Age Homes functioning under Social Justice Department.

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Vayoraksha scheme for Senior Citizens

Aims & Objectives

a. The key objective of the scheme is to aid and support to the needy elderly population
during crisis.
b. Provide emergency medical aid to the destitute and downtrodden elderly persons.
c. Ensure availability of care givers for bedridden senior citizens.
d. Provide rehabilitation for those who need care and protection.
e. Deliver legal aid for senior citizens.
f. Create a comfortable environment for senior citizens while ensuring their physical and
mental well-being.

Vayomadhuram scheme

 Provides glucometers freely to elderly diabetic persons coming under the BPL
category.
 Under this scheme, the department will provide glucometers to 1000 diabetic old age
persons in each district.

Mandahasam-Scheme

 The department would prepare a list of dental colleges and dental treatment centres
from where the beneficiaries could avail treatment.
 It would also ensure the quality of artificial tooth and quality treatment by setting
standards and norms.

‘Sayamprabha Home’

 Provides Day Care facilities in co-operation with LSGD institutions.

 These Day care centres will provide the most required services and help on a barrier
free platform to the old age people in their age of need.
 These day care facilities offer an opportunity for the senior citizens to mingle with
their own age group

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GEOGRAPHY
1) General Geography: Solar system, Motion of Earth, Concept of time, Seasons,
Internal structure of the Earth, Major Landforms and their features. Atmosphere –
Structure and Composition, elements and factors of Climate, Air Masses and Fronts,
atmospheric disturbances.Oceans: Physical, Chemical and Biological characteristics,
Hydrological Disasters, Marine and Continental Resources 2) Physical, Social,
Economic Geography of World, India and Kerala 3) Geophysical phenomena like
Earthquake, Tsunami, Volcanoes, Cyclone, Flood, Landslides.

General Geography
Galactic tides: Pushing and pulling the heavens

Context: Just as the earth’s oceans at their shores, the universe’s galaxies also
experience tides, but on a much larger scale. Galactic tides are caused by gravitational
forces within a galaxy, arising in the interactions between celestial objects such as stars
and gas clouds.

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What are Galactic Tides?

 Galactic tides are a gravitational phenomenon that occurs within galaxies, including
our Milky Way.
 They are similar to Earth’s ocean tides but on a much larger scale.
 They are caused by gravitational forces within a galaxy arising in the interactions
between celestial objects like stars and gas clouds.

How does Galactic Tides influence various aspects of a galaxy’s evolution?

 Firstly, they can reshape a galaxy structure by creating tidal tails and bridges,
promoting star formation, and disrupting smaller star systems.
 Secondly, they can disrupt the orbits of stars, leading to gradual and long-term
changes in a galaxy’s structure.
 Thirdly, galactic tides also have a say in the ways in which proximate galaxies do and
don’t interact.
 Researchers have observed the closest galaxy to the Milky Way, the colossal
Andromeda, and found that tidal streams near its edges could be signatures of dwarf
galaxies that were later devoured.
 The Andromeda galaxy is heading towards the Milky Way and will collide in four billion
years.
 Fourthly, they also affect the supermassive black holes at galaxy centers, leading to
events that change the ways in which these cosmic beasts interact with nearby stars.

Indian Geography

Protecting floodplains is the need of the hour

Context: Humanity is struggling with a shortage of water as well as an excess. As the
World Health Organization stated, “Floods are increasing in frequency and intensity, and
the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation is expected to continue to increase
due to climate change.”

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Floods in India

 The 2013 floods in Uttarakhand, the 2014 floods in the Kashmir Valley, the 2015 floods
in Chennai, and the 2017 floods in Gujarat all caused loss of lives and livelihoods and
massive damage to infrastructure.
 This year too, we saw the devastating effects of rain-induced floods and landslides
in several districts of Himachal Pradesh.
 The Yamuna water level crossed the 208.5 metre mark, breaking a 45-year-old record.
All these disasters point to the severity of the situation and the urgent need to tackle
it.

Damage by the floods

 As per the Geological Survey of India, over 40 million hectares, which is nearly 12% of
the total land area of India, is prone to floods.
 The severity and frequency of floods has especially affected our cities, where there is
little effort made in maintaining natural topography.
 Cities expand fast and mostly in a haphazard manner, which makes them vulnerable
to disasters.
 Flooding affects the economy too — Indian cities are projected to contribute to 75%
of the GDP by 2030.
 India primarily relies on the Disaster Management Act, 2005, and the rules made in
pursuance of the Act, to deal with flood management.
 But this law is meant to deal with multi-hazard risks and is not specifically focused
on flood risk management.
 As per the Act, disasters cannot be predicted. This is not entirely correct, especially
with respect to the frequency and intensity of floods.

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Change in strategy

 Disaster risks across the world are found to be situated within environmental and
natural resource governance.
 While the protection strategy includes technical measures such as the laying of dikes,
temporary flood defence walls, and polders, the key elements of the management
strategy are retention of water and restoration of floodplains.
 In India, there are large-scale encroachments on floodplains. These increase the
frequency of floods and the damage caused by them.
 Illegal construction work in floodplains reduces the capacity of rivers to contain a high
level of water within their banks.
 This is especially the case during heavy rainfall when water flows down from upper
catchment areas.
 Thus, the tendency to occupy floodplains results in flooding. Uttarakhand has been
neglecting eco-sensitive floodplains by allowing the construction of guest houses and
hotels on the river front to promote tourism and boost its economy.
 Floods do not merely show the fury of nature; they are also often brought about by
climate change-induced rainfall. This especially impacts mountainous regions such as
the Himalayas.
 Laws in India which are meant to protect the environment are not implemented.
 While there are central policy measures to protect floodplains, they are mostly non-
binding on States. No State in India has been able to prevent encroachment on
floodplains.

Preserve ecosystems

 There are many experiences around the world which point to the potential benefits of
protecting and preserving ecosystems such as wetlands, forests, lakes, and coastal
areas in reducing physical exposure to natural hazards such as floods, landslides or
avalanches by serving as buffers.
 Flood plain restoration and water retention of water bodies are considered to be
pillars against flooding.

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 Climate change adaptation is a cross-sectoral issue. It involves laws relating to land

use, preservation of water bodies, coastal regulations, and environmental impact
assessment.
 Thus, it is complex; a multitude of laws need to be integrated into a coherent
framework. The purpose will not be served if, for instance, a law to tackle climate
change is passed by Parliament while changes to land use and the preservation of
water bodies are not made.

Way forward

 However, achieving this requires strong political will. Populist leaders tend to refrain
from implementing “green” policies. This must change if we want to save lives and
livelihoods and safeguard infrastructure.

Kerala Geography

Kole wetlands of Kerala

Context: Thrissur-Ponnani Kole wetlands of Kerala has recently been threatened by
Cabomba furcuta, an alien invasive species.

About the Kole wetlands of Kerala:

 Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands is a Ramsar site lying in Thrissur and Malappuram

districts of Kerala.
 It gives 40% of the Kerala’s rice requirement and acts as a natural drainage system for
Kerala’s cities.

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 It is one of largest, highly productive and threatened wetlands in Kerala.

 It lies on the Central Asian Flyway of migratory birds.

Avifauna:

spot-billed pelican, darter, Oriental darter, black-headed ibis, painted stork, black-
bellied tern, cinereous vulture and greater spotted eagle

Fishes:

Caranx, Cyprinidae, mangrove red snapper, Megalops cyprinoides and barramundi

The invasive species in Kole wetlands:

 Cabomba furcuta, also known as Pink Bloom, due its massive flowering, has
threatened the kole fields, in addition to water hyacinth and Salvinia molesta (giant
salvinia).
 Cabomba furcuta, a native of central and south America, was brought to Kerala as an
aquarium plant and has escaped to the wild.
 Cabomba furcuta is also a threat to the kole fields, which produce a majority of state
required paddy.

Government efforts to conserve the wetland:

 The Union Government has approved project for the development of Thrissur Kole
fields including infrastructure development, construction of bunds, canals, roads and
farm mechanisation in Kole fields.
 Kole Development Agency (KDA) is formed to investigate its implementation.

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About the Cabomba furcuta:

 Cabomba furcuta is the submerged perennial aquatic plant that grows in stagnant to
slow-flowing freshwater.
 It is invasive as it is fast growing in water bodies via active stem propagation, hindering
penetration of light into the water.
 Cabomba furcuta requires a large quantity of oxygen for its growth will choke water
bodies and drainage canals.
 It causes decline in diversity of native aquatic plants and causes economic losses by
affecting yield of freshwater fishes.
 It can be controlled by its mechanical removal from the waterbody and drying them
in terrestrial spaces.

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10th 12th Precise Facts

 19- മത് ഏഷ്യൻ ഗെയിിംസിഗെ ഉദ്ഘാടന ചടങ്ങിൽ ഇന്ത്യൻ പതാകയയന്ത്ുന്ന കായിക

താരങ്ങൾ?

ഹർമൻ പ്രീത് സ ിംഗ് (യ ാക്കി കയാപ്റൻ) ലവ് ല ന ബ ൊർഗഗൊബഹയ്ൻ (യ ാക്സിങ്

താരിം )

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ഏറവുിം മികച്ച വിയനാദസഞ്ചാര ഗ്ൊമമായി തിരഗെടുക്കഗെട്ടത്?

രശ്ച മ ിംഗൊള ബല മുർഷ ദൊ ൊദ് ജ ല്ലയ ബല ക രീഗേശ്വര പ്ഗൊമിം

 പുതിയ പാർെഗമെിഗെ ആദയഗെ സയേളനിം നടന്നത് എന്നാണ്?

2023 ബസര്റിം ർ 19

 പുതിയ പാർെഗമെിൽ അവതരിെിച്ച ആദയഗെ ിൽ?

വന തൊ സിംവരണ ൽ ( ില്ലിഗെ യപര് നാരീശക്തി വന്ദൻ അധിനിയിം,

യൊക്സഭയിെുിം സിംസ്ഥാന നിയമസഭകളിെുിം ഗമാെിം സീറുകളുഗട മൂന്നിഗൊന്ന്

(33% ) വനിതകൾക്ക് സിംവരണിം ഗചയ്യാൻ വയവസ്ഥ ഗചയ്യുന്ന ില്ലാണ് ഇത്)

 പഴയ പാർെഗമന്റ് നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന യപര്?

സിംവ ധൊൻ സദൻ (ഭരണഘടനാ മന്ദിരിം)

 2023 ഏഷ്യ കെ് ഗ്കിക്കറ് കിരീട യേതാക്കൾ?

ഇന്ത്യ (ഫൈനെിൽ ഗ്ശീെങ്കഗയ പെ് വിക്കറിന് പരാേയഗെടുെി)

 ഏറവുിം ഉയർന്ന യെെ തുക െഭിച്ച ഇന്ത്യൻ ആർട്ടിസ്റ്റിഗെ ചിഗ്തിം?

ദ ഗറൊറ ബേല്ലർ (ചിഗ്തിം വരച്ചത് അമൃത യഷ്ർെിൽ)

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 യകരളെിഗെ കാർഷ്ികയമഖെകൾ തിരിച്ച് യപാഷ്ക ഗ്പാധാനയമുള്ള വിളകളുഗട

ഉത്പാദനിം വർദ്ധിെിക്കുന്നതിനായി കൃഷ്ി വകുെ് ആരിംഭിച്ച പദ്ധതി ?

ഗരൊഷക സമൃദ്ധ മ ഷൻ

 സാധാരണക്കാർക്ക് കുറെ ഗചെവിൽ എ സി സ് യാഗ്ത ഒരുക്കുന്ന

ഗകഎസ്ആർടിസിയുഗട പുതിയ സർവീസ്?

ജനത സർവീസ്

 യകരളെിഗെ അധികാര വിയകഗ്ന്ദീകരണിം പാഠ്യപദ്ധതിയിൽ ഉൾഗെടുെിയ

ഗ്തിഭുവൻ യൂണിയവഴ്സിറി ഏതു രാേയെ്?

ഗനപ്പൊൾ

 സതയേിെ് യറ ൈിെിിം ആൻഡ് ഗടെിവിഷ്ൻ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറയൂട്ടിഗെ ഗ്പസിഡണ്ുിം

െയവണിിംെ് കൗൺസിൽ ഗചയർമാനുമായി നാമനിർയദശിം ഗചയ്യഗെട്ട മെയാള
ചെച്ചിഗ്ത താരിം?

സുഗരഷ് ഗഗൊര

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ ഫെറ് ൗസ് ഗൈസ്റ്റിവെിന് യവദിയാകുന്ന സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

ഗഗൊവ

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ കഗണ്യ്നർ തുറമുഖിം?

വ ഴ ഞ്ഞിം

 നയരഗ്ന്ദയമാദിയുഗട േന്മദിനയൊടനു ന്ധിച്ച് ‘നയമാ 11 യപായിന്റ് യഗ്പാഗ്ൊിം’

ഗ്പഖയാപിച്ച ഇന്ത്യൻ സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

മഹൊരൊപ്ര

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 ഭൂമിയുഗട ഉെരാർഥയൊളിം ഏറവുിം കൂടുതൽ ചുട്ടുഗപാള്ളിയ യവനൽക്കാെിം

എന്ന ഗറയക്കാർഡ് റിയൊർട്ട് ഗചയ്ത വർഷ്ിം?

2023

 പരമ്പരാെത കരകൗശെ വിദെ്ധർക്കുിം ശിെ്പികൾക്കുിം സാമ്പെിക

സ ായിം ഉറൊക്കുന്നതിനുിം വിപണി കഗണ്െുന്നതിനുിം െക്ഷ്യമിട്ട് രൂപിം
ഗകാടുെ പദ്ധതി?

ര എിം വ ശ്വകർമ്മ വൊയ്ര രദ്ധത

 ഗേ എൻ യു ചാൻസിെറായി നിയമിതനാകുന്ന മുൻ വിയദശകാരയ ഗസഗ്കട്ടറി?

കൺവൽ സ ൽ

 ഇന്ത്യയിൽ ആദയമായി അഗ്െികൾച്ചർ ഡാറ എക്സയ് ചഞ്ച് ആരിംഭിച്ച

സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

ബതലുങ്കൊന

 2023 -ഗെ യനാർമൻ യ ാർയൊെ് ൈീൽഡ് അവാർഡ് യനടിയത്?

സവൊത നൊയക്

 ഇന്ത്യയിൽ ആദയമായി സ്ഗ്തീകഗള യക്ഷ്ഗ്ത പൂോരികളായി നിയമിക്കുന്ന

സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

തമ ഴ്നൊേ്

 12-മത് യവൾഡ് ാിം ു യകാൺഗ്െസ് (2024) യവദി?

തൊയ്വൊൻ

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 വിദയാഭയാസ വകുെുമായി സ കരിച്ച് അയൽക്കൂട്ട അിംെങ്ങഗള

സ്കൂളുകളിഗെെിച്ച് വിവിധ വിഷ്യങ്ങളിൽ പരിശീെനിം നൽകുന്നതിനുള്ള
കുടുിം ഗ്ശീ കയാമ്പയിൻ?

ത ര ബക സ്കൂള ൽ

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ ഗടന്നീസ് മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് വിരമിച്ച ഇന്ത്യൻ താരിം?

ഗരൊഹൻ ബ ൊപ്പണ്ണ

 2023 ഐസിസി യൊകകെിഗെ ഔയദയാെിക ൊനിം?

ദ ൽ ജഷ്ന ഗ ൊബല

 2024 -ഐസിസി പുരുഷ് ടവെി 20 യൊകകെ് യവദി?

യു എസ് എ, ബവറ് ഇൻഡീസ്

 ശങ്കരാചാരയരുഗട ഗ്പതിമയുിം (ഏകാത്മകതാ കി ഗ്പതിമ) മയൂസിയവുിം

സ്ഥാപിക്കഗെട്ട സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

മധയപ്രഗദശ്് (നർേദാ നദിക്കരയിൊണ് ഗ്പതിമയുിം മയൂസിയവുിം സ്ഥാപിച്ചത് )

 ഏഷ്യയിഗെ കായികതാരങ്ങൾ മാഗ്തിം പഗങ്കടുക്കുന്ന ഏറവുിം വെിയ

കായികയമളയായ ഏഷ്യൻ ഗെയിിംസ് 2023-ൽ എവിഗടയാണ് നടക്കുന്നത്?

ചൈനയ ബല ഹൊങ് ൈൗവ ൽ (സപ്തിം ർ 23 മുതൽ ഒയടാ ർ 8-വഗര)

 2023 ഗസ്റ്റപ് റിൽ യുഗനസ്യകായുഗട യൊക ഫപതൃക പട്ടികയിൽ ഇടിം യനടിയ

ഗ ായ്സാെ യക്ഷ്ഗ്തങ്ങൾ സ്ഥിതി ഗചയ്യുന്ന സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

കർണൊേക

163
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ യുഗനസ്യകാ യൊക ഫപതൃക പട്ടികയിൽ ഇടിം യനടിയ

ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ വിദയാഭയാസ സ്ഥാപനിം?

വ ശ്വ ഭൊരത സർവകലൊശ്ൊല (ശാന്ത്ിനിയകതൻ, പശ്ചിമ ിംൊൾ

ഇന്ത്യയിൽ നിന്നുിം യുഗനസ്യകാ യൊക ഫപതൃക പട്ടികയിൽ യനടുന്ന 41 മഗെ
സ്ഥെമാണ് ശാന്ത്ിനിയകതൻ)

 യകരളെിഗെ ഏറവുിം വെിയ പയെഡിയിം കൺഗവൻഷ്ൻ ഗസെർ

ഗ്പവർെനമാരിംഭിക്കുന്ന സ്ഥെിം?

കൊഞ്ഞങ്ങൊേ് (കാസർയകാട്)

 14- മത് യലാ ൽ സ്കിൽ ഉച്ചയകാടിയുഗട യവദി?

ഡൽഹ

 മികച്ച സാമൂ ിക ഗ്പവർെകർ ക്കായി ഏർഗെടുെിയതാണ് ഗ്പഥമ (2023)

ഉേൻചാണ്ി പുരസ്കാരിം െഭിച്ചത്?

ഗമധൊരകർ

 കുഷ്്ഠ് യരാെ നിർോർജ്ജനെിഗെ ഭാെമായി കുട്ടികളിഗെ യരാെിം തുടക്കെിൽ

തഗന്ന കഗണ്െുന്നതിനായി സിംസ്ഥാന സർക്കാർ ആരിംഭിക്കുന്ന കയാമ്പയിൻ?

ൊല മ പ്ത 2.0 (യദശീയ കുഷ്്ഠ്യരാെ നിർോർജ്ജന പരിപാടിയുഗട ഭാെമായി

ആയരാെയവകുെ് നടെിൊക്കുന്ന പരിപാടിയാണ്)

 യകരളെിന് അനുവദിച്ച രണ്ാമഗെ വയന്ദ ഭാരത് സർവീസ് നടെുന്നത്?

കൊസർഗകൊേ് -ത രുവനന്ത്രുരിം

 മ ാരാഗ്രയിഗെ ഔറിംെ ാദിഗെ പുതിയ യപര്?

ൈപ്തരത സൊിംഭൊജ നഗർ

164
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 മ ാരാഗ്രയിഗെ ഒസ്മാന ാദ് േില്ലയുഗട പുതിയ യപര്?

ധൊരൊ ശ് വ്

 യതയിെ ൈാടറിമാെിനയങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് ൈാർമസയൂട്ടിക്കൽ ഉൽെന്നങ്ങൾ, ഭക്ഷ്യ

ഉൽെന്നങ്ങൾ എന്നിവ വികസിെിച്ച സ്ഥാപനിം?

IIT ഗുവൊഹത്ത

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ അപൂർവ യൊ മായ വയനഡിയിം കഗണ്െിയ സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

ഗുജറൊത്ത്

 യുഗനസ്യകാ ഫപതൃക സ്മാരകമാക്കി ഗ്പഖയാപിച്ച ഗടൽ അൽ -സുൽൊൻ

ഗ്പയദശിം സ്ഥിതി ഗചയ്യുന്ന രാേയിം ?

രൊലസ്തീൻ (ഗേറീയക്കാ)

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ സർക്കാർ സ്കൂളുകളിൽ മുഖിം മറക്കുന്ന നഖാ ് നിയരാധിച്ച

അറ ് രാേയിം?

ഈജ ര്ത്

 4- മത് നദി ഉത്സവിന് യവദിയാകുന്നത്?

നയൂഡൽഹ

 2023- ഗെ പത്മഗ്പഭ പുരസ്കാര യേതാവ്?

സുഭൊഷ് ൈപ്രൻ

 ഇന്ത്യയുഗട േി 20 ഗ്പസിഡൻസിഗയ കുറിച്ചുള്ള ഇ – ുക്ക്?

രീപ്പ ൾസ് ജ 20

165
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 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ സിംസ്ഥാന തിരഗെടുെ് കേീഷ്ൻ ഗ്പസിദ്ധീകരിച്ച കരട് യവാട്ടർ

പട്ടികഗ്പകാരിം ഏറവുിം അധികിം യവാട്ടർമാരുള്ള പഞ്ചായെ്?

