International Journal of Emerging Technology and Innovative Engineering

Volume 5, Issue 5, May 2019 (ISSN: 2394 – 6598)

DEGRADABLE AND NON-DEGRADABLE

WASTE SEPARATION USING
INTELLIGENT APPROACH
S. SULTHAN ALAUDEEN, Dr.A. LAKSHMI

Abstract— Degradable and non-degradable waste is II. PROCEDURE

separated using conveyor belt and proximity sensor, The entire set up is assembled according the pin configuration
Which will detect the object according to the type of
waste where it will be the input of Arduino (Input will be and made enabled using the program which in turn replicate
in DIGITAL SIGNAL by proximity sensor) the the process by repeating the sensor on and off during the
programmed micro-controller 8051 will give the output to
the system (waste material) according to the bio identification of the bio degradable and non-bio degradable of
degradable or non-biodegradable conditions. the waste materials where it can be analyzed and grouped into
Keywords-proximity sensor, conveyor belt, Arduino. its sub categories.

BLOCK DIAGRAM:
I. INTRODUCTION

To prohibit and control the mixing of bio degradable and

non-bio degradable. This device which will act as a (reflex
action) making the system and indicating the obstacle using
sensors .When the whole set up is in drive mode the waste
materials are sensed according to their transition
bio-degradable and non-biodegradable .So sensing of
materials makes the system cautious when there is an non
degradable waste found and the intensity of the sensor
changes constantly according to the waste material
Figure 1: separating technique using aurdino Uno.
conditions .To control the mixing of waste caused by the high
pollution solid waste materials which cause discomfort for the
people residing who may be affected due to this kind of III. WORKING
pollution where they can be saved by using this technique.
The waste from the conveyor is sensed and converted from
analog to digital by A/D converter from the proximity sensor
so that aurdino will make the process where characteristic of
waste material is detected or not. If detected it will indicate

Contact: the aurdino by recognizing the object. Again, if there are no

Dr.A.Lakshmi, electronics and communication, kalasalingam academy
of research and education, Krishnan Kovil, India,, (e-mail:
obstacles found then it will automatically switch to normal
[email protected]). according to the program in microcontroller, here the simplest
S.Sulthan Alaudeen ,electronics and communication, kalasalingam
academy of research and education, Krishnan Kovil,India,(e-mail: form of explanation is this system can predict analyze and
[email protected] ).

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 IJETIE Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2019

evacuate the waste materials according to the individual voltage will be applied across the motor. By opening S1 and
character on waste materials using the sensor and the S4 switches and closing S2 and S3 switches, this voltage is
supporting peripherals. reversed, allowing reverse operation of the motor.

Using the nomenclature above, the switches S1 and

IV. FUNDAMENTALS OF THIS TECHNIQUE S2 should never be closed at the same time, as this would
cause a short circuit on the input voltage source. The same
This technique is followed by using
applies to the switches S3 and S4. This condition is known as
various components where they are predicted as
shoot-through.
bio-degradable or non-bio degradable A proximity sensor
often emits an electromagnetic field or a beam of The H-bridge arrangement is generally used to reverse the
electromagnetic radiation (infrared, for instance), and looks polarity/direction of the motor, but can also be used to 'brake'
for changes in the field or return signal. The object being the motor, where the motor comes to a sudden stop, as the
sensed is often referred to as the proximity sensor's target. motor's terminals are shorted, or to let the motor 'free run' to a
Different proximity sensor targets and demands different stop, as the motor is effectively disconnected from the circuit.
sensors. For example, a capacitive or photoelectric sensor The following table summarizes operation, with S1 - S4
might be suitable for a plastic target; an inductive proximity corresponding. A relay is an electrical switch that opens and
sensor always requires a metal target. The maximum distance closes under control of another electrical circuit. In the
that this sensor can detect is defined "nominal range". Some original form, the switch is operated by an electromagnet to
sensors have adjustments of the nominal range or means to open or close one or many sets of contacts. It was invented by
report a graduated detection distance. Joseph Henry in 1835. Because a relay is able to control an
output circuit of higher power than the input circuit, it can be
Proximity sensors can have a high reliability and long
considered, in a broad sense, to be a form of electrical
functional life because of the absence of mechanical parts and
amplifier. These contacts can be either Normally Open (NO),
lack of physical contact between sensor and the sensed object.
Normally Closed (NC), or change-over contacts.
The project is based on microcontroller board designs,
Normally-open contacts connect the circuit when the relay is
manufactured by several vendors, using various
activated; the circuit is disconnected when the relay is
microcontrollers. These systems provide sets of digital and
inactive. It is also called Form A contact or "make" contact.
analog I/O pins that can be interfaced to various expansion
Form A contact is ideal for applications that require to switch
boards ("shields") and other circuits. The boards feature serial
a high-current power source from a remote device.
communications interfaces, including USB on some models,
Normally-closed contacts disconnect the circuit when the
for loading programs from personal computers. For
relay is activated; the circuit is connected when the relay is
programming the microcontrollers, the Arduino project
inactive. It is also called Form B contact or "break" contact.
provides an integrated development environment (IDE) based
Form B contact is ideal for applications that require the circuit
on the Processing project, which includes support for the C
to remain closed until the relay is activated. Change-over
and C++ programming languages. An H bridge is an
contacts control two circuits: one normally-open contact and
electronic circuit that enables a voltage to be applied across a
one normally-closed contact. It is also called Form Contact
load in either direction. These circuits are often used in
When a current flows through the coil, the resulting magnetic
robotics and other applications to allow DC motors to run
field attracts an armature that is mechanically linked to a
forwards and backwards.
moving contact. The movement either makes or breaks a

An H bridge is built with four switches (solid-state or connection with a fixed contact. When the current is switched

mechanical). When the switches S1 and S4 (according to the off, the armature is usually returned by a spring to its resting

first figure) are closed (and S2 and S3 are open) a positive position. Latching relays exist that require operation of a

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 IJETIE Vol. 5, Issue 5, May 2019

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