Downloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in SCHOOL NAME Physics investigatory project NAME: CLASS: XII ROLL NO: SESSION: 2023-24 Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Student Name has suceéssfully completed her Physics project titled TOUCH SENSOR under the supervision and guidance of PHYSICS*PEACHER in thepartial fulfillment.ofthe Biology practical assessment conducted duringtthe academic year 2023-2024. EXAMINER TEACHER Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my immense gratitude to my physics teacher TEACHER NAME for the help and guidance he/she provided for completing this project. I also thank my parents who gave their ideas and inputs in making this project. Most of all I thank our school management, for providing us the facilities and opportunity to do this project. Lastly, I would like to thanks my classmates who have done this project along with me. Their support made this project fruitful. -STUDENT NAME Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in INDEX a se FJ Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in TOPIC Investigatory Project on Touch Sensor Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in INTRODUCTON Touch sensor has been common nowadays for displays and loT projects with Arduino. They can be found in lamps, touch screens of smartphones, and other wide arrays of applications as well. However, do you understand the working principle of a touch sensor and how to make a simple touch sensor? What is touch sensor? A touch sensor is an electronic sensor used in detecting and recording physical touch. Also known as tactile sensors, it’s a small, simple, low-cost sensor made to replace old mechanical switches we seen in the past. Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in TOUCH SENSOR WORKING PRINCIPAL The Touch Sensor is sensitive to touch, pressure as well as force. The Touch Sensor works similar to that of a simple switch. When there is contact or a touch on the surface of the Touch Sensor. It acts like a closed switch and allows the current to flow through it. When the contact is released it acts similar to the opened switch and hence there is no flow of current. From below diagram you can understand how the touch sensor works No contact "Touch Sensor Touch Sensor No Flow of current Flow of current Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in APPLICATIONS OF TOUCH SENSOR As mentioned in introduction, a touch sensor is used for a wide array of applications, with those being: Touch sensor in robotics; a touch sensor is commonly used in robots, enabling basic movement and the ability to detect touch in its surroundings (E.g. When the robot runs:into something, the touch sensor can have it to stop moving) Smartphones, automotive, industrial applications Touch sensor faucet in kitchens; allowing for control of running water without having to physically turn the knob Touch sensor switches are used in. place of physical press switch Most other applications that require pressure/distance measurement Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in TYPES OF TOUCH SENSOR As per their functions, the Touch Sensors are classified into two types which are used in different circumstances and utilities. 1. Capacitive touch sensor 2. Resistive touch sensor Capacitive Touch Sensor A Capacitive touch sensor measures touch based on electrical disturbance from a change in capacitance. It consists of an electrode film on top of the glass panel that’s conductively coated with a printed circuit pattern around the outer viewing area. How capacitive touch sensor work: The user applies touch on the glass panel The printed circuit panel around the outer viewing area of the glass panel creates an electrical. charge across the surface It results in a decrease in capacitance and allows the system to determine the touchpoint Multiple touchpoints can be detected as well, allowing for touch pinch and spread Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in Capacitive touch sensor applications: Portable devices such as smartphones and tablets (iPhones, iPad, etc.) > Home applications such as touch lamps >» Automotive > Industrial Advantages of a capacitive touch sensor: Doesn’t require pressure to be applied since it’s built on the glass itself, hence making force insignificant to sensing requirements > Support for multi-touch > High responsiveness Disadvantages of a capacitive touch sensor: » Vulnerable to abrasion > Reliability concerns when used in harsh environments > Doesn’t work with gloves or stylus Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in Resistive touch sensor Resistive touch sensor measures touch through responding to the pressure applied to their surface. It consists of two conductive layers and a non-conductive separator. Unlike the capacitive touch sensors, it’s not multi-touch compatible. And also, these sensors can’t sense the small contact or touch. Resistive Touch Sensor requires an amount force to operate. How resistive touch sensor work: The user applies pressure against-the surface The outside conductive layer is then pressed against the inner layer, resulting in voltage changes The voltage changes are-then compared to the.starting voltage, allowing for the point at which the touch took place to be calculated Resistive touch sensor applications: Musical instruments, touchpads, ete. Older music players, game consoles, etc. Office equipment Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in Advantages of a resistive touch sensor: > Cost-effective and durable to be used in harsh environments » Able to be used with stylus and gloves > Less complex > Low power consumption Disadvantages of a resistive touch sensor: > The inability for multi-touch technology unlike the capacitive touch sensors > Dependent on pressure, require more pressure to be applied for sensing to take place Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in Capacitive vs Resistive Touch Sensor Factors Capacitive touch sensor Resistive touch sensor How it measures Electrical disturbance from a change in capacitance Amount of pressure applied to the surface Multi touch Multi touch capable, Not multi touch capable Pressure Requirement Does not require’ pressure to be applied Require and relies on pressure to be applied Compatibility with gloves/stylus Doesn’t work with) gloves ur stylus Work with gloves or stylus Applications Portable devices; smartphones and tablets Home applications Automotive and industrial usages Musical instruments, touchpads, etc Older music players, game consoles Office equipment Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in MAKING OF A TOUCH SENSOR Hopefully! You are quite familiar with the things like What is touch sensor, Types of touch sensor, It’s application in real life ete Now it’s time to make it practical, So you can make a simple working model of touch sensor by following below steps. MATERIAL REQUIRED . Cardboard . 9V Battery . Battery Clip .3V LED . 1K Q Resistor . BCS47 Transistor . 6-12V Buzzer . Connecting Wire . Metal pin Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in PROCEDURE » First of all, draw below circuit diagram on cardboard + > Now fix all the components at their respective places as shown in circuit diagram » And then connect the wire across the components with help of circuit diagram >» Now Connect the battery and your model is ready to test Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in OBSERVATION When we place finger on both touch sensor (Metal pin), LED and Buzzer gets ON When we place finger on both pins, due to high resistance of our body very low positive current signal passes through base of transistor and the transistor gets ON or itacted as Close circuit. As shown in figure 1. When we remove finger from both touch sensor (Metal pin), LED and Buzzer gets OFF When we remove finger from both touch sensor (Metal Pins) no current passes to base and due.to.zero signal in base, transistor gets OFF or acted as opencircuit. As shown in figure 2 Figure 1 Figure 2 Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in PRECAUTION All the connection should be neat and tight. . Connect the transistor in correct way considering its Collector, Base and Emitter. . Be careful while connecting LED and Buzzer as they have to connect with correct polarity . Don’t Avoid using Resistor because it protects LED from high power . This model does not work with very dry hand so make sure your hand is little bit moist . Do not use any insulated/coated metal pinas touch sensor . Remove the battery fromiafter testing your working model Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in BIBLIOGRAPHY Wikipedia.com Google search engine WWW.YOUTUBE.COM Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.inDownloaded from: https://www.knowledgecycle.in IMPORTANT NOTICE If You Want A Copy of This Project Without Any Watermark Which Is Chargeable You Can Contact Me on [email protected] Telegram: @knowledgecycle Scan the helow QR to contact us on WhatsApp Knowledge Cyc! WhatsApp business acc PDF COST: %79 For more details Visit to this website: hitps://knowledgecycle.in Downloaded from: https: //www.knowledgecycle.in