ഒളവണ്ണ (യകാഴിയക്കാട്, ഏറവുിം കുറവ് ഇടമെക്കുടി പഞ്ചായെ് ഇടുക്കി)

 2023 -ഗെ യദവരാേൻ ശക്തിൊഥാ പുരസ്കാര യേതാവ്?

എിം ജയൈപ്രൻ

 ഭാരതെിഗെ കൊസാിംസ്കാരിക ഫപതൃക ശക്തി ഗ്പചരിെിക്കാൻ ഉയേശിച്ച്

യദശീയതെെിൽ രൂപിം നൽകിയ ‘കൊകാന്ത്ി’ പദ്ധതിയുഗട ഭാെമായി
ഏർഗെടുെിയ ദുർൊഭാരത് സോൻ പുരസ്കാരെിന് അർ നായ മെയാളി
സാ ിതയകാരൻ?

േ രത്മനൊഭൻ

 2023 -ഗെ 45 മഗെ യൊക ഫപതൃക സമിതി യയാെെിഗെ യവദി?

റ യൊദ്

 ആദിവാസി തീരയദശ യമഖെകളിഗെ സ്കൂളുകളിഗെ തിരഗെടുെ 100

ഗപൺകുട്ടികളുഗട ഉന്നമനവുിം ശാക്തീകരണവുിം െക്ഷ്യമിട്ട് ഗഗ്പാേക്റ്
ഐഫറസിഗെ ഭാെമായി നടെിൊക്കുന്ന പദ്ധതി?

കളഗേഴ്സ് സൂപ്പർ 100

 2023-ൽ നിപ സ്ഥിരീകരിച്ച യകരളെിഗെ േില്ല?

ഗകൊഴ ഗകൊേ്

 ഗ്െീസ്, ൾയെറിയ, െി ിയ എന്നീ രാേയങ്ങളിൽ നാശിം വിതച്ച ചുഴെിക്കാറ്?

ഡൊന ഗയൽ

166
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 2023 -ഗെ യുഎസ് ഓെൺ ഗടന്നീസ് വനിത സിിംെിൾസിൽ കിരീടിം യനടിയത്?

ബകൊഗകൊ ഗൊഫ് (അയമരിക്ക)

 2023 -ഗെ യുഎസ് ഓെൺ ഗടന്നീസ് പുരുഷ് സിിംെിൾസിൽ കിരീടിം യനടിയത്?

ബനൊവൊക് ഗജൊഗകൊ വ ച്ച് (ഗസർ ിയ)

 2023 -ഗെ യകരള സർക്കാർ വിജ്ഞാപന ഗ്പകാരിം 4612 ചതുരഗ്ശ കിയൊമീറർ

വിസ്തീർണവുമായി വെിെെിൽ ഒന്നാമത് എെിയ യകരളെിഗെ േില്ല?

ഇേുക

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ സുകുമാർ അഴീയക്കാട് സാ ിതയ പുരസ്കാരെിന്

അർ നായത്?

ഗജൊർജ് ഓണകൂർ

 േനിതകഘടന കഗണ്െഗെട്ട ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ കടൽ മത്സയിം?

മത്ത (ഇന്ത്യയിൽ ആദയമായാണ് ഒരു കടൽ മത്സയെിഗെ േനിതകഘടന

കഗണ്െുന്നത് )

 കഥകളി കൊകാരനായ യകാട്ടക്കൽ ശിവരാമഗെ ആത്മകഥ?

സ്ചപ്തണിം ( കഥകളിയിൽ സ്ഗ്തീ യവഷ്ങ്ങൾ അവതരിെിക്കുന്ന കൊകാരനാണ്

യകാട്ടക്കൽ ശിവരാമൻ )

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ തായ്വാനിെുിം ഫചനയിെുിം കനെ നാശനരിം വിതച്ച

ചുഴെിക്കാറ്?

ചഹകുയ ൈുഴല കൊറ്

167
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 പൂർണ്ണമായുിം വനിതകളുഗട യമൽയനാട്ടെിൽ വികസിെിക്കുന്ന ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ

ആദയ വിദയാർത്ഥി നിർേിത ഉപഗ്െ ിം?

വീസൊറ് (തിരുവനന്ത്പുരിം പൂേെുര എൻേിനീയറിങ് യകായളേിഗെ

വിദയാർത്ഥിനികളാണ് ഉപഗ്െ ിം നിർേിക്കുന്നത്. യകരളെിഗെ കാൊവസ്ഥ
വയതിയാനെിൽ അൾഗ്ടാവയെറ് വികിരണങ്ങളുഗട സവാധീനിം
മനസ്സിൊക്കുകയാണ് വീസാറിഗെ െക്ഷ്യിം)

 മന്ദ ാസിം പദ്ധതിയുഗട പുതിയ ധനസ ായിം എഗ്ത രൂപയാണ്?

10000 രൂര

 2023 യുഗനസ്യകാ പുറെിറക്കിയ ആയൊള വിദയാഭയാസ നിരീക്ഷ്ണ

റിയൊർട്ടിൽ അന്ത്ാരാഗ്ര മാതൃകയായി പരാമർശിച്ച യകരളെിഗെ ഗപാതു
വിദയാഭയാസ വകുെിന് കീഴിഗെ ഫകറിഗെ യനതൃതവെിെുള്ള യപാർട്ടൽ?

സ്കൂൾ വ ക

 2023-ഗെ യദശീയ അധയാപക ദിനാചരണ യൊടനു ന്ധിച്ച് സിംസ്ഥാനഗെ

എല്ലാ സ്കൂളുകളിെുിം ശനിയാഴ്ചകളിൽ അവധി ആയിരിക്കുഗമന്ന്
ഗ്പഖയാപിച്ച സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

നൊഗൊലൊൻഡ്

 പൂർണ്ണമായുിം സൗയരാർേെിൽ ഗ്പവർെിക്കുന്ന യൊകെിഗെ ആദയ

അമയൂസ്ഗമന്റ് പാർക്ക്?

വ സ്മയ (കണ്ണൂർ)

 യൊകെിഗെ ഏറവുിം ഉയരിം കൂടിയ യുദ്ധവിമാനൊവളിം നിെവിൽ

വരുന്നത്?

ലഡൊക്

168
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 യദശീയ ിന്ദി ദിനിം?

ബസര്തിം ർ 14

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ ഭിന്നെിിംെകാർക്ക് 1000 രൂപ ഗ്പതിമാസ ഗപൻഷ്ൻ

അനുവദിച്ച സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

ജൊർഗഡ്

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ ശക്തമായ ഭൂകമ്പിം ഉണ്ായ വടയക്ക ആഗ്ൈിക്കൻ രാേയിം?

ബമൊഗറൊഗകൊ

 ഡച്ച് യനാ ൽ സോനിം എന്നറിയഗെടുന്ന സ്പിയനാസ പുരസ്കാരിം 2023

യനടിയ ഇന്ത്യൻ വിംശേ?

ബജൊയ തൊ ഗുര്ത

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ നടന്ന മുൻ മുഖയമഗ്ന്ത്ി ഉേൻചാണ്ിയുഗട നിരയാണഗെ

തുടർന്ന് നടെിയ പുതുെള്ളി നിയമസഭാ ഉപഗതരഗെടുെിൽ വിേയിച്ചത്?

ൈൊണ്ട ഉമ്മൻ (യുഡിഎൈ് സ്ഥാനാർത്ഥി)

 ആൾക്കൂട്ട ആഗ്കമണെിൽ ഗകാല്ലഗെട്ട ഏഗതാരു വയക്തിയുഗടയുിം

ന്ധുക്കൾക്ക് പെുെക്ഷ്ിം രൂപ നരപരി ാരിം നൽകാൻ തീരുമാനിച്ച
സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

മധയപ്രഗദശ്്

 ഗപാന്മുടിയിൽ പുതുതായി കഗണ്െിയ പുതിയ ഇനിം നിഴൽെുമ്പി?

ബരൊേ ന ഴൽത്തുമ്പ

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 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ ഇന്ത്യ അധയക്ഷ്ത വ ിച്ച േി 20 ഉച്ചയകാടിയിൽ ഏത്

സിംഘടനക്കാണ് സ്ഥിരാിംെതവിം െഭിച്ചത്?

ആപ്ഫ കൻ യൂണ യൻ

(ആഗ്ൈിക്കൻ യൂണിയന് േി20 യിൽ അിംെതവിം െഭിക്കുന്നയതാഗട

അടുെവർഷ്ിം മുതൽ േി20 േി21 ആയിരിക്കുിം)

 2023 ഗെ വി ആർ കൃഷ്്ണയ്യർ പുരസ്കാരിം യനടിയത്?

ഉമ്മൻൈൊണ്ട

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ യസാളാർ നെരിം?

സൊഞ്ച (മധയഗ്പയദശ്)

 2023 ഇറാെിയൻ ഗ്ൊൻഡ് ഗ്പിക്സ് യേതാവ്?

മൊക്സ് ഗവർറപ്പൻ

 അയമരിക്കൻ ിരാകാശ െയവഷ്ണ ഏേൻസിയായ നാസ പുതുതായി

തുടങ്ങിയ മൂൺ ടു മാർസ് യഗ്പാഗ്ൊമിഗെ നയിക്കാൻ നിയമിതനായ ഇന്ത്യൻ
വിംശേൻ?

അമ ത് ക്ഷപ്ത യ

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ ഭൂെർഭ പവർ ഗ്ടാൻസ്യൈാർമർ യസ്റ്റഷ്ൻ നിെവിൽ വന്നത്?

ിംഗളൂരു

 െണ്ൻ സർവ്വകൊശാെയുഗട ഓണറി യഡാടയററ് െഭിച്ച ഗ്പശസ്ത ിന്ദി ൊന

രചയിതാവ്?

ജൊഗവദ് അക്തർ

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 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ ഉെരഗകാറിയ പുറെിറക്കിയ ആണവ മിഫസെുകൾ

വിയക്ഷ്പിക്കാൻ കഴിയുന്ന അന്ത്ർവാ ിനി?

ഹീഗറൊ ക ിം കുഗനൊക്

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ യസാളാർ റൂൈ് ഫസ്ിിംെ് ഗ്ടാക്ക് നിെവിൽ വന്നത്?

ചഹദരൊ ൊദ്

 2023 -ഗെ സവച്ച് വായു സർയവക്ഷ്ൻ അവാർഡിൽ പെുെക്ഷ്െിെധികിം

േനസിംഖയയുള്ള നെരങ്ങളിൽ ഒന്നാമഗതെിയത്?

ഇൻഗഡൊർ

 2023 യുഎസ് ഓെൺ പുരുഷ് ഡ ിൾസ് കിരീട യേതാക്കൾ?

രൊജീവ് രൊിം –സൊല സ് റ ഫൈനെിൽ ഇന്ത്യ-ഓസ്യഗ്ടെിയൻ യോഡിയായ

ഗ ാെണ്ണ -എ ഡ ് ൻ സഖയഗെ പരാേയഗെടുെിയാണ് രാേീവ് രാിം -
സാെിസ് റി സഖയിം കിരീടിം സവന്ത്മാക്കിയത് )

 ഇന്ത്യ അധയക്ഷ്ത വ ിച്ച 2023-ഗെ േി 20 ഉച്ചയകാടിയിൽ പഗങ്കടുെ അതിഥി

രാേയങ്ങളുഗട എണ്ണിം?

 ഇന്ത്യയിൽ യുപിഐ എടിഎിം സിംവിധാനിം അവതരിെിച്ച ആദയ ഗപാതുയമഖെ

ാങ്ക്?

ൊങ്ക് ഓഫ് ഗറൊഡ

 െണിതപഠ്നെിഗെ പിയന്നാക്കവസ്ഥ പരി രിക്കുവാൻ യകരള 9സർക്കാരിനു

യവണ്ി ഗക ഡിസ്ക് വികസിെിഗച്ചടുെ പഠ്ന രീതി?

മഞ്ചൊേ

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 2023 ഗെ ‘ഭാരത് യഗ്ഡാൺ ശക്തി’ യുഗട യവദി?

ഗൊസ യൊ ൊദ് (ഉെർഗ്പയദശ്)

 സൂറിച്ച് ഡയമണ്് െീെ് ചാമ്പയൻഷ്ിെ് 2023 ൽ ഗവള്ളിമഡൽ യനടിയ ഇന്ത്യൻ

ോവെിൻ യഗ്താ താരിം?

നീരജ് ഗൈൊപ്ര

 യൂയറാെയൻ യൂണിയനു യശഷ്ിം േി20 ഉച്ചയകാടിയിൽ അിംെമാകുന്ന രണ്ാമഗെ

രാേയകൂട്ടായ്മ?

ആപ്ഫ കൻ യൂണ യൻ (55 രാേയങ്ങൾ ഉൾഗെടുന്ന കൂട്ടായ്മയാണിത് )

 യുഎസ് നയൂസ് & യവൾഡ് റിയൊർട്ടിഗെ 2023 റിയൊർട്ട് ഗ്പകാരിം യൊകെിഗെ ഏറവുിം
മികച്ച രാേയിം?

സവ റ്സർലൊൻഡ്

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ യദശീയ ഉയെേക വിരുദ്ധ ഏേൻസിയുഗട വിെക്ക് െഭിച്ച

സവദൂര ഓട്ടക്കാരി?

ഹ മൊദൊസ്

 ഗ് സീെിനു യവണ്ി ഏറവുിം കൂടുതൽ യൊൾ യനടുന്ന താരിം എന്ന പദവി ഗനയ്മർ
യനടിയത് ആരുഗട ഗറയക്കാർഡ് മറികടന്നാണ്?

ബരബല

 േി20 രാേയങ്ങൾക്ക് യവണ്ി ഇന്ത്യ വികസിെിച്ച ഗമാഫ ൽ ആപ്ലിയക്കഷ്ൻ?

ജ 20 ഇന്ത്യ

 2023- ഗെ സ്ഗ്ടീറ് ഫചൽഡ് ഗ്കിക്കറ് യൊകകെിഗെ യവദി?

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ബൈചൈ

 2023 ഗസപ്തിം റിൽ സവയിം പാെരായി ഗ്പഖയാപിച്ച ഗ് ിട്ടനിഗെ നെരിം?

ർമ ിംഗ്ഹൊിം

 2023 -ൽ 108 അടി ഉയരമുള്ള ശങ്കരാചാരയരുഗട ഗ്പതിമ അനാച്ഛാദനിം ഗചയ്യുന്ന

ഇന്ത്യൻ സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

മധയപ്രഗദശ്്

 2023 -ൽ ഫചനയിൽ വച്ച് നടക്കുന്ന ഏഷ്യൻ ഗെയിിംസിൽ ഇന്ത്യൻ സിംഘെിഗെ

ഔയദയാെിക സ്യപാൺസർ?

Amul

 ഇന്ത്യയുഗട ചാഗ്ന്ദ പരയയവക്ഷ്ണ ദൗതയമായ ചഗ്ന്ദയാൻ 3 ഗെ വിഗ്കിം ൊൻഡർ ആദയിം

ഇറങ്ങിയ സ്ഥെെ് നിന്ന് അന്ത്രീക്ഷ്െിയെക്ക് ഉയരുകയുിം വീണ്ുിം യസാൈ്റ്
ൊൻഡ് നടെുകയുിം ഗചയ്ത പരീക്ഷ്ണെിന് ഐഎസ്ആർഒ നൽകിയ യപര്?

ഗഹൊപ്പ് എക്സ്ബരര ബമന്റ്

 2022- ഗെ ശാന്ത്ി സവരൂപ് ഭട് നാെർ പുരസ്കാരെിന് അർ നായ മെയാളി

െയവഷ്കൻ?

ഗഡൊ. ബക േ ജു (ഓർൊയനാ കറാെിസിസ് യമഖെയിഗെ െയവഷ്ണെിനാണ്

പുരസ്കാരിം െഭിച്ചത്)

 േേു കാശ്മീരിഗെ ഉദ്ധിംപൂർ ഗറയിൽയവ യസ്റ്റഷ്ൻ ഏതു യപരിൊണ്

പുനർനാമകരണിം ഗചയ്തത്?

കയൊര്റൻ തുഷൊർ മഹൊജൻ ബറയ ൽഗവ ഗറഷൻ

 2023-ൽ നിരവധി ആളുകളുഗട മരണെിന് കാരണമായ ഗ്പളയിം ാധിച്ച രാേയിം?

ല യ

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 ഗ്ൊൻഡ് സ്ാിം ഡ ിൾസ് ഫൈനെിൽ എെുന്ന ഏറവുിം ഗ്പായിം കൂടിയ താരിം?

ഗരൊഹൻ ബ ൊപ്പണ്ണ

 അടുെിഗട അന്ത്രിച്ച അേിെ് ഫനനാൻ ഏതു യമഖെയിൊണ് ഗ്പശസ്തൻ?

കൊർട്ടൂണ റ്

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ ഗ്െീൻ ഗറയിൽയവ യസ്റ്റഷ്ൻ സർട്ടിൈിയക്കഷ്ൻ യനടിയ

ഗറയിൽയവ യസ്റ്റഷ്ൻ ?

വ ജയവൊഡ ബറയ ൽഗവ ഗറഷൻ (ആപ്രപ്രഗദശ്്)

 ോതിവിയവചന വിരുദ്ധ ിൽ പാസാക്കിയ അയമരിക്കൻ സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

കൊല ഗഫൊണ യ (നിയമൊൽ ോതി വിയവചനിം നിയരാധിക്കുന്ന ആദയ അയമരിക്കൻ

സിംസ്ഥാനിം)

 2023 -ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ അന്ത്രിച്ച ഗ്പശസ്ത ഗ് ിട്ടീഷ്് ശാസ്ഗ്തജ്ഞൻ?

ഇയൊൻ വ ൽമുട്ട് (യ്ാണിങ്ങിെൂഗട സസ്തനിയായ യഡാളി എന്ന ഗചേരിയാടിഗന

സൃരിച്ച സിംഘെിന് യനതൃതവിം നൽകിയ ശാസ്ഗ്തജ്ഞനാണ് ഇയാൻ വിൽമുട്ട്)

 ഇന്ത്യയുഗട 54 മത് കടുവസയങ്കതമായ യധാൽപൂർ കരൗെി കടുവ സയങ്കതിം നിെവിൽ

വന്ന സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

രൊജസ്ഥൊൻ

 േി20 ഉച്ചയകാടിയുഗട ഭാെമായി ഇന്ത്യ പുറെിറക്കിയ െഘുയെഖകൾ?

ഭൊരതിം ജനൊധ രതയത്ത ബെ മൊതൊവ് (Bharat The Mother of Democracy)

ഇന്ത്യയ ബല ത രബഞ്ഞേുപ്പ് (Elections In India )

 2023- ഗെ യനാർെ് ഈസ്റ്റ് ഇന്ത്യ ഗൈസ്റ്റിവെിഗെ യവദി?

മ ലൊൻ (ഇറെി)

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 ഇെഗ്ടിക് വാ നങ്ങൾ ചാർേ് ഗചയ്യാൻ ഗകഎസ്ഇ ി പുറെിറക്കുന്ന പുതിയ

ഗമാഫ ൽ ആപ്ലിയക്കഷ്ൻ?

ഗകരള ഇ- ബമൊ ല റ ആപ്ല ഗകഷൻ

 സിവിസ് പുരസ്കാരിം (2023) യനടിയ ആദയ ഇന്ത്യക്കാരൻ?

ഗഡൊ. സുഗമഷ് ശ്ശ് ധരൻ

 ഇന്ത്യയുഗട മുൻ മുഖയ തിരഗെടുെ് കേീഷ്ണറായ ടി എൻ ആത്മകഥ?

Through the broken glass

 ഇന്ത്യ െവൺഗമെിഗെ ഗഗ്പാട്ടക്ഷ്ൻ ഓൈ് പ്ലാന്റ് ഗവഫററിസ് ആൻഡ് ൈാർയമഴ്സ്

ഫററസ് അയതാറിറിയുഗട പ്ലാന്റ് േീയനാിം യസവിയർ ൈാർയമഴ്സ് ഗറക്കഗ്നിഷ്ൻ
പുരസ്കാരെിന് അർ യായ യൊഗ്ത വനിത?

രരപ്പ അമ്മ

 2023 -ഗെ മെയാറൂർ പുരസ്കാരിം െഭിച്ചത്?

മുരുകൻ കട്ടൊകേ

 അന്ത്ാരാഗ്ര സാക്ഷ്രതാ ദിനിം?

ബസര്തിം ർ8

 അണ്ഡവുിം ീേവുമില്ലാഗത മൂെയകാശങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് ഗ്ഭൂണിം വികസിെിച്ച രാേയിം?

ഇപ്സൊഗയൽ

 അടുെിഗട മ ാരാഗ്ര സർക്കാർ സിംസ്ഥാനിം മത്സയമായി ഗ്പഖയാപിച്ചത്?

ബവള്ള ആഗവൊല

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 യദശീയ അധയാപക ദിനിം?

