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Oral Comm. Reviewer

This document discusses several models and elements of the communication process. It describes: 1) Shannon and Weaver's model which views communication as a linear process from sender to receiver, passing through various potential interferences. 2) The MU Constructivist model which emphasizes that the receiver's interpretation is based on their own experiences and internal/external factors. 3) Elements of the communication process including the sender, receiver, message, channel, encoding, decoding, feedback, and noise.

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Stephen Gagarin Sidayon
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29 views

Oral Comm. Reviewer

This document discusses several models and elements of the communication process. It describes: 1) Shannon and Weaver's model which views communication as a linear process from sender to receiver, passing through various potential interferences. 2) The MU Constructivist model which emphasizes that the receiver's interpretation is based on their own experiences and internal/external factors. 3) Elements of the communication process including the sender, receiver, message, channel, encoding, decoding, feedback, and noise.

Uploaded by

Stephen Gagarin Sidayon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VALUES OF simplified view based on the idea that

meanings are only in words.


COMMUNICATION
STIMULUS AND RESPONSE
SPONTANEOUS AND FLEXIBILTY
Communication in this view is simply
Recognizing that communication is
about the speaker who conveys a
transactional and dynamic, not
message or create a
mechanistic or static.
movement that serves as the stimulus,
AUTHENTICITY AND HONESTY
and the reaction to the message will
Being real and genuine, not always serve as the response.
putting on a show to impress or
‘stimulus’ is anything that a person can
manipulate others.
receive through one of his senses. And
HERE AND NOW a ‘response’ is anything that an
individual does as a reaction to the
This value is the key to really getting to
stimulus.
know others intimately.
TRANSACTIONAL
EMPATHY
In the transactional view of
Recognizing that there are other selves
communication, every aspect of the
and showing them kindness and
process is both an effect, stimulus and
respect. It is being sensitive.
response, sender and receiver,
CONFIDENTIALITY AND TRUST message and medium. In other words, a
transaction is a process of simultaneous
Being faithful and committed to the other
influence.
person to keep their confidences.
ACCEPTANCE AND AFFIRMATION
Choosing to have a positive attitude
about others on your team.
Barriers to Intercultural
Communication
PREJUDICE
WAYS OF LOOKING AT Prejudice is a negative attitude and
COMMUNICATION feeling toward an individual based solely
on one’s membership in a particular
ONE-WAY PHENOMENA social group, such as gender, race,
One-way phenomena is about ethnicity, nationality, social class,
constructing a good message, religion, sexual orientation, profession,
organizing it and delivering it and it and many more.
stops there. However, this way of
looking at communication is an over
ETHNOCENTRICITY maintain discipline over employees and
workplace.
Ethnocentrism assumes our culture or
co-culture is superior to or more Performance ratings would be the basis
important than others and evaluates all of one’s increase of salary or his/her
other cultures against it. promotion.
STEREOTYPING PROVIDING INFORMATION
Stereotyping is a act of generalization Vital information is disseminated
that doesn't take individual differences throughout an organization either
into account. through written, oral, or social media
communication.
A monthly executive meeting maybe an
avenue to introduce to a new office
ASSUMPTION OF SIMILARITIES
policy or ruling.
It is important to avoid interpreting
PROVIDING FEEDBACK
another individual's behavior through
your own cultural lens. When you give feedback, it means you
offer a helpful response to someone's
ANXIETY
work or idea.
Although not as detrimental as
ethnocentrism or stereotypes, anxiety
can prevent us from making intercultural Functions of
connections that will enrich our lives. Communication According
to John C. Condon, Jr. in
his book titled “Semantics
Functions of and Communication”
Communications According PHATIC COMMUNICATION
to Study Guides of
We exchange words to show that we
Management recognize the presence of another.
MOTIVATION PREVENTION OF COMMUNICATION
It is the compelling force that drives
employees to become committed to This aims to stop communication. An
their work and feel enthusiastic about it indirect way to say “I don’t want to talk
when there are other competing to you anymore.”

demands.
CONTROL
A company uses effective
communication strategies as a way to
READING-TRANSMITTING FUNCTION CHANNEL
Taking down notes, comments and This is the pathway through which the
interactions during discussion or message travels to reach the
interviews are some ways practicing this destination. The channel maybe oral,
function of communication. visual, or audio visual.
INSTRUMENTAL COMMUNICATION ENCODING
When the sender sends message, it is This is the process of planning out the
decoded and something takes place as messages to be transmitted to the
the result of message sent. receivers.
AFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION DECODING
Affective communication refers to the This is to analyze and interpret the
expression of feelings about things, message. Decoding results
others and themselves. differently due to the various types of
listeners.’
CATHARSIS
FEEDBACK
Catharsis is the process of releasing or
venting out emotions and thereby Whenever you talk with someone, you
providing relief from, strong or are aware of that person’s reactions –
repressed emotions. verbal, facial, and physical.
NOISE
Noise refers to anything that interfere
Elements of Communication with or hinders the transmission and
SPEAKER reception of the message.
The person who creates and transmits
the message. He maybe called the
sender, source, or encoder. Elements of Communication
Process
LISTENER 1. SHANNON AND WEAVER
He is the one who receives, analyses, According to Shannon and Weaver's Model,
understands, and interprets the an information begins from the message
message. source which is transmitted to the receiver.
Before the message is received by the
MESSAGE receiver, the message pass through various
Message is the element transmitted in interferences such as noise. Then, the
communication. It may consist of idea, receiver receives.
opinion, information, feeling, emotion, or
attitude, or skill.
2. MU CONSTRUCTIVIST MODEL 6. BARLUND’S TRANSACTIONAL
MODEL
The MU Constructivist Model is a modified
version of the Schramm Model where a a two-way process that acknowledges the
common "field of experience" is emphasized active participation of both the sender and
The way the receiver will decode or interpret receiver in constructing meaning.
the sender's message will be based on the Dependent to cues.
light of his/her frame of reference (past
experience. stored knowledge, etc.) and
internal and external factors (weather,
place, and mood).
3. SCHRAMM MODEL
The emphasis of the Schramm Model is the
"held of experiences" concept. It is assumed
here that every individual communicator has
within himself past and present experiences
that help him relate to other communicators.
These experiences form a "field" of
experiences from which he draws meaning
at any point of communication.
4. DANCE’S MODEL
This Dance model looks like a helix which
shows that each interaction in a
communication alters each of the
participants, and so has an effect on what
follows. Its geometrical shape connotes that
communication, as it moves upward is
somehow affected by the other factors as
symbolized by its intertwining spirals. The
helix-like communication is progressing
upward even as it, turns back upon itself
and is affected by its past confirmations.
5. BERLO’S MODEL
In this model of communication, we
presume that communication transpires
within four faction: source, message,
channel, and receiver. A source, or speaker,
gives a message that passes through a
channel (either visual or auditory or audio-
visual). A receiver, or listener,

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