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Concrete 3-2

The document provides information on concrete, including its composition, types of aggregates, principles of mixing, and sample proportion tables. It also includes sample problems calculating the quantity of cement, sand and gravel needed for concrete pavement and house floor projects based on given dimensions, thicknesses, and mixture classes.

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alexiegojimenez
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98 views

Concrete 3-2

The document provides information on concrete, including its composition, types of aggregates, principles of mixing, and sample proportion tables. It also includes sample problems calculating the quantity of cement, sand and gravel needed for concrete pavement and house floor projects based on given dimensions, thicknesses, and mixture classes.

Uploaded by

alexiegojimenez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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INFORMATION SHEET 3-2

Concrete

Learning Objective: After reading this information sheet the student will
be able to:
1. apply the principle of concrete mixing
2. compute the concrete mixing ratios

Concrete is either Plain or Reinforced. By definition, Plain Concrete is an


artificial stone as a result of mixing cement, fine aggregates, coarse aggregates
and water.
Reinforced Concrete on the other hand, is a concrete with reinforced
property embedded in such a manner that the two materials act together in
resisting forces.

Composition of Cement are:


1.6 to 65% Lime
18 – 25% Silica
3.0 – 8% Alumina
3.0 – 5% Iron oxide
2.0 - 5% Magnesia
1.0 – 5% Sulfur trioxide

AGGREGATES
Aggregates for concrete work are classified into two:
1. Coarse Aggregate such as crushed stone, crushed gravel, sand or
natural gravel with materials over 9mm, in diameter.
2. Fine Aggregate such as crushed stone, crushed gravel, sand or natural
sand with materials smaller that 9mm in diameter

Coarse Aggregate vary in sizes from (¼” to 3”) 6mmto 76mm the maximum size
for a reinforced concrete is (1”) 25mm or (1 1/2”) 38mm.

PRINCIPLE OF CONCRETE MIXING


The purpose on mixing concrete is to select an optimum proportion of
cement, water and aggregates, to produce a concrete mixture that will meet the
following requirements:
1. Workability 3. Durability
2. Strength 4. Economy

CONCRETE PROPORTION
Proportioning concrete mixture is done in two different ways: by weight or
by volume method.
1. Volume method- the most common and convenient way is by the volume
method using the empty plastic bag cement, or by a measuring box for sand and
gravel as shown in the figure.

2. Measuring the aggregate and water by weight is sometimes used in a


concrete batching plant for ready-mix concrete or as specified in the plan.

Table 1 -Concrete Proportion


MIXTURE CEMENT IN BAG SAND GRAVEL
PROPORTION
CLASS 40 kg. 50 kg. cu. m. cu.m

AA 1 :1½:3 12.0 9.5 0.5 1.0


A 1 : 2 :4 9.0 7.0 0.5 1.0

B 1 :2½:5 7.5 6.0 0.5 1.0


C 1 : 3 :6 6.0 5.0 0.5 1.0

CONCRETE SLAB
A concrete slab is a common structure element of modern buildings
consisting of a flat horizontal surface made of cast concrete.
The discussions from cement to concrete proportions plus the Tables as
presented could be more meaningful and appreciated if a accompanied by
illustration of actual applications.

Sample Problem 1. A proposed concrete pavement has a general dimension of


10cm, thick, 3.0 meter wide and 5 meters long. Determine the quantity of cement
in bags and gravel in cubic meters required using class “C” mixture.

Figure 1: Concrete 10cm.


pavement

Solution A:
1. Determine the volume of the proposed concrete pavement.
V= Thickness (height) x Width x Length
V= 0.10 x 3.0 x 5.0
V= 1.5 cu. Meters
2. Refer to given Table 1. Using 40 kg. cement class C mixture; multiply the
volume by corresponding values:
Cement: 1.5 x 6.0 = 9.0 bags
Sand: 1.5 x 0.5 = 0.75 cu meter
Gravel: 1.5 x 1.0 = 1.50 cu. Meter

3. Take note that the computation is for a 40 kg. cement. Suppose there is no 40
kg. cement and what is available are 50 kg. per bag. How many bags will be
ordered using the latter?

Solution B:
1. Knowing the volume to be 1.5 cu. meters, refer again to Table 1. Under 50 kg.
cement using “C” mixture; multiply the volume by the corresponding values.
Cement: 1.5 x 5.0 = 7.5 bags
Sand: 1.5 x 0.50 = 0.75 cu. meter
Gravel: 1.5 x 1.0 = 1.50 cu. meter
Self- Check 3-2
Problem Solving:
Directions: Solve the following problem. Use another sheet for the solution.

1. The ground floor of a residential house has an area of 200 square meters. The
plan specifies 4 inches thick concreate floor on fill using class “C” concrete. List
down the materials required.

10.0 meter

20.0 meter
Figure 2: Floor Plan

2. From the following figure, solve for cement, sand and gravel using class B
concrete if the floor is 5 inches thick.
9.70 meter
10.0 meter

5.0 meter 8.50 meter

Figure 3: Floor Plan


Answer Key 3-2

1. Volume of Floor with a thickness of 4” is 20 cu. meter


Cement : 120 bags
Sand : 10 cu. meter
Gravel : 20 cu. meter

2. Volume of the Floor with a thickness of 5” is 16.61 cu. meter


Cement : 125 bags
Sand : 10 cu. meter
Gravel : 20 cu. meter

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