ബസര്റിം ർ 5 (ഗ്പശസ്തനായ അധയാപകനുിം ഇന്ത്യയുഗട രണ്ാമഗെ

രാഗ്രപതിയുിം തതവചിന്ത്കനുമായ യഡാ. എസ് രാധാകൃഷ്്ണഗെ േന്മദിനമാണ് യദശീയ
അധയാപക ദിനമായി ആചരിക്കുന്നത്)

 സിംസ്ഥാന ടൂറിസിം വകുെുമായി യചർന്നുള്ള സ കരണ യമഖെയിഗെ ആദയഗെ

രിതടൂറിസിം ഗ്ൊമിം?

കൊസ്ഗകൊ വ ഗല്ലജ് (തിരുവനന്ത്പുരിം)

 2023- ഗെ മിസ്സ് യവൾഡ് മത്സരങ്ങളുഗട യവദി?

കൊശ്്മീർ (ഇന്ത്യ)

 യകരളെിൽ ആദയമായി നടക്കുന്ന കാെിഗ്ൊൈി ഗൈസ്റ്റിവെിഗെ യവദി?

ബകൊച്ച

 2023-ൽ ഉദ്ഘാടനിം ഗചയ്യഗെട്ട ഉത്യകെ ആഭയന്ത്ര വിമാനൊവളിം നിെവിൽ വന്ന

സിംസ്ഥാനിം ?

ഒഡീഷയ

 2023- ൽ ചിഗ്തശെഭ പാർക്ക് നിെവിൽ വരുന്ന ഒഡീഷ്യിഗെ േില്ല?

സൊിം ൽപ്പൂർ

 യകരളെിഗെ ഏറവുിം ഉയരിം കൂടിയ കൃഗ്തിമ ഗവള്ളച്ചാട്ടിം എവിഗടയാണ്?

ഗലൊറ ഫൊെൊസ വളൊഗഞ്ചര (മെെുറിം)

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 ‘മറാൈി’ എന്ന യപരിൽ കൃഗ്തിമ കനാെിനാൽ ചുറഗെട്ട പുതിയ നെരിം നിെവിൽ

വരുന്ന െൾൈ് രാേയിം?

സൗദ അഗറ യ

 2023- ഗെ യൊക ാഡ്മിെൺ ചാമ്പയൻഷ്ിെിന് യവദിയായ രാേയിം?

ബഡന്മൊർക് (യകാെൻയ െൻ)

 2023 -ഗസപ്തിം റിൽ പൂർണ്ണയശഷ്ിയിൽ ഗ്പവർെനമാരിംഭിച്ച ഇന്ത്യ

തയേശീയമായി നിർേിച്ച കഗ്കപാറ ആണവനിെയിം സ്ഥിതി ഗചയ്യുന്ന സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

ഗുജറൊത്ത്

 സർക്കാർ നിയഗ്ന്ത്ണെിെുള്ള ഗകയൈാണിന് ഇെർഗനറ് യസവനിം നൽകുന്ന

അ േദാ ാദിഗെ സവകാരയ കമ്പനി?

ഇഷൊൻ ഇൻഗഫൊബേക്

 ഐടി കമ്പനികളുഗട കൂട്ടായ്മയായ നാസ്യകാമിഗെ ഗചയർയപഴ്സണായി

തിരഗെടുക്കഗെട്ട മെയാളി?

രൊഗജഷ് നമ്പയൊർ

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ യസാളാർ സിറി?

മധയപ്രഗദശ്്

 2023 ഏകദിന യൊകകെിനുള്ള ഇന്ത്യൻ ടീമിഗെ കയാപ്റൻ?

ഗരൊഹ ത് ശ്ർമ

 രാഗ്രപതി ഗ്ദൗപതി മുർമു അനാച്ഛാദനിം ഗചയ്ത ൊന്ധി ഗ്പതിമ സ്ഥിതി ഗചയ്യുന്നത്?

രൊജ് ഘട്ട്

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 2023- ഗെ ആയൊള എ ഐ ഉച്ചയകാടി യുഗട യവദി?

ഇന്ത്യ

 69-ാമത് യദശീയ ചെച്ചിഗ്ത പുരസ്കാരെിൽ മികച്ച നടനായി തിരഗെടുക്കഗെട്ടത്?

അല്ലു അർജുൻ

 മികച്ച നടിയായി തിരഗെടുക്കഗെട്ടത്?

 ആല യ ഭട്ട്

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ പുറെുവിട്ട ൈിഗഡ റാങ്കിിംെ് ഗ്പകാരിം ഇന്ത്യൻ താരങ്ങളിൽ

ഒന്നാമത് എെിയത്?

ഡ ഗുഗകഷ് (ഗചസ്സ് ഇതി ാസിം വിശവനാഥൻ ആനന്ദിഗന പിന്ത്ള്ളിയാണ് ഗ്ൊൻഡ്

മാസ്റ്റർ ഡി െുയകഷ്് റാങ്കിങ്ങിൽ ഒന്നാമത് എെിയത്)

 ഗസൻഗ്ടൽ യൂയറാ ഓൈ് കേയൂണിയക്കഷ്ഗെ പുതിയ ഡയറടർ േനറൽ?

ധീഗരപ്ര ഓജ

 2023- ഗെ ഏഷ്യൻ ക ഡി ചാമ്പയൻഷ്ിെ് യേതാക്കൾ?

ഇന്ത്യ

(ദക്ഷ്ിണഗകാറിയയിഗെ ുസാനിൽ നടന്ന ഫൈനൽ മത്സരെിൽ ഇറാഗനയാണ്

ഇന്ത്യ യതാൽപിച്ചത്)

 മിൽമയുഗട യകരളെിഗെ ആദയഗെ ഗറയസ്റ്റാറന്റ് നിെവിൽ വരുന്ന േില്ല?

തൃശ്ശൂർ

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 െണിത പഠ്ന പിയന്നാക്കാവസ്ഥ പരി രിക്കാൻ യകരള സർക്കാർ ഗക-ഡിസ്ക് മുഖന

നടെിൊക്കുന്ന പദ്ധതി?

മഞ്ചൊേ

 ഫചനയിൽ ഗ്പവർെനമാരിംഭിക്കുന്ന വാന നിരീക്ഷ്ണ ദൂരദർശനി?

ഗമൊസ (ഉെരാർധ യൊളെിഗെ ഏറവുിം ശക്തമായ വാനനിരീക്ഷ്ണ

ദൂരദർശനിയാണ് യമാസി, ഫചനീസ് തതവചിന്ത്കനുിം യേയാതിശാസ്ഗ്തജ്ഞനുമായ

യമാസിയുഗട യപരാണ് ഗടെസ്യകാെിന് നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്നത്)

 2023- ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ ആഗ്ൈിക്കൻ രാേയങ്ങളുഗട ആദയ കാൊവസ്ഥ ഉച്ചയകാടിക്ക്

യവദിയായത്?

ബനയ്ഗറൊ (ബകന യ)

 ഇന്ത്യയിൽ കാെിെിവർ മാതൃകയിെുളള ഏറവുിം വെിയ ചില്ലു പാെിം നിെവിൽ

വരുന്നത്?

വൊഗമൺ അഡവഞ്ചർ രൊർക് (ഇടുക്കി)

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ തായിവാനിൽ വീശിയ ചുഴെിക്കാറ്?

Haikuy

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ പട്ടാള അട്ടിമറി യിെൂഗട അധികാരിം പിടിഗച്ചടുെ ആഗ്ൈിക്കൻ

രാേയിം?

ഗൊഗ ൊൺ

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 ഏറവുിം ശുചിതവമുള്ള േില്ലഗയ ആദരിക്കുന്നതിന് യമാഡി അവാർഡ്

ഏർഗെടുെിയ സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

അസിം

 184 ദിവസഗെ ിരാകാശ യാഗ്ത പൂർെിയാക്കി തിരിഗച്ചെിയ യുഎഇ യുഗട

ിരാകാശ യാഗ്തികൻ?

സുൽത്തൊൻ അൽ നയൊദ

 ഏഷ്യയുഗട യനാ ൽ സോനിം എന്നറിയഗെടുന്ന രമൺ മാെ്സഗസ

പുരസ്കാരിം 2023 -ൽ യനടിയ ഇന്ത്യക്കാരൻ?

ഗഡൊ രവ കണ്ണൻ

 പൂഗന ൈിെിിം ആൻഡ് ഗടെിവിഷ്ൻ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറയൂട്ട് ഓൈ് ഇന്ത്യയുഗട

ഗചയർമാനായി നിയമിതനായ ചെച്ചിഗ്ത നടൻ?

ആർ മൊധവൻ

 പൂർണ്ണമായുിം എഥയനാളിൽ ഗ്പവർെിക്കുന്ന യൊകഗെ ആദയഗെ കാർ

പുറെിറക്കിയ രാേയിം?

ഇന്ത്യ

 കുടുിം നാഥരായ സ്ഗ്തീകൾക്ക് ഗ്പതിമാസിം 2000 രൂപ സ ായധനിം

നൽകുന്ന െൃ െക്ഷ്്മി പദ്ധതി ആരിംഭിച്ച ഇന്ത്യൻ സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

കർണൊേക

 2024 ൽ ഏതു രാേയമാണ് േി20 ഉച്ചയകാടിക്ക് ആതിയഥയതവിം വ ിക്കുന്നത്?

പ് സീൽ (2023ൽ ഉച്ചയകാടിക്ക് യവദിയാകുന്നത് ഇന്ത്യയാണ്)

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 യുഎസ് ആസ്ഥാനമായുള്ള യലാ ൽ ൈിനാൻസ് മാെസിൻ

ആയൊളതെെിൽ ഏറവുിം മികച്ച ഗസൻഗ്ടൽ ാങ്കർ ആയി
തിരഗെടുക്കഗെട്ട റിസർവ് ാങ്ക് െവർണർ?

ശ്ക്ത കൊന്ത്ദൊസ് (നിെവിൽ ഇന്ത്യയുഗട റിസർവ് ാങ്ക് െവർണറാണ്

ശക്തികാന്ത്ദാസ് )

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ ഫചനയിൽ വീശിയ ചുഴെിക്കാറ്?

ഗസൊളൊ (Saola)

 ഗ്പശസ്ത പരിസ്ഥിതി ശാസ്ഗ്തജ്ഞൻ ഗഗ്പാൈ. മാധവ് ൊഡ്െിെിഗെ

ആത്മകഥ?

രശ്ച മഘട്ടിം ഒരു പ്രണയകഥ

 യകാമൺഗവൽെ് ഗെയിിംസ് ഗൈഡയറഷ്ൻ ഫവസ് ഗ്പസിഡണ്്

സ്ഥാനയെക്ക് മത്സരിക്കുന്ന മുൻ ഇന്ത്യൻ അത് െറ്?

ര േ ഉഷ (നിെവിൽ ഇന്ത്യൻ ഒളിമ്പിക് അയസാസിയയഷ്ൻ ഗ്പസിഡൊണ് പിടി ഉഷ്)

 തായ്വാനിഗെ ആദയഗെ ിന്ദു യക്ഷ്ഗ്തിം?

സ ക
് ൊ മര ർ

 സിിംെെൂരിഗെ 9-മത് ഗ്പസിഡൊയി തിരഗെടുക്കഗെട്ട ഇന്ത്യൻ വിംശേൻ?

ബതർമൻ ഷണ്മുഖ രത്നിം

 പാക്കിസ്ഥാനിഗെ ഇന്ത്യൻ ഫ കേീഷ്ഗെ ചുമതെ വ ിക്കുന്ന ആദയ

വനിത?

ഗീത ക പ്ശ്ീവൊസ്തവ

 ഒരു രാേയിം ഒരു ഗതരഗെടുെ് എന്ന നിർയേശഗെ കുറിച്ച് പഠ്ിക്കാൻ യകഗ്ന്ദിം

നിയയാെിച്ച സമിതിയുഗട അധയക്ഷ്ൻ?

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രൊിംനൊഥ് ഗകൊവ ര്

 2023- ഗെ ഡയൂറൻഡ് കെ് ൈുട്യ ാൾ കിരീട യേതാക്കളായ ടീിം?

ഗമൊഹൻ ഗൊൻ സൂപ്പർ ജയന്റ് (ഫൈനെിൽ ഈസ്റ്റ് ിംൊളിഗനയാണ്

യതാൽെിച്ചത്)

 2021 22ഗെ മികച്ച സർവകൊശാെക്കുള്ള സിംസ്ഥാന നാഷ്ണൽ സർവീസ് സ്കീിം

പുരസ്കാരിം യനടിയത്?

ഗകരള സർവകലൊശ്ൊല

 നീണ് ഇടയവളയ്ക്കുയശഷ്ിം വീണ്ുിം ഗ്പവർെനമാരിംഭിക്കുന്ന മിർ ഡയമണ്് ഖനി

സ്ഥിതി ഗചയ്യുന്ന രാേയിം?

റഷയ

 2023 ഗസപ്തിം റിൽ കേീഷ്ൻ ഗചയ്ത ഗഗ്പാേക്റ് 17 എ യുഗട ഭാെമായി നിർേിച്ച

യുദ്ധക്കെൽ?

ഐ എൻ എസ് മഗഹപ്രഗ ര

 ഗ്പസ്സ് ഇൻൈർയമഷ്ൻ യൂയറായുഗട പുതിയ ഗ്പിൻസിെൽ ഡയറടർ േനറൊയി

നിയമിതനായ ആര്?

മനീഷ് വ ഗദശ്ൊയ

 ഗറയക്കാർഡ് തുകയായ 45 യകാടി രൂപയ്ക്ക് യെെിം ഗചയ്യഗെട്ട ‘ഗേയസ്റ്റഷ്ൻ ‘ എന്ന

ചിഗ്തിം വരച്ച ഇന്ത്യൻ ചിഗ്തകാരൻ?

ചസദ് ചഹദർ റൊസ

 സിംസ്ഥാന അതിർെികളിൽ ഗ്പവർെിക്കുന്ന യമായട്ടാർ വാ ന, എക്ഫസസ്,

മൃെസിംരക്ഷ്ണിം എന്നീ വകുെുകൾക്ക് കീഴിഗെ ഗചക്യപാസ്റ്റു കളിൽ വിേിെൻസ്
നടെിയ മിന്നൽ പരിയശാധ?

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ഓപ്പഗറഷൻ പ്േഷർ ഹണ്ട്

 ഇന്ത്യൻ ഗറയിൽയവ യ ാർഡിഗെ അധയക്ഷ്യുിം സിഇഒ യുമായ ആദയ വനിത?

ജയവർമ സ ൻഹ

 ഗ്ശീ രിയക്കാട്ടയിഗെ സതീഷ്് ധവാൻ സ്യപസ് ഗസെറിൽ നിന്ന് 2023 ഗസപ്റിം ർ

രണ്ിന് വിയക്ഷ്പിച്ച ഇന്ത്യയുഗട ഗ്പഥമ സൗരദൗതയിം?

ആദ തയ എൽ 1 (പി എസ് എൽ വി -സി 57 യറാക്കറിൊണ് യപടകിം വിയക്ഷ്പിച്ചത്)

 അന്ത്ാരാഗ്ര നാളിയകര ദിനിം?

ബസര്തിം ർ2

 10-16 ഗസപ്റിം ർ 2023 ആനുകാെിക വിവരങ്ങൾ | 2023 ഗസപ്റിം ർ

2023 September Current Affairs | Current Affairs |GK Malayalam

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ ഇന്ത്യ അധയക്ഷ്ത വ ിച്ച േി 20 ഉച്ചയകാടിയിൽ ഏത്

സിംഘടനക്കാണ് സ്ഥിരാിംെതവിം െഭിച്ചത്?

ആപ്ഫ കൻ യൂണ യൻ ആഗ്ൈിക്കൻ യൂണിയൻ േി20 യിൽ അിംെമായയതാഗട

അടുെവർഷ്ിം മുതൽ േി20 േി21 ആയിരിക്കുിം, 55 രാേയങ്ങൾ ഉൾഗെടുന്ന
കൂട്ടായ്മയാണ് ആഗ്ൈിക്കൻ യൂണിയൻ)

 പൂർണ്ണമായുിം വനിതകളുഗട യമൽയനാട്ട െിൽ വികസിെിക്കുന്ന ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ

വിദയാർത്ഥി നിർേിത ഉപഗ്െ ിം?

വീസൊറ് (തിരുവനന്ത്പുരിം പൂേെുര എൻേിനീയറിങ് യകായളേിഗെ

വിദയാർത്ഥിനികളാണ് ഉപഗ്െ ിം നിർേിക്കുന്നത്, യകരളെിഗെ കാൊവസ്ഥ
വയതിയാനെിൽ അൾഗ്ടാവയെറ് വികിരണങ്ങളുഗട സവാധീനഗെക്കുറിച്ച്
പഠ്ിക്കുകയാണ് വീസാറിഗെ െക്ഷ്യിം)

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 2023-ൽ നിപ സ്ഥിരീകരിച്ച യകരളെിഗെ േില്ല?

ഗകൊഴ ഗകൊേ്

 കിഴക്കൻ ആഗ്ൈിക്കൻ രാേയമായ െി ിയയിൽ നാശിം വിതച്ച ചുഴെിക്കാറ്?

ഡൊന ഗയൽ

 2023 -ഗെ യകരള സർക്കാർ വിജ്ഞാപന ഗ്പകാരിം 4612 ചതുരഗ്ശ കിയൊമീറർ വിസ്
തീർണവുമായി വെിെെിൽ ഒന്നാമത് എെിയ യകരളെിഗെ േില്ല?

ഇേുക (എറണാകുളിം േില്ലയിഗെ യകാതമിംെെിം താെൂക്കിൽഗെട്ട കുട്ടമ്പുഴ

വിയല്ലേിഗെ 12 718 509 ഗ ടർ സ്ഥെമാണ് ഇടമെക്കുടി വിയല്ലേിയനാട് യചർെത്
ഇയതാഗട പാെക്കാടിഗന പിന്ത്ള്ളി ഇടുക്കി വെുെെിൽ ഒന്നാമതായത്)

 2023 -ഗെ യുഎസ് ഓെൺ ഗടന്നീസ് വനിത സിിംെിൾസിൽ കിരീടിം യനടിയത്?

ബകൊഗകൊ ഗൊഫ് (അയമരിക്ക)

 2023 -ഗെ യുഎസ് ഓെൺ ഗടന്നീസ് പുരുഷ് സിിംെിൾസിൽ കിരീടിം യനടിയത്?

ബനൊവൊക് ഗജൊഗകൊ വ ച്ച് (ഗസർ ിയ)

 2023 യുഗനസ്യകാ പുറെിറക്കിയ ആയൊള വിദയാഭയാസ നിരീക്ഷ്ണ റിയൊർട്ടിൽ

അന്ത്ാരാഗ്ര മാതൃകയായി പരാമർ ശിച്ച യകരളെിഗെ ഗപാതു വിദയാഭയാസ വകുെിന്
കീഴിഗെ ഫകറിഗെ യനതൃതവ െിെുള്ള യപാർട്ടൽ?

സ്കൂൾ വ ക

 പൂർണ്ണമായുിം സൗയരാർേെിൽ ഗ്പവർെിക്കുന്ന യൊകെിഗെ ആദയ

അമയൂസ്ഗമന്റ് പാർക്ക്?

വ സ്മയ (കണ്ണൂർ)

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 യദശീയ ിന്ദി ദിനിം?

ബസര്തിം ർ 14

 2023-ഗെ യദശീയ അധയാപക ദിനാചരണ യൊടനു ന്ധിച്ച് സിംസ്ഥാനഗെ എല്ലാ

സ്കൂളുകളിെുിം ശനിയാഴ്ചകളിൽ അവധി ആയിരിക്കുഗമന്ന് ഗ്പഖയാപിച്ച
സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

നൊഗൊലൊൻഡ്

 െണ്ൻ സർവ്വകൊശാെയുഗട ഓണറി യഡാടയററ് െഭിച്ച ഗ്പശസ്ത ിന്ദി

ൊനരചയിതാവ്?

ജൊഗവദ് അക്തർ

 കഥകളി കൊകാരനായ യകാട്ടക്കൽ ശിവരാമഗെ ആത്മകഥ?

സ്ചപ്തണിം

 മന്ദ ാസിം പദ്ധതിയുഗട സർക്കാർ നൽകുന്ന ധനസ ായിം?

10000

 യദശീയ എഞ്ചിനീയയഴ്സ് ദിനിം?

ബസര്റിം ർ 15 (എിം വിയശവശവരയ്യരുഗട േന്മദിനമായ ഗസപ്റിം ർ 15 ആണ്

ഇന്ത്യയിൽ എഞ്ചിനീയയഴ്സ് ദിനമായി ആചരിക്കുന്നത്)

 ഇന്ത്യ അധയക്ഷ്ത വ ിച്ച 2023-ഗെ േി 20 ഉച്ചയകാടിയിൽ പഗങ്കടുെ അതിഥി

രാേയങ്ങളുഗട എണ്ണിം?

9 രൊജയങ്ങൾ

 െണിതപഠ്നെിഗെ പിയന്നാക്കവസ്ഥ പരി രിക്കുവാൻ യകരളസർക്കാരിനു

യവണ്ി ഗക ഡിസ്ക് വികസിെിഗച്ചടുെ പഠ്ന രീതി?

185
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മഞ്ചൊേ

 േേു കാശ്മീരിഗെ ഉദ്ധിംപൂർ ഗറയിൽ യവ യസ്റ്റഷ്ൻ ഏതു യപരിൊണ് പുനർനാമ

കരണിം ഗചയ്തത്?

കയൊര്റൻ തുഷൊർ മഹൊജൻ ബറയ ൽഗവ ഗറഷൻ

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ യസാളാർ റൂൈ് ഫസ്ിിംെ് ഗ്ടാക്ക് നിെവിൽ വന്നത്?

ചഹദരൊ ൊദ്

 േനിതകഘടന കഗണ്െഗെട്ട ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ കടൽ മത്സയിം?

മത്ത (ഇന്ത്യയിൽ ആദയമായാണ് ഒരു കടൽ മത്സയെിഗെ േനിതകഘടന

കഗണ്െുന്നത്)

 േി20 ഉച്ചയകാടിയുഗട ഭാെമായി ഇന്ത്യ പുറെിറക്കിയ െഘുയെഖകൾ?

Bharat The Mother of Democracy, Elections In India
 യൊകെിഗെ ഏറവുിം ഉയരിം കൂടിയ യുദ്ധവിമാനൊവളിം നിെവിൽ വരുന്നത്?

ലഡൊക്

 യുഎസ് നയൂസ് & യവൾഡ് റിയൊർട്ടിഗെ 2023 റിയൊർട്ട് ഗ്പകാരിം യൊകെിഗെ

ഏറവുിം മികച്ച രാേയിം?

സവ റ്സർലൊൻഡ്

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ യസാളാർ നെരിം?

സൊഞ്ച (മധയഗ്പയദശ്)

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ നടന്ന മുൻ മുഖയമ ഗ്ന്ത്ി ഉേൻചാണ്ിയുഗട നിരയാണഗെ

തുടർന്ന് നടെിയ പുതുെള്ളി നിയമസഭാ ഉപഗതരഗെടുെിൽ വിേയിച്ചത്?

ൈൊണ്ട ഉമ്മൻ (യുഡിഎൈ് സ്ഥാനാർത്ഥി)

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 ഗ് സീെിനു യവണ്ി ഏറവുിം കൂടുതൽ യൊൾ യനടുന്ന താരിം എന്ന പദവി ഗനയ് മർ
യനടിയത് ആരുഗട ഗറയക്കാർഡ് മറികടന്നാണ്?

ബരബല

 േി20 രാേയങ്ങൾക്ക് യവണ്ി ഇന്ത്യ വികസി െിച്ച ഗമാഫ ൽ ആപ്ലിയക്കഷ്ൻ?

ജ 20 ഇന്ത്യ

 2023 ഗസപ്തിം റിൽ സവയിം പാെരായി ഗ്പഖയാപിച്ച ഗ് ിട്ടനിഗെ നെരിം?

ർമ ിംഗ്ഹൊിം

 2023 -ൽ 108 അടി ഉയരമുള്ള ശങ്കരാചാരയ രുഗട ഗ്പതിമ അനാച്ഛാദനിം ഗചയ്യുന്ന

ഇന്ത്യ ൻ സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

മധയപ്രഗദശ്്

 2023- ഗെ സ്ഗ്ടീറ് ഫചൽഡ് ഗ്കിക്കറ് യൊകകെിഗെ യവദി?

ബൈചൈ

 2023-ൽ നിരവധി ആളുകളുഗട മരണെി ന് കാരണമായ ഗ്പളയിം ാധിച്ച രാേയിം?

ല യ

 ഇന്ത്യയുഗട 54 മത് കടുവസയങ്കതമായ യധാൽപൂർ കരൗെി കടുവ സയങ്കതിം

നിെവിൽ വന്ന സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

രൊജസ്ഥൊൻ

 2023 -ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ അന്ത്രിച്ച ഗ്പശസ്ത ഗ് ിട്ടീഷ്് ശാസ്ഗ്തജ്ഞൻ?

ഇയൊൻ വ ൽമുട്ട് യൊകെ് ആദയമായി യ്ാണിങ്ങിെൂഗട സസ്തനിയായ യഡാളി

എന്ന ഗചേരിയാടിഗന സൃരിച്ച സിംഘെിന് യനതൃതവിം നൽകിയ ശാസ്ഗ്തജ്ഞനാണ്
ഇയാൻ വിൽമുട്ട്)

187
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 ഇന്ത്യയുഗട മുൻ മുഖയ തിരഗെടുെ് കേീഷ്ണറായ ടി എൻ ആത്മകഥ?

Through the broken glass

 ഗ്െീൻ ഗറയിൽയവ യസ്റ്റഷ്ൻ സർട്ടിൈിയക്ക ഷ്ൻ യനടിയ ഗറയിൽയവ യസ്റ്റഷ്ൻ ?

വ ജയവൊഡ ബറയ ൽഗവ ഗറഷൻ

 ഗപാന്മുടിയിൽ പുതുതായി കഗണ്െിയ പുതിയ ഇനിം നിഴൽെുമ്പി?

ബരൊേ ന ഴൽത്തുമ്പ

 2022- ഗെ ശാന്ത്ി സവരൂപ് ഭട് നാെര് പുരസ്കാരെിന് അർ നായ മെയാളി

െയവഷ്കൻ?

ഗഡൊ. ബക േ ജു (ഓർൊയനാ കറാെിസിസ് യമഖെയിഗെ

െയവഷ്ണെിനാണ് പുരസ്കാരിം െഭിച്ചത്)

 വിൊയെ് ുദ്ധ, ഫചനാ ുദ്ധ എന്നിവ എന്ത്ിഗെ ഇനങ്ങളാണ് ?

ൈരനിം

 14-മത് സ്ഫപസ് യകാൺഗ്െസിഗെ യവദി?

മുിംച

 അന്ത്ാരാഗ്ര േനാധിപതയ ദിനിം?

ബസര്തിം ർ 15

 ഗ്െീസ്, ൾയെറിയ, െി ിയ എന്നീ രാേയങ്ങളിൽ നാശിം വിതച്ച ചുഴെിക്കാറ്?

ഡൊന ഗയൽ

188
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 വായനാമത്സരവുമായി ന്ധഗെട്ട കവിസ് മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ ഗപാതുവിജ്ഞാനിം

എന്ന വിഷ്യെിൽ നിന്നുിം വരാൻ സാധയതയുള്ള യചാദയങ്ങൾ

വൊയനൊമത്സരിം 2023| General Knowledge| ബരൊതുവ ജ്ഞൊനിം

 കാവയയൊക സ്മരണകൾ ആരുഗട ആത്മകഥയാണ്?

ചവഗലൊപ്പ ള്ള

 യൊകവയയാേന ദിനിം എന്നാണ്?

ഒഗേൊ ർ1

 രിതവിപ്ലവെിഗെ പിതാവ് എന്നറിയഗെടുന്നത്?

എിം എസ് സവൊമ നൊഥൻ

 ‘മറുള്ള ഭാഷ്കൾ യകവെിം താഗ്തിമാർ മർതയന് ഗപറേ തൻഭാഷ് താൻ’ എന്ന

വരികൾ എഴുതിയത്?

വള്ളഗത്തൊൾ നൊരൊയണഗമഗനൊൻ

 വയൊർ െർേിക്കുന്നു’ എന്ന ഗ്പസിദ്ധ കാവയെിഗെ രചയിതാവ്?

ര ഭൊസ്കരൻ

 സിനിമയുഗട സാ ിതയരൂപമാണ് തിരക്കഥ എന്നാൽ കഥകളിയുഗട

സാ ിതയരൂപെിന് പറയുന്ന യപര്?

ആട്ടകഥ

 ഭൂമിയുഗട ഏക ഗ്പകൃതിദെ ഉപഗ്െ ിം?

ൈപ്രൻ

189
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 ഏതു വാതകെിഗെ സ ായയൊഗടയാണ് സസയങ്ങൾ ഗ്പകാശസിംയേഷ്ണിം

നടെുന്നത്?

കൊർ ൺചഡഓക്ചസഡ്

 ഭക്ഷ്ണപദാർത്ഥങ്ങൾ പുളിെിക്കുന്നതിന് ഉപയയാെിക്കുന്ന യീസ്റ്റ് ഏതു

വിഭാെെിൽഗെടുന്നു?

ഫിംഗസ്

 2023- ഗെ ഏഷ്യൻ ഗെയിിംസ് മത്സരങ്ങൾ നടന്ന രാേയിം?

ചൈന

 യവൾഡ് കെ് ൈുട്യ ാൾ ടൂർണ്ണഗമെിൽ രണ്് തവണ കളിച്ച കളിക്കാരനുള്ള

യൊൾഡൻ യ ാൾ യനടിയ കളിക്കാരൻ?

ലയണൽ ബമസ്സ

 േെെിഗെ തിളനിെ എഗ്ത ഡിഗ്െി ഗസൽഷ്യസ് ആണ്?

100 ഡ പ്ഗ ബസൽഷയസ്

 2023 -ൽ 47 – മഗെ വയൊർ അവാർഡ് ഗ്ശീകുമാരൻ തമ്പിയുഗട ഏത് കൃതിക്കാണ്

െഭിച്ചത്?

ജീവ തിം ഒരു ബരൻഡുലിം

 മെയാള സാ ിതയെിഗെ ‘പൂങ്കുയിൽ’ എന്നറിയഗെടുന്ന കവി ?

വള്ളഗത്തൊൾ നൊരൊയണഗമഗനൊൻ

 യദശീയ ൊനമായ േനെണമന ആെപി ക്കാൻ യവണ് സമയിം?

52 ബസകൻഡ്

190
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 ഏതു ഗ്പയക്ഷ്ാഭവുമായി ന്ധഗെട്ട മുഗ്ദാവാകയമായിരുന്നു ‘ഗ്പവർെിക്കുക

അഗല്ലങ്കിൽ മരിക്കുക’ ?

കവ റ ന്ത്യൊ സമരിം

 കയ്യൂർ സമരഗെ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി എഴുതിയ ചിരസ്മരണ എന്ന യനാവെിഗെ

രചയിതാവ്?

ന രഞ്ജന

 സ്ഗ്തീ ശാക്തീകരണെിനുിം ദാരിഗ്ദ നിർമാ ർേനെിനുമായി 1998 ഗമയ് 17ന് നിെവി

ൽ വന്ന യകരള സർക്കാരിഗെ പദ്ധതി?

കുേുിം പ്ശ്ീ രദ്ധത

 ഇന്ത്യയിൽ യറഡിയയാ ഗ്പയക്ഷ്പണിം ആരിംഭിച്ച വർഷ്ിം ഏത് ?

1923

 ഇന്ത്യൻ സിംസ്ഥാനങ്ങളിൽ രണ്ു േില്ലകൾ മാഗ്തമുള്ള സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

ഗഗൊവ

 എിം ടി വാസുയദവൻ നായർ രചിച്ച പള്ളി വാളുിം കാൽ ചിെമ്പുിം’ എന്ന കഥഗയ
ആസ്പദമാക്കി തയ്യാറാക്കിയ ഗ്പശസ്ത മെയാള ചെച്ചിഗ്തിം?

ന ർമ്മൊലയിം

 ഒരച്ഛൻ മകൾക്ക് അയച്ച കെുകൾ എന്ന കൃതിയുഗട രചയിതാവ്?

ജവഹർലൊൽ ബനഹ്റു

 സായര േ ാിം യസ അച്ഛാ എന്ന യദശഭക്തി ൊനെിഗെ രചയിതാവ്?

മുഹമ്മദ് ഇഖ് ൊൽ

191
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 യകരളെിഗെ ഫനൽ എന്നറിയഗെടുന്ന നദി?

ഭൊരതപ്പുഴ

 ഗ്ശീശങ്കരാചാരയരുഗട േന്മസ്ഥെിം എന്നു കരുതഗെടുന്ന കാെടി എന്ന സ്ഥെിം

യകരളെിഗെ ഏതു േില്ലയിൊണ്?

എറണൊകുളിം

 ഭരത് അവാർഡ് കിട്ടിയ മെയാളെിഗെ ആദയഗെ സിനിമാ നടൻ?

ര ബജ ആെണ

 മെയാളെിഗെ ആദയഗെ സ്ഗ്തീപക്ഷ് കവിത എന്നറിയഗെടുന്ന കൃതി?

ൈ ന്ത്ൊവ രയൊയ സീത

 ‘യകരളിം മെയാളികളുഗട മാതൃഭൂമി’ എന്ന വിഖയാത ചരിഗ്ത ഗ്െന്ഥെിഗെ

രചയിതാവ്?

ഇഎിംഎസ് നമ്പൂത ര പ്പൊേ്

 ‘മണി മുഴങ്ങുന്നതാർക്കു യവണ്ി ‘ എന്ന ഗ്പശസ്ത യനാവൽ രചിച്ചതാര് ?

ഏണറ് ബഹമ ങ് ഗവ

 യൊകഗെ ആദയഗെ െിഖിത ഭരണഘടന ഏതു രാേയെിഗെതാണ് ?

അഗമര ക

 പാർവതി പരയമശവരന്മാരുഗട ഗ്പണയിം ഗ്പതിപാദയമായ കാളിദാസ കാവയിം ഏത്?

കുമൊരസിംഭവിം

192
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 “എനിക്ക് യശഷ്ിം ഗ്പളയിം” എന്നു പറെ ഗ്ൈഞ്ച് ഭരണാധികാരി?

ലൂയ രത നൊലൊമൻ

 ‘അെുണ്ണി ‘ കഥാപാഗ്തമായ എിംടി വാസുയദവൻ നായർ രചിച്ച യനാവൽ ഏത്?

നൊലുബകട്ട്

 ‘യൊകഗെ പിടിച്ചു കുെുക്കിയ പെു ദിവസിം’ എന്ന വിഖയാത യനാവെിഗെ

രചയിതാവ്?

ഗജൊൺ റീഡ്

 ഇന്ത്യൻ ിരാകാശ െയവഷ്ണങ്ങളുഗട പിതാവ് ‘ എന്നറിയഗെടുന്നത്?

വ പ്കിം സൊരൊഭൊയ

 ‘പുതുമെയാണ്മതൻ മയ ശൻ’ എന്ന് എഴുെച്ഛഗന വിയശഷ്ിെിച്ച കവി?

വള്ളഗത്തൊൾ നൊരൊയണഗമഗനൊൻ

 സർ ചഗ്കവർെിമാർ എന്ന യപരിൽ അറി യഗെട്ട ചഗ്കവർെിമാർ ഏത് രാേയെി

ഗെ ഭരണാധികാരികൾ ?

റഷയ

 യകരളെിൽ വായനാദിനിം ആചരിച്ചു തുടങ്ങിയത് ഏതു വർഷ്ിം മുതൊണ്?

1996 ജൂൺ 19

193
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 സവതഗ്ന്ത്യിം, സമതവിം, സായ ാദരയിം എന്നീ ആശയങ്ങൾ യൊകെിന് നൽകിയ വിപ്ലവിം?

പ്ഫഞ്ച് വ പ്ലവിം

 മൗെികാവകാശങ്ങളുഗട സിംരക്ഷ്കൻ എന്നറിയഗെടുന്നത്?

സുപ്രീിം ഗകൊേത

 വരിക വരിക സ േഗര എന്ന് തുടങ്ങുന്ന ൊനിം രചിച്ചത് ?

അിംശ് നൊരൊയണര ള്ള

 ഗ്പശസ്തനായ റഷ്യൻ യനാവെിസ്റ്റ് ൈിയയാദർ ദസ്തയയവ്സക

് ിയുഗട േീവിതിം
ഗ്പയമയമാക്കി രചിച്ച യനാവൽ?

ഒരു സങ്കീർത്തനിം ഗരൊബല (ബരരുമ്പേവിം പ്ശ്ീധരൻ)

 ഇന്ത്യൻ ിരാകാശ െയവഷ്ണ ഗ്പവർെനങ്ങൾക്ക് യനതൃതവിം നൽകുന്ന

സ്ഥാപനിം?

ISRO

 ചെച്ചിഗ്തമാക്കഗെട്ട ആദയഗെ മെയാള യനാവൽ ഏതാണ് ?

മൊർത്തൊണ്ഡവർമ്മ

 19- മത് ഏഷ്യൻ ഗെയിിംസിഗെ ഉദ്ഘാടന ചടങ്ങിൽ ഇന്ത്യൻ പതാകയയന്ത്ുന്ന

കായിക താരങ്ങൾ?

ഹർമൻ പ്രീത് സ ിംഗ് (ഗഹൊക കയൊര്റൻ) ലവ് ല ന ബ ൊർഗഗൊബഹയ്ൻ

(ഗ ൊക്സ ങ് തൊരിം )

 2024- ഗെ റിെബ്ലിക് ദിനായഘാഷ്െിഗെ മുഖയ അതിഥി?

അഗമര കൻ പ്രസ ഡന്റ് ഗജൊ ച ഡൻ

194
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 ഏഷ്യൻ ഗെയിിംസ് ഗ്കിക്കറിൽ ഇന്ത്യയ്ക്ക് യവണ്ി കളിക്കുന്ന ആദയ മെയാളി ഗ്കിക്കറ്

താരിം?

മ ൈുമണ

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ കഗണ്യ്നർ തുറമുഖിം?

വ ഴ ഞ്ഞിം (വ ഴ ഞ്ഞിം അന്ത്ൊരൊപ്ര തുറമുഖിം അറ യബപ്പേുൈ ഗരര്

വ ഴ ഞ്ഞിം ഇെർനൊഷണൽ എയർഗരൊർട്ട് ത രുവനന്ത്രുരിം)

 2023 -ഗെ ുക്കർ പുരസ്കാരെിനുള്ള ചുരുക്കെട്ടികയിൽ ഇടിം യനടിയ ഗവയസ്റ്റൺ

ഗെയ്ൻ എന്ന യനാവെിഗെ രചയിതാവായ ഇന്ത്യൻ വിംശേ?

ഗൈത് ന മൊരു

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ഏറവുിം മികച്ച വിയനാദസഞ്ചാര ഗ്ൊമമായി തിരഗെടുക്കഗെട്ടത്?

രശ്ച മ ിംഗൊള ബല മുർഷ ദൊ ൊദ് ജ ല്ലയ ബല ക രീഗേശ്വര പ്ഗൊമിം

 പുതിയ പാർെഗമെിഗെ ആദയഗെ സയേളനിം നടന്നത് എന്നാണ്?

2023 ബസര്റിം ർ 19

 പുതിയ പാർെഗമെിൽ അവതരിെിച്ച ആദയഗെ ിൽ?

വന തൊ സിംവരണ ൽ ( ല്ല ബെ ഗരര്

നൊരീശ്ക്ത വരൻ അധ ന യിം, ഗലൊക്സഭയ ലുിം സിംസ്ഥൊന ന യമസഭകള ലുിം
ബമൊത്തിം സീറുകളുബേ മൂൈ ബലൊൈ് (33% ) വന തകൾക് സിംവരണിം ബൈയ്യൊൻ
വയവസ്ഥ ബൈയ്യുൈ ല്ലൊണ് ഇത്)

 പഴയ പാർെഗമന്റ് നൽകിയിരിക്കുന്ന യപര്?

സിംവ ധൊൻ സദൻ (ഭരണഘേനൊ മര രിം)

195
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 2023 ഏഷ്യ കെ് ഗ്കിക്കറ് കിരീട യേതാക്കൾ?

ഇന്ത്യ (ചഫനല ൽ പ്ശ്ീലങ്കബയ രത്ത് വ കറ ന് രരൊജയബപ്പേുത്ത )

 ഏറവുിം ഉയർന്ന യെെ തുക െഭിച്ച ഇന്ത്യൻ ആർട്ടിസ്റ്റിഗെ ചിഗ്തിം?

ദ ഗറൊറ ബേല്ലർ (ൈ പ്തിം വരച്ചത് അമൃത ഗഷർഗ ൽ)

 കയനഡിയൻ സ്ഥാപനമായ യഗ്ൈസർ ഇൻ സ്റ്റിറയൂട്ടിഗെ റിയൊർട്ട് ഗ്പകാരിം യൊകഗെ

ഏറവുിം സവതഗ്ന്ത്യ സമ്പദ് വയവസ്ഥഗയന്ന പദവി സവന്ത്മാക്കിയ രാേയിം?

സ ിംഗപ്പൂർ

 2023ഗെ ഫടിം യമെസിൻ റിയൊർട്ട് ഗ്പകാരിം യൊകെിഗെ ഏറവുിം മികച്ച കമ്പനി?

ചമഗപ്കൊഗസൊഫ്റ്

 ഇന്ത്യ ആദയമായി ആതിയഥയതവിം കളിക്കുന്ന യൊക യകാൈി യകാൺൈറൻസിഗെ

യവദി?

ിംഗളൂരു

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം ർ കുസാറിഗെ െയവഷ്കർ തമിഴ്നാട്ടിഗെ മണ്ഡപ ഗ്പയദശെു നിന്നുിം

കഗണ്െിയ പുതിയ ഇനിം സൂക്ഷ്്മ േെകരടി?

ൊറ ല പ്പസ് കലൊമ (ഗഗവഷക വ ദയൊർഥ എൻ ബക വ ഷ്ണുദത്തനുിം സീന യർ

ബപ്രൊഫ. ഗഡൊ. ഗജൊയ് നരനുമൊണ് ഈ സൂക്ഷ്മ ജീവ ബയ കബണ്ടത്ത യത്. മുൻ
രൊപ്രരത എര ബജ അബ്ദുൽ കലൊമ ഗനൊേുള്ള ആദരസൂൈകമൊയൊണ് ജീവ ക്
ൊറ ല പ്പസ് കലൊമ എൈ ഗരര് നൽക യത് )

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയഗെ അഗ്െികൾച്ചറൽ ഡാറാ എക്സയ് ചഞ്ച് ആരിംഭിച്ച സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

ബതലുങ്കൊന

196
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 യകരളെിഗെ കാർഷ്ികയമഖെകൾ തിരിച്ച് യപാഷ്ക ഗ്പാധാനയമുള്ള വിളകളുഗട

ഉത്പാദനിം വർദ്ധിെിക്കുന്നതിനായി കൃഷ്ി വകുെ് ആരിംഭിച്ച പദ്ധതി ?

ഗരൊഷക സമൃദ്ധ മ ഷൻ

 സാധാരണക്കാർക്ക് കുറെ ഗചെവിൽ എ സി സ് യാഗ്ത ഒരുക്കുന്ന

ഗകഎസ്ആർടിസിയുഗട പുതിയ സർവീസ്?

ജനത സർവീസ്

 യകരളെിഗെ അധികാര വിയകഗ്ന്ദീകരണിം പാഠ്യപദ്ധതിയിൽ ഉൾഗെടുെിയ

യനൊളിഗെ സർവ്വകൊശാെ?

പ്ത ഭുവൻ യൂണ ഗവഴ്സ റ

 കക്കാടിംഗപായിൽ നാടുകാണി എന്നിവിടങ്ങളിൽ നിന്നുിം കഗണ്െിയ കല്ലൻതുമ്പി?

ചസരപ്ര കേുവ (പ്ഡൊഗൺ ചല )

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ അന്ത്രിച്ച എഴുെുകാരനുിം അധയാപകനുമായ വയക്തി?

സ ആർ ഓമനകുട്ടൻ

 ചാറ് േി പി ടി ക്ക് ദൊയി െൂെിൾ പുറെിറക്കുന്ന എ ഐ യസാൈ്റ്ഗവയർ?

ജമ ന

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ യപരുമാറിം അിംെീകരിക്കഗെട്ട ഔറിംെ ാദ് ഉസ്മാന േില്ലകൾ

ഏതു സിംസ്ഥാനൊണ്?

മഹൊരൊപ്ര

197
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 ഒസ്മാന ാദ് േില്ലയുഗട പുതിയ യപര്?

ധൊരൊ ശ് വ്

 ഔറിംെ ാദിഗെ പുതിയ യപര്?

ൈപ്തരത സൊിംഭൊജ നഗർ

 സതയേിെ് യറ ൈിെിിം ആൻഡ് ഗടെിവിഷ്ൻ ഇൻസ്റ്റിറയൂട്ടിഗെ ഗ്പസിഡണ്ുിം

െയവണിിംെ് കൗൺസിൽ ഗചയർമാനുമായി നാമനിർയദശിം ഗചയ്യഗെട്ട മെയാള
ചെച്ചിഗ്ത താരിം?

സുഗരഷ് ഗഗൊര

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ ഫെറ് ൗസ് ഗൈസ്റ്റിവെിന് യവദിയാകുന്ന സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

ഗഗൊവ

 ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ ആദയ കഗണ്യ്നർ തുറമുഖിം?

വ ഴ ഞ്ഞിം

 നയരഗ്ന്ദയമാദിയുഗട േന്മദിനയൊടനു ന്ധിച്ച് ‘നയമാ 11 യപായിന്റ് യഗ്പാഗ്ൊിം’ ഗ്പഖയാപിച്ച

ഇന്ത്യൻ സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

മഹൊരൊപ്ര

 ഭൂമിയുഗട ഉെരാർഥയൊളിം ഏറവുിം കൂടുതൽ ചുട്ടുഗപാള്ളിയ യവനൽക്കാെിം എന്ന

ഗറയക്കാർഡ് റിയൊർട്ട് ഗചയ്ത വർഷ്ിം?

2023

198
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 2023ഗെ ഫടിം മാെസിൻ ഗ്പസിദ്ധീകരിച്ച പുതിയ റിയൊർട്ട് ഗ്പകാരിം യൊകെിഗെ

ഏറവുിം മികച്ച കമ്പനികളുഗട പട്ടികയിൽ ഉൾഗെട്ട ഇന്ത്യൻ കമ്പനി?

ഇൻഗഫൊസ സ് (Infosys)

 സിംസ്ഥാനെ് നിപ ഫവറസ് കഗണ്ൊനുള്ള ICMR അിംെീകാരിം നൽകിയ

പരിയശാധന?

പ്േൂനൊറ

 അണ്ർ വാട്ടർ യലാട്ടിങ് യമാസ്ക് നിെവിൽ വരുന്നത് ?

ദു ൊയ്

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ മനുഷ്യ പരിണാമെിഗെ പുതിയ കണ്ണിയാകാൻ സാധയതയുള്ള

യൈാസിൽ കഗണ്െിയ രാേയിം?

ചൈന

 പരമ്പരാെത കരകൗശെ വിദെ്ധർക്കുിം ശിെ്പികൾക്കുിം സാമ്പെിക സ ായിം

ഉറൊക്കുന്നതിനുിം വിപണി കഗണ്െുന്നതിനുിം െക്ഷ്യമിട്ട് രൂപിം ഗകാടുെ പദ്ധതി?

ര എിം വ ശ്വകർമ്മ വൊയ്ര രദ്ധത

 ഇന്ത്യയിൽ ആദയമായി അഗ്െികൾച്ചർ ഡാറ എക്സയ് ചഞ്ച് ആരിംഭിച്ച സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

ബതലുങ്കൊന

 2023 -ഗെ യനാർമൻ യ ാർയൊെ് ൈീൽഡ് അവാർഡ് യനടിയത്?

സവൊത നൊയക്

199
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 ഇന്ത്യയിൽ ആദയമായി സ്ഗ്തീകഗള യക്ഷ്ഗ്ത പൂോരികളായി നിയമിക്കുന്ന

സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

തമ ഴ്നൊേ്

 12-മത് യവൾഡ് ാിം ു യകാൺഗ്െസ് (2024) യവദി?

തൊയ്വൊൻ

 വിദയാഭയാസ വകുെുമായി സ കരിച്ച് അയൽക്കൂട്ട അിംെങ്ങഗള

സ്കൂളുകളിഗെെിച്ച് വിവിധ വിഷ്യങ്ങളിൽ പരിശീെനിം നൽകുന്നതിനുള്ള
കുടുിം ഗ്ശീ കയാമ്പയിൻ?

ത ര ബക സ്കൂള ൽ

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ ഗടന്നീസ് മത്സരങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് വിരമിച്ച ഇന്ത്യൻ താരിം?

ഗരൊഹൻ ബ ൊപ്പണ്ണ

 ഇെർനാഷ്ണൽ കൺഗവൻഷ്ൻ ആൻഡ് എക്സയ് പാ ഗസെറിഗെ യപര്?

യഗശ്ൊഭൂമ (നയൂഡൽഹ )

 ഓൾ മുിംഫ മെയാളി അയസാസിയയഷ്ൻ ഏർഗെടുെിയ ഗ്പഥമ ഉേൻചാണ്ി

പുരസ്കാരിം െഭിച്ച സാമൂ ിക ഗ്പവർെക?

ഗമധൊരകർ

 എഗ്താമഗെ വയന്ദഭാരത് എക്സ്ഗ്പസ്സ് ആണ് യകരളെിന് ഇയൊൾ

അനുവദിച്ചിരിക്കുന്നത് ?
2 മബത്ത

200
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 ൊർേ് ൊിംയെവേ് യമാഡൽ അടിസ്ഥാനമാക്കി േമിനി എന്ന യപരിൽ പുതിയ എഐ

ചാറ് യ ാട്ട് പുറെിറക്കുന്ന കമ്പനി?

ഗൂഗ ൾ

 2023 ഐസിസി യൊകകെിഗെ ഔയദയാെിക ൊനിം?

ദ ൽ ജഷ്ന ഗ ൊബല

 2024 -ഐസിസി പുരുഷ് ടവെി 20 യൊകകെ് യവദി?

യു എസ് എ, ബവറ് ഇൻഡീസ്

 ശങ്കരാചാരയരുഗട ഗ്പതിമയുിം (ഏകാത്മകതാ കി ഗ്പതിമ) മയൂസിയവുിം സ്ഥാപിക്കഗെട്ട

സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

മധയപ്രഗദശ്് (നർമ്മദൊ നദ കരയ ലൊണ് പ്രത മയുിം മയൂസ യവുിം സ്ഥൊര ച്ചത് )

 ഏഷ്യയിഗെ കായികതാരങ്ങൾ മാഗ്തിം പഗങ്കടുക്കുന്ന ഏറവുിം വെിയ

കായികയമളയായ ഏഷ്യൻ ഗെയിിംസ് 2023-ൽ എവിഗടയാണ് നടക്കുന്നത്?

ചൈനയ ബല ഹൊങ് ൈൗവ ൽ (സര്തിം ർ 23 മുതൽ ഒഗേൊ ർ 8-വബര)

 2023 ഗസ്റ്റപ് റിൽ യുഗനസ്യകായുഗട യൊക ഫപതൃക പട്ടികയിൽ ഇടിം യനടിയ

ഗ ായ്സാെ യക്ഷ്ഗ്തങ്ങൾ സ്ഥിതി ഗചയ്യുന്ന സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

കർണൊേക

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ യുഗനസ്യകാ യൊക ഫപതൃക പട്ടികയിൽ ഇടിം യനടിയ

ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ വിദയാഭയാസ സ്ഥാപനിം?

വ ശ്വ ഭൊരത സർവകലൊശ്ൊല (ശ്ൊന്ത് ന ഗകതൻ, രശ്ച മ ിംഗൊൾ

ഇന്ത്യയ ൽ ന ൈുിം യുബനസ്ഗകൊ ഗലൊക ചരതൃക രട്ട കയ ൽ ഗനേുൈ 41 മബത്ത
സ്ഥലമൊണ് ശ്ൊന്ത് ന ഗകതൻ)

201
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 പാരാ കമാൻയഡാ ആകുന്ന ആദയ വനിതാ ആർമി സർേൻ?

ഗമജർ ഗഡൊ.രൊയൽ ൈപ്

 യകരളെിഗെ ഏറവുിം വെിയ പയെഡിയിം കൺഗവൻഷ്ൻ ഗസെർ

ഗ്പവർെനമാരിംഭിക്കുന്ന സ്ഥെിം?

കൊഞ്ഞങ്ങൊേ് (കൊസർഗകൊേ്)

 14- മത് യലാ ൽ സ്കിൽ ഉച്ചയകാടിയുഗട യവദി?

ഡൽഹ

 മികച്ച സാമൂ ിക ഗ്പവർെകർ ക്കായി ഏർഗെടുെിയതാണ് ഗ്പഥമ (2023)

ഉേൻചാണ്ി പുരസ്കാരിം െഭിച്ചത്?

ഗമധൊരകർ

 വിംശനാശഭീഷ്ണി യനരിടുന്ന ഇന്ത്യയിഗെ തനത് അെങ്കാരമത്സയമായ ഇൻഡിയൊ

ാർ ിഗെ കൃഗ്തിമ ഗ്പേനന സായങ്കതിക വിദയ വികസിെിച്ച യകരളെിഗെ
സർവകൊശാെ?

കുഗഫൊസ്

 കുഷ്്ഠ് യരാെ നിർോർജ്ജനെിഗെ ഭാെമായി കുട്ടികളിഗെ യരാെിം തുടക്കെിൽ

തഗന്ന കഗണ്െുന്നതിനായി സിംസ്ഥാന സർക്കാർ ആരിംഭിക്കുന്ന കയാമ്പയിൻ?

ൊല മ പ്ത 2.0 (ഗദശ്ീയ കുഷ്ഠഗരൊഗ ന ർമ്മൊർജ്ജന രര രൊേ യുബേ ഭൊഗമൊയ

ആഗരൊഗയവകുപ്പ് നേപ്പ ലൊകുൈ രര രൊേ യൊണ്)

 യകരളെിന് അനുവദിച്ച രണ്ാമഗെ വയന്ദ ഭാരത് സർവീസ് നടെുന്നത്?

കൊസർഗകൊേ് –ത രുവനന്ത്രുരിം

202
 SEPTEMBER 2023

 യതയിെ ൈാടറിമാെിനയങ്ങളിൽ നിന്ന് ൈാർമസയൂട്ടിക്കൽ ഉൽെന്നങ്ങൾ, ഭക്ഷ്യ

ഉൽെന്നങ്ങൾ എന്നിവ വികസിെിച്ച സ്ഥാപനിം?

IIT ഗുവൊഹത്ത

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ അന്ത്രിച്ച ഗ്പശസ്ത ഇന്ത്യൻ എഴുെുകാരിയുിം

യഡാകയുഗമെറി സിംവിധായകയുമായ വയക്തി?

ഗീത ഗമത്ത

 ഭാരതെിഗെ കൊസാിംസ്കാരിക ഫപതൃക ശക്തി ഗ്പചരിെിക്കാൻ ഉയേശിച്ച്

യദശീയതെെിൽ രൂപിം നൽകിയ ‘കൊകാന്ത്ി’ പദ്ധതിയുഗട
ഭാെമായി ഏർഗെടുെിയ ദുർൊഭാരത് സോൻ പുരസ്കാരെിന് അർ നായ
മെയാളി സാ ിതയകാരൻ?

േ രത്മനൊഭൻ

 2023 -ഗെ 45 മഗെ യൊക ഫപതൃക സമിതി യയാെെിഗെ യവദി?

റ യൊദ്

 ആദിവാസി തീരയദശ യമഖെകളിഗെ സ്കൂളുകളിഗെ തിരഗെടുെ 100

ഗപൺകുട്ടികളുഗട ഉന്നമനവുിം ശാക്തീകരണവുിം െക്ഷ്യമിട്ട് ഗഗ്പാേക്റ്
ഐഫറസിഗെ ഭാെമായി നടെിൊക്കുന്ന പദ്ധതി?

കളഗേഴ്സ് സൂപ്പർ 100

 അടുെിഗട അന്ത്രിച്ച സ്പാനിഷ്് ൊറിനയമരിക്കൻ ഭാഷ്കളിൽ നിന്ന് ഒയട്ടഗറ

കൃതികൾ ഇിംലീഷ്ിയെക്ക് വിവർെനിം ഗചയ്ത വിവർെക?

എഡ ത്ത് ഗപ്ഗൊസ്മൊൻ

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 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ അപൂർവ യൊ മായ വയനഡിയിം കഗണ്െിയ സിംസ്ഥാനിം?

ഗുജറൊത്ത്

 യുഗനസ്യകാ ഫപതൃക സ്മാരകമാക്കി ഗ്പഖയാപിച്ച ഗടൽ അൽ -സുൽൊൻ

ഗ്പയദശിം സ്ഥിതി ഗചയ്യുന്ന രാേയിം ?

രൊലസ്തീൻ (ബജറീഗകൊ)

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ സർക്കാർ സ്കൂളുകളിൽ മുഖിം മറക്കുന്ന നഖാ ് നിയരാധിച്ച

അറ ് രാേയിം?

ഈജ ര്ത്

 4- മത് നദി ഉത്സവിന് യവദിയാകുന്നത്?

നയൂഡൽഹ

 2023- ഗെ പത്മഗ്പഭ പുരസ്കാര യേതാവ്?

സുഭൊഷ് ൈപ്രൻ

 ഇന്ത്യയുഗട േി 20 ഗ്പസിഡൻസിഗയ കുറിച്ചുള്ള ഇ – ുക്ക്?

രീപ്പ ൾസ് ജ 20

 2023 ഗസപ്റിം റിൽ സിംസ്ഥാന തിരഗെടുെ് കേീഷ്ൻ ഗ്പസിദ്ധീകരിച്ച കരട്

യവാട്ടർ പട്ടികഗ്പകാരിം ഏറവുിം അധികിം യവാട്ടർമാരുള്ള പഞ്ചായെ്?

ഒളവണ്ണ (ഗകൊഴ ഗകൊേ്, ഏറവുിം കുറവ് ഇേമലകുേ രഞ്ചൊയത്ത് ഇേുക )

 2023 -ഗെ യദവരാേൻ ശക്തിൊഥാ പുരസ്കാര യേതാവ്?

എിം ജയൈപ്രൻ

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English Vocabulary
Synonyms and Antonyms

1. ENSUING

Synonyms: following, succeeding

Antonyms: previous

2. REVEL
Synonyms: make merry, party
Antonyms: mourn

3. DISSENSION

Synonyms: difference of opinion, dispute

Antonyms: agreement, accord

4. NEGATE
Synonyms: annihilate, disallow
Antonyms: allow, assist

5. QUEER
Synonyms: erratic, weird
Antonyms: sensible, sound

6. CORNUCOPIA
Synonyms: bounty, fullness
Antonyms: need, lack

7. FRET
Synonyms: be upset, be anxious
Antonyms: please, delight

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8. ETHEREAL
Synonyms: light, sublime
Antonyms: earthly, indelicate

9. UNLETTERED
Synonyms: ignorant, illiterate
Antonyms: educated, literate

10. SPRIGHTLY
Synonyms: agile, active
Antonyms: spiritless, lethargic

11. RESCIND
Synonyms: repeal, cancel
Antonyms: enforce

12. ERSTWHILE
Synonyms: old, past
Antonyms: present

13. FLAG (VERB)

Synonyms: weaken, falter
Antonyms: revive

14. RESUMPTION
Synonyms: restarting, reopening
Antonyms: suspension, abandonment

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15. EXODUS
Synonyms: withdrawal, evacuation
Antonyms: Arrival

16. CRAMP
Synonyms: impede, inhibit
Antonyms: facilitate

17. UPHEAVAL
Synonyms: upset, disturbance
Antonyms: stability

18. VICE
Synonyms: wrongdoing, wrong
Antonyms: virtue

19. FABLED
Synonyms: celebrated, renowned
Antonyms: unknown

20. PALPABLE
Synonyms: visible, noticeable
Antonyms: intangible

21. INSIDIOUS
Synonyms: subtle, surreptitious
Antonyms: Straightforward

22. DENT
Synonyms: reduce, lessen
Antonyms: increase

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23. CONDIMENT
Synonyms: Relish, Garnish
Antonyms: Bland

24. CONGLOMERATE
Synonyms: Consortium, Syndicate
Antonyms: Splitup

25. RATTLED
Synonyms: Upset, Nervous
Antonyms: Steady, Relaxed

Phrasal Verbs and Meanings

1. Bring up – to raise a topic for discussion
2. Call off – to cancel an event or arrangement
3. Come across – to find or discover something by chance
4. Get along – to have a good relationship with someone
5. Look after – to take care of someone or something
6. Put off – to delay or postpone something
7. Run into – to meet someone unexpectedly
8. Take off – to remove clothing or to leave a place quickly
9. Turn up – to arrive or appear unexpectedly
10. Work out – to solve a problem or to exercise

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CA Practice Questions
1. What is the Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP)?

A. A non-profit investigative journalism organisation

B. A law enforcement agency

C. A government watchdogs

D. A private intelligence firms

2. Who is Considered as the father of Indian Horticulture.

A. L.H. Bailey

B. M.H. Marigowda

C. K.L. Chadha

D. M.S. Swaminathan

3. The Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) constituted to adjudicate the water dispute between:

A. Kerala and Karnataka

B. Tamil Nadu and Karnataka

C. Kerala, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu

D. Kerala, Karnataka, Puducherry and Tamil Nadu

4. Which of the following cases are related to Uniform Civil code?

A. Sarla Mudgal vs. Union of India

B. Shayara Bano vs. Union of India

C. Shah Bano Begum vs Mohammad Ahmed Khan

D. All the above

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5. The theme of the G20 summit Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam or One Earth, One Family, One Future. is
derived from

A. Rig veda

B. Puranas

C. Upanishad

D. None of the above

6. Which among the following statements are Correct about the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle?

A. Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is the third generation launch vehicle of India.

B. It is the first Indian launch vehicle to be equipped with liquid stages.

C. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).

D. All the above

7. Which of the following statements about Lagrange Point L1 is true?

A. It is located 1.5 million kilometres inside the Earth's orbit, partway between the Sun and the Earth.

B. It is a point of gravitational equilibrium where the gravitational forces of the Sun and the Earth cancel
each other out.

C. It is a point where a spacecraft can be placed in a stable orbit around the Sun.

D. All the Above

8. Deflation is a state when :

A. General Fall in the prices of commodities

B. Consistent increase in prices of commodities

C. Fall in GDP

D. Collapse of Sensex

9. Select the correct statements regarding Project 17A Frigate, Mahendragiri :

1. The ship is named after a mountain peak in Eastern Ghats located in the state of Andhra pradesh.

2. Project 17A Frigates are follow-ons of the Project 17 Class Frigates (Shivalik Class), with
improved stealth features, advanced weapons and sensors, and platform management systems.

A. 1 only

B. 2 only

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C. Both 1 and 2

D. Neither 1 nor 2

10. Who has been recently nominated as the president of the Film and Television Institute of India(FTII).

A. Amitabh Bachchan

B. R. Madhavan

C. Akshay Kumar

D. Pankaj Tripathi

11. Which typhoon hits China and Hong Kong in September 2023?

A. Haikui

B. Doksuri

C. Mawar

D. Saola

12. Where is the 700 MW nuclear power plant located, which was indigenously built by India and will be
fully operational in September 2023?

A. Rawatbhata

B. Kaiga

C. Kakrapar

D. None of the above

13. Who is the chairman of the committee appointed by the central government to study the One Country
One Election proposal?

A. Ram Nath Kovind

B. Sanjay Agrawal

C. Vikas Agnihotri

D. Pradeep Nandrajog

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14. Which rocket was used to launch India's first solar mission, Aditya L1?

A. GSAT-7A

B. PSLV-C56

C. PSLV-C54

D. PSLV-C57

15. 2022-2023 Who has been voted UEFA Men's Player of the year?

A. Erling Holland

B. Lional Messi

C. Kevin De Bruyne

D. Kylian Mbappé

16. Which among the following are true about Cyclone:

A. Cyclones are a type of low-pressure environment with rapid outward air circulation.

B. In the Northern Hemisphere, air flows clockwise, while in the Southern Hemisphere, it
circulates counter clockwise.

C. Favourable Conditions for the Formation of Tropical Cyclones is a large area of water
surface with a temperature above 37° C.

D. None of the above

17. Which of the following Statements are correct about Gaganyaan Mission:

A. The Gaganyaan system module, called the Orbital Module will have three Indian
astronauts, including a woman.

B. It will circle Earth at a low-earth-orbit at an altitude of 300-400 km from earth

C. GSLV Mk III, also called the LVM-3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3,) the three-stage heavy lift
launch vehicle, will be used to launch Gaganyaan.

D. All the Above.

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18. Which of the following Schools of Indian Philosophy is not comes under Sanatana dharma:

A. Charvaka

B. Samkhya

C. Nyaya

D. Vaisheshika

19. Which of the following statements are true about the federalism system of government?

A. Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority and
various constituent units of the country.

B. In federalism, there is usually more than one level of government for the entire country.

C. In federalism, there will be a government at the level of provinces or states that look after much of
the day-to-day administering of their state.

D. All of the above.

20. Which Body handles the Complaints related to profiteering under Goods and Service Tax?

A. Niti Aayog

B. Competition Commission of india

C. GST Council

D. National Anti-Profiteering Authority

21. Which of the following act specified the Condition for being listed as a national or state party?
A. Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1950
B. Representation of the People Act (RPA), 1951
C. Election Symbols (Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968
D. None of the above

22. Which of the following factors can affect the carrying capacity of an environment?
A. The amount of pollution in the environment
B. The availability of food and water
C. The amount of space available for the species
D. All the above

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23. To renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women is a provision made in the

A. Preamble of the Constitution

B. Directive Principles of State Policy
C. Fundamental Rights
D. Fundamental Duties

24. Whoever attempts to commit suicide is an offence under which section of the IPC ?

A. Sec 305
B. Sec 306
C. Sec 309
D. Sec 308

25. Article 371 G of the Indian Constitution deals with the special provisions for the state of

A. Nagaland
B. Mizoram
C. Manipur
D. Tripura

26. Which of the following is not a key pillar of the Act East Policy?

A. Economic cooperation
B. Cultural ties
C. Strategic relationships
D. Military cooperation

27. World Health Statistics reports is published by

A. World Health Organisation
B. Food and Agriculture Organization
C. United Nation Environment programme
D. Global Health Council

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28. What is the main objective of Poshan Abhiyan?

A. Reduce Low Birth Weight (LBW)

B. Reduce the prevalence of anaemia among Women and Adolescent Girls in the age group of
15-49 years
C. Prevent and reduce under-nutrition (underweight prevalence) in children (0-6 years)
D. All the above

29. Which Constitutional Amendment Act included the provision for an authoritative text of the Constitution in
Hindi to the people of India?

A. 57th Constitutional Amendment Act 1987

B. 58th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1987
C. 61st Constitutional Amendment Act, 1988
D. 62nd Constitutional Amendment Act

30. Which Article empowers the Parliament to set up Central Administrative Tribunals and State
Administrative Tribunals ?
A. Art- 313
B. Art-323A
C. Art-321
D. Art 324

31. Dancing girl Sculpture belongs to which among the following site of Indus Valley Civilization?
A. Chanhudaro
B. Dholavira
C. Mohenjo-daro
D. Harappa

32. What are the objectives of the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)?
A. Mainstreaming tourism in the global agenda
B. Promoting sustainable tourism development
C. Fostering knowledge, education and capacity
D. All of the above

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33. Which among the following is / are incorrect regarding Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM)?
A. JJM is a Central Sector Scheme.
B. Aims to Provide functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) to every rural household .
C. The Jal Jeevan Mission will be based on a community approach to water and will include extensive
Information, Education and communication as
D. It will be based on a community approach to water and will include extensive Information, Education
and communication.

34. Which among the following is/are included in the strengthening of existing Ayush health programs?
A. SUPRAJA
B. VAYO MITRA
C. KARUNYA
D. All of the above

35. Which among the following Article of the Indian Constitution mandates that Parliament should meet at
least twice a year?
A. Article 75
B. Article 85
C. Article 91
D. Article 95

36.When a country’s central bank makes a conscious decision to lower its exchange rate in a fixed or
semi-fixed exchange rate is known as
A. Currency Appreciation
B. Currency Depreciation
C. Devaluation
D. Both B and C

37.Which one of the following groups of items is included in India's foreign-exchange reserves?
A. Foreign-currency assets, gold holdings of the RBI and SDRs
B. Foreign-currency assets, loans from the World Bank and SDRs
C. Foreign-currency assets, gold holdings of the RBI and loans from the World Bank
D. Foreign-currency assets, Special Drawing Rights (SDRs) and loans from foreign countries

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38.The demarcation line "Nine-dash Line" lies in which water body?

A. Yellow sea
B. East China Sea
C. Sea of Japan
D. South china Sea

39.Which of the following is not a millet?

A. Eleusine coracana
B. Panicum miliaceum
C. Setaria italica
D. Oryza sativa

40.The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper is

A. Intercontinental ballistic missile
B. Unmanned aerial vehicle
C. Fighter aircraft
D. Amphibious warfare ships

41.With reference to G7 (Group of Seven), Select the correct statements :

A. The G7 does not have a formal charter or a secretariat.
B. All the G7 countries are part of G20
C. The 49th G7 summit was held in Hiroshima, Japan.
D. All the Above

42.Which of the following statement is correct About S-400 Triumf Missile System :
A. The S-400 Triumf is a mobile, surface-to-air missile system (SAM) designed by Russia
B. The system can engage all types of aerial targets, within the range of 1000km, at an altitude of up to
20km.
C. Both A and B
D. Neither A or B

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43. Which of the following is a type of a dark pattern?

A. Urgency
B. Nagging
C. Bait and switch
D. All the Above

44.Which of the following is not a greenhouse gas?

A. Carbon dioxide
B. Sulphur dioxide
C. Methane
D. Nitrogen.

45 Among the following tiger reserves, which one has the smallest area under “critical tiger habitat”?
A. Namdapha Tiger Reserve
B. Manas Tiger Reserve
C. Bor Tiger Reserve
D. Achanakmar Tiger Reserve

46.With reference to Nipah Virus (NiV), select the correct statements :

A. Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus
B. It is transmitted through contaminated food or directly between people.
C. Human infections range from asymptomatic to acute respiratory infection and fatal encephalitis
are symptoms of NiV Virus
D. All the Above

47.The Retail inflation for Rural Labourer is compiled by :

A. Labour Bureau
B. The Monetary Policy Committee
C. National Statistical Office
D. National Sample Survey Office (NSSO).

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48.The Cauvery Water Management Authority is comes under which ministry

A. Ministry of Water Resources
B. Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.
C. Ministry of Jal Shakti
D. The Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation

49.Which section of the IPC deals with the Sedition ?

A. Section 124A
B. Section 124
C. Section 125
D. Section 126

50.Which of the following statement (s) is/are not correct about El Nino?

A. Trade winds become stronger than Normal

B. Reduced Upwelling Of deep nutrient rich water
C. Sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific rise
D. None of the above

51.Which of the following materials are used for Biofuels ?

A. Sugar
B. Wood chips
C. Algae
D. All the Above

52.90:70:90 strategy related to the elimination of ?

A. Diabetes
B. Tuberculosis
C. Liver cirrhosis
D. Cervical Cancer

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53.The ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity in our preamble have been taken from?
A. USA Constitution
B. French Revolution
C. Russian Revolution
D. Irish Constitution

54.When was the International Day of Democracy celebrated worldwide.

A. September 12
B. September 13
C. September 15
D. September 16

55.Which of the following is not an zoonotic diseases

A. Elephantiasis
B. Ebola
C. Bird flu
D. COVID-19.

56.The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of a State shall
be submitted to the
A. President
B. Governor
C. State legislature
D. Parliament

57.Which Constitutional Amendment Act made it simpler to elect the same person to lead two or
more states as governor?
A. 7th Amendment Act, 1956
B. 9th Amendment Act, 1960
C. 24th Amendment Act, 1971
D. 42nd Amendment Act, 1976

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58.Which of the following is NOT a goal of the Kyoto Protocol?

A. To reduce greenhouse gas emissions
B. To limit the increase in global average temperature to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial
levels
C. To provide financial assistance to developing countries to help them reduce their emissions
D. To phase out all greenhouse gas emissions by 2050

59.Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Awards are awarded annually for notable and outstanding research applied
or fundamental, in which of the following disciplines?
A. Biological Sciences
B. Chemical Sciences
C. Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences
D. All the above

60. With reference to Postal Services Bill 2023, select the incorrect statements:
A. The Bill establishes a licensing system for postal service providers, ensuring that
they meet the required criteria and standards.
B. The Bill seeks to replace the Indian Post Office Act of 1898.
C. The Bill seeks to revamp the postal department, especially its parcel services,
making them competitive with private players to generate revenue.
D. None of the Above

61.Consider the incorrect statements regarding Green revolution :

A. The revolution was launched to address India’s hunger crisis during the Third Five
Year Plan.
B. Its objective is producing stronger plants which could withstand extreme climates and
diseases.
C. Double cropping was a primary feature of the Green Revolution
D. None of the above

62. India Ageing Report is published by

A. United Nations Development Programme
B. United Nations Population Fund
C. The Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment
D. None of the above

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63. With reference to Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA),
Select the correct statements :

A. The primary objective of the scheme is to guarantee 100 days of employment in every financial
year
B. one-third of beneficiaries have to be women.
C. Wages must be paid according to the Minimum Wages Act, 1948.
D. All the above

64. Which of the following are the impacts of Current Account Deficit

A. Currency Depreciation
B. Debt accumulation
C. Inflation
D. All the above

65. Which is the nodal department for the formulation of the policy on Foreign Direct Investment :

A. SEBI
B. NABARD
C. RBI
D. Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade

66.Which of the Following is not an invasive plant species ?

A. Parthenium hysterophorus
B. Nelumbo
C. Lantana camra
D. Eichhornia crassipes

67.Select the Incorrect statements regarding constitutional & legislative provisions related to Human
Trafficking in India?
A. Trafficking in Human Beings or Persons is prohibited under the Constitution of India under Article
23 (1)
B. Section 370 and 370A IPC which provide for comprehensive measures to counter the menace of
human trafficking

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C. The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (ITPA) is the premier legislation for prevention of
trafficking for commercial sexual exploitation.
D. None of the above

68.The Vishwakarma Yojana is a pioneering scheme designed to uplift

A. Individuals skilled in traditional craftsmanship
B. Farmers
C. Self Help Groups
D. None of the above

69.Select the correct statements regarding Dhanush guns :

A. It is the first long range artillery gun to be produced in India
B. More than 80% of its components are indigenously sourced.
C. It have the range of 38 km, which is equipped with a navigation- based sighting system
D. All the above

70.Which article of the Indian Constitution laid that the Chief Minister is duty-bound to reply to the
Governor's queries?
A. Article - 167
B. Article -164
C. Article - 165
D. Article -162

71.Which of the following statements are Incorrect about the Hoysala Temple Architecture ?
A. Hoysala temples are sometimes called vesara
B. The plan of these temples is known as stellate-plan.
C. developed under the rule of the Hoysalas between 11th and 14th century and is mostly
concentrated in southern Karnataka.
D. None of the above

72.Select the correct statements on Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar prizes :

A. These prizes will be awarded only for the excellence in environmental science
B. The prizes also had a significant cash component.
C. These Awards are given only to the citizens
D. None of the above

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73.Which of the following points are used by spacecraft as parking spots in space
A. Low earth orbit
B. Geosynchronous Transfer Orbit
C. lagrange Point
D. none of the above

74.The first-ever report on global impact of high BP is published by

A. World Health Organisation
B. Red Cross
C. ADR Publications
D. Food and Agriculture Organisation

75.Xpert MTB/RIF test is used to diagnose Which of the following disease ?

A. Nipah
B. HIV
C. Tuberculosis
D. Covid-19

76. Which of the following ministries is the Swachhata Special Campaign 3.0 Portal?

A. Ministry of health and family welfare

B. Ministry of Rural development
C. Ministry of Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions
D. Ministry of Environment, forest and climate change

77. Which of the following cities hosts the 4th G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group Meeting?

A. Bengaluru
B. Guwahati
C. Mumbai
D. Varanasi

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78. Which of the following is the online platform introduced by IRDAI to transform the insurance sector in
the country?
A. Saral Jeevan Bima
B. Bima Sugam
C. Bima Bharosa
D. Bharat Griha Raksha

79. Which of the following countries launched Nagorno-Karabakh?

A. Armenia
B. Azerbaijan
C. Hungary
D. Russia

80. Which of the following statements regarding the 'Nari Sakthi Vandan' bill is not true?
A. It is the 128th constitution amendment bill
B. gives 1/3rd reservation for women in lok sabha and state assemblies
C. the bill inserted article 330A for reservation of women in lok sabha
D. the bill inserted article 239AA for reservation of women in state assemblies

81. Which of the following phylum includes the animal species that was recently named after APJ
Abdul Kalam?
A. Tardigrada
B. Loricifera
C. Tunicata
D. Placozoa

82. Where is the Buddh International Circuit (BIC) racetrack located in India?
A. Pune
B. Bengaluru
C. Greater Noida
D. Hyderabad

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83. All reported births and deaths in the country will be digitally registered on the Centre’s portal
from which date?
A. October 1, 2023
B. December 1, 2023
C. January 1, 2024
D. April 1, 2024

84. Which of the following countries conduct SIMBEX?

A. Zimbabwe and India
B. India and Singapore
C. Malaysia and India
D. Srilanka and India

85. Which of the following comes under India's initiatives to attain UHC(Universal Health Coverage)?
A. Ayushman Bharath
B. Universal Immunization Coverage
C. Ayushman Bharath Digital Mission
D. All of the above

86. Which state launched ‘Griha Adhar’ and ‘Chavath e Bazaar’ initiatives?
A. Maharashtra
B. Rajasthan
C. Goa
D. Odisha

87. Which among the following categories of people is eligible for the Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar?
A. Scientists in government sector
B. Scientists in private sector
C. People of Indian origin living abroad with exceptional contributions benefiting Indian
communities
D. All of these

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88. Which Indian state launched a free breakfast scheme in schools for students, after Tamil Nadu?
A. Kerala
B. Telangana
C. West Bengal
D. Rajasthan

89. As per recent research, exposure to which element was linked to 5.5 Million Cardiovascular
Disease Deaths Globally in 2019?
A. Chromium
B. Lead
C. Cadmium
D. Titanium

90. Which scarce element has been found in the sediments collected from the Gulf of Khambhat?
A. Indium
B. Gallium
C. Vanadium
D. Zirconium

91.Who among the following Indian scientists won the Norman E. Borlaug award for 2023?
A. Swati Nayak
B. Selvarani Elangovan
C. Saradamba Annasamudram
D. Chandrima Saha

92.In which among the following states are 'Hoysala temples' situated?
A. Telangana
B. Karnataka
C. Tamil Nadu
D. Andhra Pradesh

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93.Which of the following states announced Mukhyamantri Shramik Kalyan Yojana (MMSKY)?
A. Maharashtra
B. Sikkim
C. Arunachal Pradesh
D. Meghalaya

94.Chief ministers from which of the following states has been awarded the Lee Kuan Yew
Exchange Fellowship?
A. Nagaland
B. Assam
C. Tripura
D. Sikkim

95.In which of the following states was the 'Statue of Oneness' inaugurated?
A. Gujarat
B. Madhya Pradesh
C. Telangana
D. Karnataka

96. The international organisation which facilitates international police cooperation is..?
A. Permanent Court of Arbitration
B. Interpol
C. International Court of Justice
D. All the above

97. Select the Incorrect Statements with reference to Gaganyaan mission:

A. It is India’s first manned space mission.
B. The mission will be placed in a geosynchronous orbit
C. India will become the 4th country to send humans to space after the USA, Russia, and China.
D. None of the above

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98. Which of the following states in India receives the highest rainfall from the retreating monsoon?
A. Tamil Nadu
B. Odisha
C. Kerala
D. West Bengal

99.India is not a member of which Development Institutions of the World Bank ?

A. International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
B. International Finance Corporation
C. Multilateral Guarantee Agency
D. International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes

100.Under which Article of the Constitution of India, the State Governor can withhold his assent
to the bill passed by the state legislature ?
A. Article 169
B. Article 180
C. Article 200
D. Article 201

Answers

1. Ans: A
Explanation:

The Organized Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) is a non-profit investigative journalism
organisation that was founded in 2006. It has a network of journalists and media partners in over 30
countries. The OCCRP's mission is to expose corruption and organised crime, promote transparency and
accountability, and protect human rights.

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2. Ans: B

Explanation:
Horticulture is the branch of agriculture concerned with intensively cultured plants directly used by man for
food, medicinal purposes and aesthetic gratification. In simpler words, it is cultivation, production and sale
of vegetables, fruits, flowers, herbs, ornamental or exotic plants. The term Horticulture is derived from the
Latin words hortus (garden) and cultūra (cultivation). L.H. Bailey is considered the Father of American
Horticulture and M.H. Marigowda is considered the Father of Indian Horticulture. K.L. Chadha is
considered as Father of Modern Horticulture.

3. Ans : D
Explanation:

The Government of India constituted the Cauvery Water Disputes Tribunal (CWDT) on June 2, 1990, to
adjudicate the water dispute between the states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and Puducherry with
respect to the inter-state Cauvery water and river basin.

4. Ans: D
Explanation:

The Uniform Civil Code is mentioned in Article 44 of the Indian Constitution, which is part of the Directive
Principles of State Policy. These principles are not legally enforceable but are meant to guide the state in
making policies. The only state in India that has a UCC is Goa,

 Important Cases Related to UCC :

 Shah Bano Begum v. Mohammad Ahmed Khan (1985):
 The Supreme Court upheld the right of a Muslim woman to claim maintenance from her husband under
Section 125 of the Criminal Procedure Code, even after the expiry of the Iddat period.It also observed
that a UCC would help in removing contradictions based on ideologies.
 Sarla Mudgal v. Union of India (1995):
 The Supreme Court held that a Hindu husband cannot convert to Islam and marry another woman
without dissolving his first marriage. It also stated that a UCC would prevent such fraudulent conversions
and bigamous marriages.
 Shayara Bano v. Union of India (2017):

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The Supreme Court declared the practice of triple talaq as unconstitutional and violative of the dignity and
equality of Muslim women. It also recommended that the Parliament should enact a law to regulate Muslim
marriages and divorces.

5. Ans: C
Explanation :

The theme of the international summit is "Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam" or “One Earth · One Family · One
Future." It is derived from a famous ancient Sanskrit text, Maha Upanishad. The theme, which gives the
message of global unity, is a perfect slogan for international grouping.

6. Ans: D
Explanation:
Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is the third generation launch vehicle of India. It is the first Indian
launch vehicle to be equipped with liquid stages.
 It is an expendable medium-lift launch vehicle.
 It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun-
synchronous orbits – a service that until the advent of the PSLV in 1993, was commercially
available only from Russia.
 PSLV can also launch small size satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).
 Some notable payloads launched by PSLV include India's first lunar probe Chandrayaan-1, India's
first interplanetary mission, Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) and India's first space observatory,
Astrosat.

7. Ans: D
Explanation:
Lagrange Point:
It is a point of gravitational equilibrium where the gravitational forces of the Sun and the Earth cancel each
other out. Lagrange Point L1 is located about 1.5 million kilometres inside the Earth's orbit, partway
between the Sun and the Earth. , so a spacecraft placed there will stay in a stable orbit.

8. Ans: A
Explanation:
The term "deflation" refers to a general fall in the prices of commodities. Although it may appear to be
beneficial, it is not good for the economy. Deflation is commonly linked to economic slowdowns, poor

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productivity, and job losses. Inflation lowers the value of money, while deflation raises it. This encourages
consumers to save money now in order to buy products later when they are cheaper. And as a result of
this economic behaviour, growth slows down even more.

9. Ans : B
Explanation:
 Mahendragiri, the last Project 17A Frigate, will be launched on 1st September 2023.
 The ship is named after a mountain peak in Eastern Ghats located in the state of Orissa.
 Project 17A Frigates are follow-ons of the Project 17 Class Frigates (Shivalik Class), with improved
stealth features, advanced weapons and sensors, and platform management systems.
 Mahendragiri is a technologically advanced warship and stands as a symbol of India's determination
to embrace its rich naval heritage.
 Project 17A ships have been designed in-house by the Indian Navy’s Warship Design Bureau.

10. Ans: B
Explanation:
Ranganathan Madhavan (born 1 June 1970) is an Indian actor, writer, director, and producer who
predominantly appears in Tamil and Hindi movies. Over the course of his career, he has been a recipient
of several accolades including one National Film Award, four Filmfare Awards South and one Tamil Nadu
State Film Award. Currently, he serves as the President of Film and Television Institute of India .

11. Ans: D
Explanation:
Typhoon Saola has made landfall in southern China after forcing the evacuation of nearly 900,000 people
and suspending business and transport in Hong Kong and other coastal areas.

12. Ans: C

Explanation:
India's first indigenously developed 700 MW nuclear power plant in Gujarat's Kakrapar.

13. Ans: A
Explanation:
Ram Nath Kovind is the chairman of the committee appointed by the central government to study the One
Country One Election proposal.

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14. Ans: D
Explanation:
The Aditya L1 mission launched on the PSLV-C57 rocket from the Satish Dhawan Space Center in
Sriharikota.

15. Ans: A
Explanation:
Manchester City's record-breaking striker Erling Haaland has been named 2022/23 UEFA Men's Player of
the Year. The 23-year-old was ruthless in front of goal, scoring 52 goals in 53 games across all competitions.

16. Ans: D
Explanation :
Cyclones are a type of low-pressure environment with rapid inward air circulation.
In the Northern Hemisphere, air flows counterclockwise, while in the Southern Hemisphere, it circulates
clockwise.
Favourable Conditions for the Formation of Tropical Cyclone is a large area of water surface with a
temperature above 27° C.

17. Ans: D
Explanation:
 Gaganyaan is a mission by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).
 Three flights will be sent into orbit. There will be two unmanned flights and one human spaceflight.
 The Gaganyaan system module, called the Orbital Module will have three Indian astronauts, including a
woman.
 It will circle Earth at a low-earth-orbit at an altitude of 300-400 km from earth for 5-7 days.
 GSLV Mk III, also called the LVM-3 (Launch Vehicle Mark-3,) the three-stage heavy lift launch vehicle,
will be used to launch Gaganyaan as it has the necessary payload capability.

18. Ans: A
Explanation:
 Philosophy arose in India as an enquiry into the mystery of life and existence. Indian Philosophy
refers to several traditions of philosophical thought that originated in the Indian subcontinent.
 Orthodox (astika) schools, originally called sanatana dharma, are collectively referred to as Hinduism
in modern times. The ancient Vedas are their source and scriptural authority. Hinduism consists of
six systems of philosophy & theology.

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 Samkhya (Kapila), Yoga (Patanjali), Nyaya (Gautama Muni), Vaisheshika (Kanada), Purva Mimamsa
(Jaimini), Vedanta.
 Charvaka is an Unorthodox School of Indian Philosophy.

19. Ans: D
Explanation:
 Federalism is a system of government in which the power is divided between a central authority
and various constituent units of the country.
 In federalism, there is usually more than one level of government for the entire country.
 In federalism, there will be a government at the level of provinces or states that look after much of
the day-to-day administering of their state.

20. Ans: B
Explanation:
The Competition Commission of India (CCI) is the body responsible for handling all complaints related to
profiteering under the Goods and Services Tax (GST). The CCI is a statutory body established under the
Competition Act, 2002. Its primary role is to promote fair competition in the Indian market and prevent anti-
competitive practices. In addition to its competition-related functions, the CCI also has the authority to
address complaints related to profiteering under the GST regime. Under the GST framework, if a business
is found to have engaged in profiteering by not passing on the benefits of tax reduction or input tax credit
to consumers, complaints can be lodged with the CCI. The CCI investigates such complaints.

21. ANS: C
Explanation:
The Election Commission lists political parties as “national party”, “state party” or “registered (unrecognised)
party”.The conditions for being listed as a national or a state party are specified under the Election Symbols
(Reservation and Allotment) Order, 1968. A party has to satisfy any one of a number of these conditions.

 For recognition as a NATIONAL PARTY, the conditions specified are:

 6% vote share in the last Assembly polls in each of any 4 states, as well as 4 seats in the last Lok
Sabha polls; or
 2% of all Lok Sabha seats in the last such election, with MPs elected from at least 3 states; or
 Recognition as a state party in at least 4 states.

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22. ANS: D
Explanation:
Carrying capacity of an environment :
 Carrying Capacity (CC) can be defined as the population that can be supported indefinitely by its
supporting systems.
 In ecological terms, the carrying capacity of an ecosystem is the size of the population that can be
supported indefinitely upon the available resources and services of that ecosystem.
 In the broader sense, carrying capacity also means that all plants and animals which an area of the
Earth can support at once. Change in carrying capacity for one species affects other populations in
the area.
 factors can affect the carrying capacity of an environment:
 The amount of pollution in the environment, The availability of food and water, The amount of space
available for the species, The climate.

23. ANS : D
Explanation:
Fundamental Duties
Article 51 A (e) :
Promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending
religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity
of women.

24. ANS: C
Explanation:
IPC Section 309 states: Whoever attempts to commit suicide and does any act towards the commission of
such offence, shall be punished with simple imprisonment for a term which may extend to one year or with
fine, or with both.

25. ANS : B
Explanation:
Article 371 G of the Indian Constitution deals with the special provisions for the state of Mizoram.

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26.ANS: D
Explanation:
The key pillars of the Act East Policy are: Economic cooperation: The Act East Policy aims to promote
economic cooperation with countries in the Indo-Pacific region through trade, investment, and infrastructure
development.
Cultural ties: The Act East Policy also aims to strengthen cultural ties with countries in the Indo-Pacific region
through people-to-people exchanges, education, and tourism.
Strategic relationships: The Act East Policy seeks to develop strategic relationships with countries in the
Indo-Pacific region to promote peace and stability in the region.

27. ANS : A
Explanation:
 World Health Organization
 It is a United Nations’ specialised agency for Health founded in 1948.
 Its headquarters are situated in Geneva, Switzerland.
 There are 194 Member States, 150 country offices, six regional offices.
 It is an intergovernmental organisation and works in collaboration with its member states usually
through the Ministries of Health.
 Reports: World Health Statistics, World Health Report, Global Tuberculosis Report, Global Health
Observatory (GHO) data, Global Hepatitis Report, Global Report on Diabetes, Global Status Report
on Alcohol and Health etc.
28.ANS : D

Explanation:
Objectives of Poshan Abhiyan
 Prevent and reduce Stunting in children (0- 6 years)
 Prevent and reduce under-nutrition (underweight prevalence) in children (0-6 years)
 Reduce the prevalence of anaemia among young Children(6-59 months)
 Reduce the prevalence of anaemia among Women and Adolescent Girls in the age group of 15-49
years
 Reduce Low Birth Weight (LBW)
29. ANS : B
Explanation:
The 58th Constitutional Amendment Act, 1987 included the provision for an authoritative text of the
Constitution in Hindi to the people of India by the President.

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30.ANS: B
Explanation:
Article 323A empowers the Parliament to set up Central Administrative Tribunals and State Administrative
Tribunals for adjudication of disputes and complaints with respect to recruitment and conditions of service of
persons appointed in Public services.
Article 323A was added to the constitution by the 42nd Constitutional Amendment 1976.
To enforce Article 323A, Administrative Tribunals Act 1985 was enacted to provide details on composition,
functions and powers.
The SAT has original jurisdiction over recruitment and all service matters involving state employees.

31.Answer : C
Explanation:
Dancing Girl Sculpture belongs to the Mohenjo Daro, an Indus Valley Civilization (IVC) site, dated to circa
2500 BCE. It is made up of bronze. Sculpture is named Dancing Girl owing to her posture, with her right hand
on the back of her hip and the left hand resting on her left thigh.

32. Answer : D
Explanation:
UN agency responsible for promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism.
Objectives: Mainstreaming tourism in the global agenda , Promoting sustainable tourism development
Fostering knowledge, education and capacity building.Improving tourism competitiveness.

33. Answer : A

Explanation:
JJM has achieved a total of 13 Crore Rural Households Tap Connections. It is a Centrally Sponsored
Scheme (launched in 2019) by the Ministry of Jal Shakti. Aims: Provide functional Household Tap
Connection (FHTC) to every rural household i.e., Har Ghar Nal Se Jal (HGNSJ) by 2024. Significance of
JJM: Access to safe and clean drinking water, Improvement in ease of living, Empowers women etc.

34. Answer : D

Explanation:
The National Ayush Mission continues to support the establishment of Ayush facilities in various healthcare
centres, the development of Ayush educational institutions, and the expansion of Ayush healthcare services
throughout the country.Union Ayush Ministers has called for strengthening of existing Ayush health programs
namely: AYURVIDYA:

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It aims to promote Healthy Lifestyle through AYUSH for School Children in 75000 Schools. SUPRAJA: It
aims to provide maternal & neonatal Intervention for both the foetus and mother. VAYO MITRA: It aims to
provide Geriatric Healthcare Services to the elderly. KARUNYA: It aims to provide palliative services.

35. Answer : B

Explanation:
The Constitution of India does not mention the term “Special Session”. Term sometimes refers to sessions
the government has convened for specific occasions. Article 85 mandates that Parliament should meet at
least twice a year (gap between two sessions should not exceed six months). By convention, Parliament
meets for three sessions in a year. However, provision does not prevent summoning of Parliament more
often and these extra sessions are referred to as special sessions. Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary
Affairs determines date and duration of parliamentary sessions. The President then summons MPs for the
session.

36. Answer : C
Explanation:
When a country’s central bank makes a conscious decision to lower its exchange rate in a fixed or semi-
fixed exchange rate is known as Devaluation.

37. Answer : A
Explanation:
In India’s foreign exchange reserve, it includes foreign currency deposits, bonds, gold reserves, SDRs and
IMF reserve position. Foreign exchange reserves are an important part of the international investment
position of a country

38. Answer : D
Explanation:
Nine-dash Line is a demarcation line used by China and Taiwan to stake the ownership claim for different
islands of the South China Sea. These islands include Paracel Islands, Spratly Islands, Pratas Islands etc.
This line covers the "Great Wall of Sand", the Chinese area of land reclamation of different islands of the
South China Sea.

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39.Answer : D
Explanation:
Millets are a highly varied group of small-seeded grasses, widely grown around the world as cereal crops
or grains for fodder and human food. Most species generally referred to as millets belong to the tribe
Paniceae, but some millets also belong to various other taxa.

Millets are important crops in the semiarid tropics of Asia and Africa (especially in South India, Mali, Nigeria,
and Niger), with 97% of millet production in developing countries.[2] This crop is favoured due to its
productivity and short growing season under dry, high-temperature conditions.

Types of Millets :
 Eleusine coracana: Finger millet
 Panicum miliaceum: Proso millet
 Panicum sumatrense: Little millet
 Setaria italica: Foxtail millet,
 Echinochloa frumentacea: Indian barnyard millet, etc...
Oryza sativa, commonly known as rice, is the plant species most commonly referred to in English as rice
is not a Millets

40. Answer : B
Explanation:
The General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper (sometimes called Predator B) is an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)
capable of remotely controlled or autonomous flight operations, developed by General Atomics Aeronautical
Systems (GA-ASI) primarily for the United States Air Force (USAF). The MQ-9 and other UAVs are referred
to as Remotely Piloted Vehicles/Aircraft (RPV/RPA) by the USAF to indicate ground control by humans.

The MQ-9 is a larger, heavier, more capable aircraft than the earlier General Atomics MQ-1 Predator and
can be controlled by the same ground systems. The Reaper has a 950-shaft-horsepower (712 kW)
turboprop engine (compared to the Predator's 115 hp (86 kW) piston engine). The greater power allows
the Reaper to carry 15 times more ordnance payload and cruise at about three times the speed of the
MQ-1,

41. Answer : D
Explanation:
 It is an intergovernmental organisation that was formed in 1975.

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 The bloc meets annually to discuss issues of common interest like global economic governance,
international security and energy policy.
 The G7 countries are the UK, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the US.
 All the G7 countries and India are a part of G20.

The G7 does not have a formal charter or a secretariat. The presidency, which rotates among member
countries each year, is in charge of setting the agenda. Sherpas, ministers and envoys hammer out policy
initiatives before the summit.

The 49th G7 summit was held in Hiroshima, Japan.

42.Answer : A
Explanation:
The S-400 Triumf is a mobile, surface-to-air missile system (SAM) designed by Russia. It is the most
dangerous operationally deployed modern long-range SAM (MLR SAM) in the world, considered much
ahead of the US-developed Terminal High Altitude Area Defence system (THAAD).
The system can engage all types of aerial targets including aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and
ballistic and cruise missiles within the range of 400 km, at an altitude of up to 30 km.
The system can track 100 airborne targets and engage six of them simultaneously.
In October 2018, India signed a 5.43 billion USD deal with Russia for the S-400 Triumf missile system
despite objections from the US and the threat of sanctions under Countering America’s Adversaries
Through Sanctions Act (CAATSA).

43.Answer : D
Explanation:
A dark pattern is a user interface that has been crafted to trick or manipulate users into making choices
that are detrimental to their interest – such as buying a more expensive product, paying more than what
was initially disclosed, sharing data or making choices based on false or paid-for reviews, and so on.
Types of Dark Pattern :
 Urgency : This tactic creates a sense of urgency or scarcity to pressure consumers into making a
purchase or taking an action.
 Tricks : Things that make users do things they did not mean to.
 Nagging :It refers to persistent, repetitive and annoyingly constant criticism, complaints, requests
for action.

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 This is commonly seen when websites ask you to download their app, or platforms ask you to give
them your phone number or sign up to their services.
 Bait and switch : This involves advertising one product or service but delivering another, often of
lower quality.

44.Answer : D
Explanation:
Greenhouse gases are a subset of gases that trap heat in the Earth’s atmosphere. This effect is
responsible for the so-called greenhouse effect and global warming. The most prevalent greenhouse gas
is water vapour, which is mostly present in the atmosphere as a result of evaporation.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) – is the most important greenhouse gas.Long-lived carbon dioxide is emitted from
industries that use coal and oil, as well as by changes in land use and forest fires.
Methane (CH4) – is also a greenhouse gas. It is produced by livestock, natural gas and petroleum systems,
and landfills.
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) – is a major air pollutant that is also a greenhouse gas. Sulphur dioxide comes from
the burning of coal and oil. Emissions are reducing as a result of the Clean Air Act, but they are still too
high.
Nitrogen has no effect on global warming either way because nitrogen is an inert gas that does not react
with other substances or affect the climate in any way whatsoever. Hence, Nitrogen is not a greenhouse
gas.

45.Answer : C
Explanation:
The smallest tiger reserve in India is the Bor Tiger Reserve in Maharashtra. It has a total area of 138
square kilometres, of which 78 square kilometres is the core or critical tiger habitat.
The critical tiger habitat is the area within a tiger reserve that is essential for the survival of tigers. It is
where tigers find their food, water, and shelter. The smaller the critical tiger habitat, the more vulnerable
the tigers are to threats such as poaching and habitat loss.

46. Answer : D
Explanation:
Nipah virus(NiV) is a member of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Henipavirus. It is a zoonotic virus,
meaning that it initially spreads between animals and people. The animal host reservoir for NiV is the
fruit bat (genus Pteropus), also known as the flying fox. Given that NiV is genetically related to Hendra
virus, another henipavirus known to be carried by bats, bat species were quickly singled out for
investigation and flying foxes were subsequently identified as the reservoir.

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Infected fruit bats can spread the disease to people or other animals, such as pigs. People can become
infected if they have close contact with an infected animal or its body fluids (such as saliva or urine)—
this initial spread from an animal to a person is known as a spillover event. Once it spreads to people,
person-to-person spread of NiV can also occur.It is transmitted through contaminated food or directly
between people. Human infections range from asymptomatic to acute respiratory infection and fatal
encephalitis are symptoms of NiV Virus.

47. Answer : A
Explanation:
Retail Inflation:Retail inflation, also known as Consumer Price Index (CPI) inflation, is the rate at which
the prices of goods and services that consumers buy for personal use increase over time.
It measures the change in the cost of a basket of goods and services that are typically purchased by
households, including food, clothing, housing, transportation, and medical care.
Four types of CPI are as follows:
 CPI for Industrial Workers (IW).
 CPI for Agricultural Labourer (AL).
 CPI for Rural Labourer (RL).
 CPI for Urban Non-Manual Employees (UNME).

Of these, the first three are compiled by the Labour Bureau in the Ministry of Labour and Employment.
Fourth is compiled by the NSO in the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation.

48. Answer : C
Explanation:
The Centre, by way of a notification, officially brought the Cauvery Water Management Authority (CWMA)
under the Jal Shakti Ministry.
Jal Shakti Ministry was formed at the Union in May 2019, by merging the Ministry of Water Resources and
the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.
The Central government notified the Cauvery Water Management Scheme on June 1, 2018.
The CWMA was formed as a quasi-judicial authority by the Centre, with its own powers like an
independent body.
This was to implement the water-sharing award of the Cauvery Water Dispute Tribunal.
The water sharing was to be carried out as modified by the Supreme Court earlier in 2018.
[CWMA comprises a Chairman, a secretary and eight members.

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49. Answer : A
Explanation:
Section 124A of IPC – Sedition
The IPC Section 124 A says, “Whoever, by words, either spoken or written, or by signs, or by visible
representation, or otherwise, brings or attempts to bring into hatred or contempt, or excites or attempts
to excite disaffection towards the Government established by law in India shall be punished with [im-
prisonment for life], to which fine may be added, or with imprisonment which may extend to three years,
to which fine may be added, or with fine

50. Answer : A
Explanation:
 El-Nino :
 El Niño is a loose translation of “little boy” or “Christ child” in Spanish.
 Earlier, it was also called “El Niño de Navidad” since it peaks around December.
 El Niño is the warming of sea waters in the Central-east Equatorial Pacific that occurs every few
years (Warm phase off the coast of Peru).
 During El Niño, surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific rise
 This weakens the trade winds — east-west winds that blow near the Equator.
Due to El Niño, easterly trade winds that blow from the Americas towards Asia change direction to turn into
westerlies.
It thus brings warm water from the western Pacific towards America.
Under El Niño, upwelling (deeper waters rise towards the surface) of deeper waters is reduced, thus reducing
phytoplankton off the coast.
Fish that eat phytoplankton are affected, followed by other organisms higher up the food chain.

51. Answer : D
Explanation:
 Any hydrocarbon fuel that is produced from an organic matter (living or once living material) in a short
period of time (days, weeks, or even months) is considered a biofuel.
 Biofuels may be solid, liquid or gaseous in nature.
 Solid: Wood, dried plant material, and manure
 Liquid: Bioethanol and Biodiesel
 Gaseous: Biogas
 materials which are used for Biofuels:
 sugar, starch, vegetable oil, animal fats , stems, husks, wood chips, and fruit skins and peeling, algae

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52. Answer : D
Explanation:
WHO estimates that achieving and sustaining the 90:70:90 targets will avert 74 million new cases of cervical
cancer and 62 million deaths in 78 low- and middle-income countries in the coming decades.
The 90-70-90 strategy is related to accelerated action in prevention, screening cervical cancer management,
to reach the following targets by 2030:
 90% of girls fully vaccinated with HPV (Human Human papillomavirus vaccine by 15 years
 70% of women are screened with a high-performance test by 35 and 45 years of age, precancerous
lesions are treated early
 90% of women identified with cervical disease receive treatment

53. Answer : B
Explanation:
The ideals of liberty, equality, and fraternity in our preamble have been taken from the French Revolution.

54. Answer : C
Explanation:
The International Day of Democracy is celebrated around the world on 15 September each year. It was
established through a resolution passed by the UN General Assembly in 2007, encouraging governments
to strengthen and consolidate democracy.

55. Answer : A
Explanation:
WHO in 1959 defined that Zoonoses are those diseases and infections which are naturally transmitted
between vertebrate animals and man.
Zoonoses may be bacterial, viral, or parasitic, or may involve unconventional agents.
Ebola, bird flu, Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), Rift Valley fever, sudden acute respiratory
syndrome (SARS), West Nile virus, Zika virus disease, and, COVID-19 are examples of Zoonotic diseases.
Elephantiasis is not a zoonotic disease.

56. Answer : B
Explanation:
According to Article 151 the reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts
of the Union shall be submitted to the president, who shall cause them to be laid before each House of
Parliament.

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The reports of the Comptroller and Auditor-General of India relating to the accounts of a State shall be
submitted to the Governor of the State, who shall cause them to be laid before the Legislature of the State.

57.Answer : A
Explanation:
The Governor is the State's chief executive head. But, like the President, he/she is only a ceremonial head
of State (titular or constitutional head).
In addition, the Governor serves as a representative of the Union Government. Thus, the Governor's office
serves a dual purpose.
Normally, each State has its own Governor, but the 7th Constitutional Amendment Act of 1956 made it
easier to appoint the same individual to serve as Governor of two or more States.

58. Answer : D
Explanation:
The goal of the Kyoto Protocol is to stabilise greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level
that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
To limit the increase in global average temperature to 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
To provide financial assistance to developing countries to help them reduce their emissions
This goal is achieved by setting binding emissions reduction targets for industrialised countries and
economies in transition. The first commitment period of the Kyoto Protocol ran from 2008 to 2012, and the
second commitment period ran from 2013 to 2020.
The Kyoto Protocol also includes a number of flexibility mechanisms that allow countries to meet their
emissions reduction targets in a more cost-effective way. These mechanisms include emissions trading,
joint implementation, and the Clean Development Mechanism.
The Kyoto Protocol does not set a goal of phasing out all greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. Its goal is to
reduce emissions by a certain amount compared to 1990 levels.

59.Answer : D
Explanation:
The Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Awards are the highest multidisciplinary science awards in India.
They are named after Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar, the founder and director of the CSIR, who was also a
renowned chemist and visionary.
Purpose:

Recognition of outstanding Indian work in science and technology.

Nature of the Prize:

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SSB Prizes, each of the value of Rs 5,00,000 (Rupees five lakh only), are awarded annually for notable
and outstanding research applied or fundamental, in the following disciplines: (i) Biological Sciences, (ii)
Chemical Sciences, (iii) Earth, Atmosphere, Ocean and Planetary Sciences, (iv) Engineering Sciences, (v)
Mathematical Sciences, (vi) Medical Sciences and (vii) Physical Sciences.

60.Answer : A
Explanation:
The Bill seeks to replace the Indian Post Office Act of 1898, which governs the functioning of post offices
in the country. The bill seeks to revamp the postal department, especially its parcel services, making them
competitive with private players to generate revenue. It also seeks to enhance financial services in rural
areas through the postal system.
There is no such aim of Bill to establish a licensing system for postal service providers, ensuring that they
meet the required criteria and standard.

61. Answer : A
Explanation:
The Green Revolution was an endeavour initiated by Norman Borlaug in the 1960s. He is known as the
'Father of Green Revolution' in the world.It led to him winning the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for his work
in developing High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of wheat.In India, the Green Revolution was mainly led by
M.S. Swaminathan.
The Green Revolution resulted in a great increase in production of food grains (especially wheat and rice)
due to the introduction into developing countries of new, high-yielding variety seeds, beginning in the mid-
20th century.

Objectives of Green Revolution

 The revolution was launched to address India’s hunger crisis during the second Five Year Plan.
 The long term objectives included overall agriculture modernization based on rural development,
industrial development; infrastructure, raw material etc.
 To provide employment to both agricultural and industrial workers.
 Producing stronger plants which could withstand extreme climates and diseases.
 Globalisation of the Agricultural World: By spreading technology to non-industrialized nations and setting
up many corporations in major agricultural areas.
 Double cropping was a primary feature of the Green Revolution. The decision was made to have two crop
seasons per year instead of just one.

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62. Answer : B
Explanation:
The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) released a report in 2023, titled the "India Ageing Report,"
which highlights the significant demographic shift India is experiencing with an increasingly ageing
population.

Key findings and implications of the report

 Rapid Growth of Elderly Population
 The report estimates a decadal growth rate of 41% for the elderly population in India.
 It predicts that by 2050, the elderly population will make up over 20% of India's total population.
 By 2046, it is expected that the elderly population will surpass the population of children aged up to 15.
 Economic Challenges
 More than 40% of India's elderly population is in the poorest wealth quintile, and around 18.7% of them
live without any income.
 This high level of poverty among the elderly can negatively impact their quality of life and their ability to
access healthcare services.
 Gender Disparities
 The report highlights gender disparities in life expectancy among the elderly.
 Women, on average, have a higher life expectancy at the ages of 60 and 80 compared to men.
This is a trend seen across several states and union territories in India.

63. Answer : D
Explanation:
MGNREGA is one of the largest work guarantee programmes in the world launched in 2005 by the Ministry
of Rural development.
The primary objective of the scheme is to guarantee 100 days of employment in every financial year to
adult members of any rural household willing to do public work-related unskilled manual work.

As of 2022-23, there are 15.4 crore active workers under the MGNREGA.
Unlike earlier employment guarantee schemes, the act aims at addressing the causes of chronic poverty
through a rights-based framework.
At least one-third of beneficiaries have to be women.
Wages must be paid according to the statutory minimum wages specified for agricultural labourers in the
state under the Minimum Wages Act, 1948.

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64. Answer : D
Explanation:
Current account deficit (CAD) is when the value of a country's imports of goods and services is greater than
its exports.
CAD and fiscal deficit together make up twin deficits that can impact the stock market and investors.
Impacts of Current Account Deficit :
Weaker Currency: When a country's imports exceed its exports, it can cause a decrease in demand for its
currency, leading to a weaker currency value (depreciation).

This can make imports more expensive, leading to higher inflation and a reduction in purchasing power.
Debt Accumulation: If a country is unable to finance its current account deficit with foreign investment, it
may need to borrow to cover the gap.

65. Answer : D

Explanation:
Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade is the nodal department for the formulation of the
policy on Foreign Direct Investment

66. Answer : B
Explanation:
Invasive species are species that are not local or native to a specific area but keep spreading quickly in an
aggressive manner in the new habitat they arrive in. They reproduce fast, and their numbers get
uncontrollably high. They are harmful and can cause huge economic and environmental harm to the new
area.
Some of the invasive species found in India are: Alternanthera philoxeroides, Cassia uniflora, Chromolaena
odorata, Eichhornia crassipes, Lantana camara, Parthenium hysterophorus, Prosopis juliflora, Nelumbo
nucifera, also known as Sacred lotus, Indian lotus, or simply lotus, is one of two extant species of aquatic
plant in the family Nelumbonaceae.

67.Answer : D
Explanation:
Trafficking in Human Beings or Persons is prohibited under the Constitution of India under Article 23 (1)
The Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act, 1956 (ITPA) is the premier legislation for prevention of trafficking for
commercial sexual exploitation.

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Criminal Law (amendment) Act 2013 has come into force wherein Section 370 of the Indian Penal Code has
been substituted with Section 370 and 370A IPC which provide for comprehensive measures to counter the
menace of human trafficking including trafficking of children for exploitation in any form including physical
exploitation or any form of sexual exploitation, slavery, servitude, or the forced removal of organs.
Protection of Children from Sexual offences (POCSO) Act, 2012, which has come into effect from 14th
November, 2012 is a special law to protect children from sexual abuse and exploitation. It provides precise
definitions for different forms of sexual abuse, including penetrative and non-penetrative sexual assault,
sexual harassment.
There are other specific legislations enacted relating to trafficking in women and children Prohibition of Child
Marriage Act, 2006, Bonded Labour System (Abolition) Act, 1976, Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation)
Act, 1986, Transplantation of Human Organs Act, 1994, apart from specific Sections in the IPC, e.g. Sections
372 and 373 deal with selling and buying of girls for the purpose of prostitution.

68.Answer : A
Explanation:
The Vishwakarma Yojana is a pioneering scheme designed to uplift individuals skilled in traditional
craftsmanship, particularly from the Other Backward Classes (OBC) community.

This scheme, named after the divine architect and craftsman Vishwakarma, seeks to preserve and enhance
the guru-shishya parampara (teacher-pupil tradition) of passing down skills within families engaged in various
artisanal trades.

69.Answer : D
Explanation:
Dhanush is the first indigenous artillery gun with a calibre of 155mm x 45mm. It is the first long range artillery
gun to be produced in India, having a range of 38 km, which is equipped with a navigation- based sighting
system, on board ballistic computation and an advanced day and night direct firing system.
It has been developed by Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), Kolkata based on requirements of Indian Army
and manufactured by Jabalpur-based Gun Carriage Factory (GCF) and 81 % of its components are
indigenously sourced.

70.Answer : A
Explanation:
Article 167 : Duties of Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the Governor, etc.
It shall be the duty of the Chief Minister of each State—

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(a) to communicate to the Governor of the State all decisions of the Council of Ministers relating to the
administration of the affairs of the State and proposals for legislation;

(b) to furnish such information relating to the administration of the affairs of the State and proposals for
legislation as the Governor may call for; and

(c) if the Governor so requires, to submit for the consideration of the Council of Ministers any matter on
which a decision has been taken by a Minister but which has not been considered by the Council.

71. Answer : D
Explanation:
Hoysala Temple Architecture :
It is the building style developed under the rule of the Hoysalas between 11th and 14th century and is mostly
concentrated in southern Karnataka.
Hoysala temples are sometimes called hybrid or vesara as their unique style seems neither completely
dravida nor nagara, but somewhere in between.
They are easily distinguishable from other mediaeval temples by their highly original star-like ground-plans
and a profusion of decorative carvings.
The temples, instead of consisting of a simple inner chamber with its pillared hall, contain multiple shrines
grouped around a central pillared hall and laid out in the shape of an intricately-designed star.
The most characteristic feature of these temples is that they grow extremely complex with so many
projecting angles emerging from the previously straightforward square temple, that the plan of these
temples starts looking like a star, and is thus known as a stellate-plan.

72. Answer : D
Explanation:
Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar prizes :
These prizes will be awarded annually for physics, chemistry, biological sciences, mathematics and
computer science, earth science, medicine, engineering science, agricultural science, environmental
science, technology and innovation, atomic energy, space science and technology, and a 13th category,
simply called others.
These awards will not include any cash component, instead, they will likely bestow a certificate and a
medallion on the awardee.
The new awards will also be open to persons of Indian origin (PIOs), though a maximum of one such may
be awarded the Vigyan Ratna, while three PIOs each can be selected for the Vigyan Shri and the VY-SSB.
However, PIOs will not be eligible for the Vigyan Team awards.

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73. Answer : C
Explanation:
Lagrange Points are positions in space where the gravitational forces of a two-body system - the Sun and
Earth - produce enhanced regions of attraction and repulsion. These points are used by spacecraft as
‘parking spots’ in space to remain in a fixed position with minimal fuel consumption.

74. Answer : A
Explanation:
WHO releases its first-ever report on global impact of high BP

75. Answer : C
Explanation:
The Xpert MTB/RIF assay is a new test that is revolutionising tuberculosis (TB) control by contributing to
the rapid diagnosis of TB disease and drug resistance. The test simultaneously detects Mycobacterium
tuberculosis complex (MTBC) and resistance to rifampin (RIF) in less than 2 hours. In comparison, standard
cultures can take 2 to 6 weeks for MTBC to grow and conventional drug resistance tests can add 3 more
weeks. The information provided by the Xpert MTB/RIF assay aids in selecting treatment regimens and
reaching infection control decisions quickly.

76. Answer : C
Explanation:
Dr Jitendra Singh,the Union Personnel, Public Grievances & Pensions Minister launched the Swachhata
Special Campaign 3.0 Portal.

Swachhata campaign, the first mass awareness campaign launched by PM Modi on August 15, 2014 soon
after taking over charge in May, 2014, achieved four primary objectives including change in work culture,
eOffice, use of Open Spaces and Archive culture.

77. Answer : D

Explanation:
The G20 Sustainable Finance Working Group (SFWG) aims to mobilise sustainable finance to help ensure
global growth and stability and promote the transition towards greener, more resilient and inclusive societies
and economies. The G20 Sustainable Finance Report, 2023 was also finalised in the meeting held in
Varanasi.

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78. Answer : B
Explanation:
The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDAI) is set to introduce an online platform
called ‘Bima Sugam,’ which plans to transform the insurance sector in the country. Bima Sugam aims to
become the world’s largest online market for insurance products and services. The platform’s role will
encompass insurance purchase, servicing, and claims settlement, offering a seamless experience to
policyholders while reducing paperwork and associated costs.

79. Answer : B

Explanation:
Azerbaijan has launched a military operation against Armenian forces in Nagorno-Karabakh. The region is
referred to as Artsakh by Armenians and is a landlocked mountainous area in South Caucasus. It was
claimed by both Azerbaijan and Armenia after the fall of the Russian Empire in 1917 and has remained a
point of tension ever since. The territory is recognized as part of Azerbaijan, but its inhabitants are
predominantly ethnic Armenians.

80. Answer : D
Explanation:
Since women have low representation in Lok Sabha and in the state assemblies, it is essential to have
reservation for women to ensure they have proper representation. Therefore, after twenty seven years since
the Women's Reservation Bill was first introduced in the parliament, the Lok Sabha has passed the 128th
constitutional amendment bill 2023, named as Nari Shakti Bill on 20th of September, 2023. the bill inserts
article 330A which will give 1/3rd reservation for women in Lok Sabha, article 332A which will give 1/3rd
reservation for women in state assemblies, article 239AA which will give 1/3rd reservation for women in
assembly of NCT of Delhi. Reservation will also extend to seats reserved for SCs and STs in Lok Sabha and
state assemblies. The duration of the reservation will be for 15 years and can be extended
further. Reservation will come into effect after completion of delimitation exercise based on the first Census
conducted after the passage of the Bill.

81. Answer : A
Explanation:
A new species of marine tardigrade has been named after former President A.P.J. Abdul Kalam by
researchers. Tardigrades (Water Bears), are microscopic eight-legged animals. Belong to species known as
extremophiles (survive in extreme conditions, up to 30 years without food or water). Under Extreme

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conditions, they go into a state of suspended animation called the “tun” state—in which the body dries out
and appears as a lifeless ball.

82. Answer : C
Explanation:
The international motorsports body for two-wheelers, FIM, has given approval to the Buddh International
Circuit (BIC) in Greater Noida to host the country’s first MotoGP race, the Grand Prix of India.

83. Answer : A

Explanation:
According to a government notification, all reported births and deaths in the country will be digitally registered
on the Centre’s portal from October 1. The Registration of Births and Deaths (Amendment) Act, 2023 that
paves way for digital birth certificates which will be a single document to be used for admission to educational
institutions, applications for driving licence, government jobs, passports or Aadhaar, voter enrolment, and
registration of marriage, among others, will come into effect from October 1.

84. Answer : B
Explanation:
Singapore India Maritime Bilateral Exercise (SIMBEX) is an annual bilateral naval exercise between India
and Singapore.

85. Answer : D

Explanation:
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) means that all people have access to a full range of quality health
services without financial hardship. UHC report is jointly published by WHO and the World bank. UHC is
tracked using two indicators, under 2030 SDGs, - UHC Service Coverage Index (SCI) - Coverage of
essential health services, Out-of-pocket health Expenditure (OOPE) measuring catastrophic health
spending. India's initiatives to achieve UHC include, Ayushman Bharath,Universal Immunization Coverage,
Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, National Health Policy 2017 etc.

86. Answer : C
Explanation:
Goa has launched two new schemes namely 'Griha Adhar' and 'Chavath e Bazaar'. Goa Chief Minister
Pramod Sawant distributed Griha Adhar sanction orders, a program aimed at financially supporting

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homemakers and improving their quality of life. He also launched “The Chavath e Bazaar,” a digital initiative
empowering Goan entrepreneurs and self-help groups, under the Swayampura Goa Programme. The
government plans to provide free training to women in packaging and selling food items under
Swayampurna Goa 2.0.

87. Answer : D

Explanation:
To acknowledge remarkable contributions made by scientists across diverse fields of science & technology,
the government has introduced a new set of awards called the Rashtriya Vigyan Puraskar which will be
announced 11th of May(National Technology day) and the award ceremony will be held on 23rd of August
(National Space Day). Award will be given in 13 domains, including Physics, Chemistry, Atomic Energy,
Space, etc. Eligible people will be Scientists in the government sector, Scientists in the private sector,
People of Indian origin living abroad with exceptional contributions benefiting Indian communities. Award
will be given in 4 Categories: Vigyan Ratna which Celebrates lifetime accomplishments, Vigyan Shri Award
which Commends distinguished contributions, Vigyan Yuva-Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Award to Recognize
young scientists up to the age of 45 years, Vigyan Team Award which Recognizes teams comprising three
or more scientists, researchers, or innovators for collaboratively achieving remarkable feats.

88. Answer : B

Explanation:
Telangana government has announced the implementation of the Chief Minister’s Breakfast Scheme. The
initiative is set to kick off on October 24. Students in classes 1 to 10 attending government schools will
receive a nutritious breakfast.
89. Answer : B

Explanation:
Recent studies have shown that lead exposure was responsible for approximately 30% of all
cardiovascular disease deaths globally in 2019, equating to around 5.5 million people.

The study found that global lead exposure had health and economic costs comparable to fine particulate
matter 2.5 (PM2.5) air pollution. Lead exposure affected lower-income countries and resulted in the loss
of 765 million IQ points in children under five.

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90. Answer : C

Explanation:
Vanadium is a scarce element, hard, silvery grey, ductile and malleable transition metal with good
structural strength and corrosion-resistant. Vanadium has major applications in battery technology, iron
and steel industry etc. Vanadium has been found in sediment collected from the Gulf of Khambhat, Gujarat.
Vanadium is listed among 30 critical minerals identified by India. Karnataka, Maharashtra, Odisha have
major Vanadium reserves in India. Major reserves of vanadium are located in China (largest producer and
consumer), Russia and South Africa. Largest exporter of Vanadium is Brazil.
91. Answer : A
Explanation:
Swati Nayak, who is fondly called as 'Bihana Didi' (Seed lady), by local communities in Odisha, has been
awarded the Norman E. Borlaug award in 'Field research and application' category. Ms. Nayak and her
team has formulated a strategy for introducing the drought- tolerant 'shahabhagi dhan' variety in Odisha.

92. Answer : B
Explanation:
UNESCO has officially added Karnataka’s Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas to its prestigious World
Heritage list. These temples are famous for their exceptional cultural and historical significance. The
Sacred Ensembles of Hoysalas include renowned temples in Belur, such as the Chennakesava Temple,
and Halebid, featuring star-shaped architectural plans.

93. Answer : C
Explanation:
The state of Arunachal Pradesh has announced Mukhyamantri Shramik Kalyan Yojana (MMSKY) under
which maternity benefits, natural death compensation, accidental death compensation, funeral
assistance, medical assistance, and more have been significantly increased. The scheme was
announced as a part of National Labour day celebrations.

94. Answer : B
Explanation:
The Lee Kuan Yew Exchange Fellowship is named after Singapore’s founding Prime Minister, Mr. Lee
Kuan Yew, which recognises people who have made significant contributions to their nation’s
development and bilateral relations with Singapore. Assam Chief Minister Himanta Biswa Sarma has
been awarded the Lee Kuan Yew Exchange Fellowship, recognizing his contributions to the development
of Assam.

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95.Answer : B
Explanation:
'Statue of Oneness' is related to Acharya Shankar.

96. Answer : B
Explanation:
Interpol is the world’s largest international police organisation. Established in 1923, it enables cross-
border police cooperation and supports and assists all organisations, authorities and services whose
mission is to prevent or combat international crime.

97.Answer : B
Explanation:
Gaganyaan is India's first manned space mission, Gaganyaan will be the Indian crewed orbital spacecraft
intended to be the basis of Indian Human Space Flight Program. GSLV Mk III, the three-stage heavy lift
launch vehicle, will be used to launch Gaganyaan as it has the necessary payload capability. The mission
will have a payload of 7 tons. It will circle Earth at a low-earth-orbit at an altitude of 300-400 km from earth
for 5-7 days. Technically, objects in low-Earth orbit are at an altitude of between 160 to 2,000 km above the
Earth’s surface. The mission will be placed in the Low Earth orbit. The International Space Station (ISS) is
also placed in this orbit.With the successful launch of Gaganyaan, India will become only the 4th country
after Russia, the USA and China to send humans to space.

98. Answer : A
Explanation:
The Monsoon winds start retreating in the months of October and November because at this time, the
Monsoon trough of low pressure over the Ganga Plains becomes weaker due to Southwest movement of
the Sun. The low pressure trough is gradually replaced by high pressure, marking the retreat.

99.Answer : D
Explanation:
The World bank was created in 1944, as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
along with the IMF. The IBRD later became the World Bank. The World Bank Group is a unique global
partnership of five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared
prosperity in developing countries. The World Bank is one of the United Nations' specialised agencies. It
has 189 member countries.

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 India is also a member country.

 Its Five Development Institutions:
 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
 International Development Association (IDA)
 International Finance Corporation (IFC).
 Multilateral Guarantee Agency (MIGA)
 International Centre for the Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID), India is not a
member of ICSID.

100.Answer : C
Explanation:
Article 200:
Article 200 of the Indian Constitution outlines the process for a Bill passed by the Legislative Assembly of a
State to be presented to the Governor for assent, who may either assent, withhold assent or reserve the
Bill for consideration by the President.
The Governor may also return the Bill with a message requesting reconsideration by the House or Houses

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