Unit I Introduction To The Teacher that will bring about the intended

and School Curriculum learning outcomes.

I. Curriculum and its Curriculum
Development

At the end of the course, students B. Curriculum from Different Points of

should be able to: View:
1.Apply the foundational statements of How is curriculum defined from a
the university specifically the College of traditional perspective?
Education in all the undertakings and Who were the advocates?
activities pertaining to curricular and co- And how can a school system work
curricular programs. with this point of view?
2.Discuss the significance of the
curriculum and the curriculum
development in the Philippine setting. According to Bilbao, et al. (2008):
3.Define and describe the nature and Curriculum
scope of curriculum from different is defined as a written document
perspectives. or a plan of action to accomplish goals;
4.Explain and summarize the curriculum a body of subjects or a subject matter
development process and models. prepared by teachers in order for the
5.Described the foundation of curriculum students to learn; a course of study;
development. syllabus, lesson plan, or a field of study
6.Identify the fundamental of curriculum – then these definitions come from the
designing and how these are applied in traditional point of view.
the school setting.
The Advocates of Curriculum (fr.
Curriculum and its Curriculum Traditional Point of View)
Development The following theorists are the
A.Concepts, Nature and Purpose of advocates of the curriculum concept.
Curriculum Their perspectives helped shape current
understanding of how the curriculum is
One of the most often repeated used in meeting educational goals.
definitions of a curriculum are that
curriculum is the total learning ROBERT M. HUTCHINS
experience. This description implies that Hutchins believes that college
the crux of a curriculum is the different education must be grounded on liberal
planned and unplanned activities which education while basic education should
have been lived, acted upon or done by emphasize the rules of grammar,
the learners with the guidance of the reading, rhetoric, logic and
teacher. Teaching as Process of mathematics. For him, curriculum is
Curriculum Good teaching is difficult to viewed as permanent studies which
agree upon. While it remains to be explain why some subjects are repeated
difficult to agree on what good teaching from elementary to college, such as
is, effective teaching can be grammar, reading, and mathematics.
demonstrated. Effective teaching is one
ARTHUR BESTOR that reflective thinking is important. It is
Bestor is an essentialist who a tool to unify all the curricular elements,
believes that the mission of the school is such as aims, goals, and objectives;
to train the intellectual capacity of subject matter/content; learning
learners. Hence, subjects to be offered experiences; and evaluation
are grammar, literature, writing, approaches. For him, it is important to
mathematics, science, history and test the knowledge or thought through
foreign language. application, or the learning by doing,
which became influential in education.
JOSEPH SCHWAB His famous philosophy is pragmatism.

Schwab views that discipline is HOLLIS CASWELL AND DOAK

the sole source of curriculum, and so, CAMPBELL
the curriculum is divided into chunks of Hollis Caswell and Doak
knowledge which are called subject Campbell define curriculum as “all
areas like English, mathematics, social experiences children have under the
studies, science, humanities, languages, guidance of the teachers.” In this
and others. As a leading curriculum regard, curriculum should contain all the
theorist, Schwab used the term experiences needed by the children to
discipline as the ruling doctrine for learn, and a teacher should only act as
curriculum development. Therefore, a guide or facilitator.
curriculum is viewed as a field of study
and it should only consist of knowledge B. OTHANEL SMITH, WILLIAM O.
that comes from the disciplines; for STANLEY, AND J. HARLAN SHORES
example, linguistics, economics, Smith, Stanley and Shores share
chemistry, among others. the same view that the curriculum, as
the way Caswell & Campbell view it, as
Progressive Point Of View “a sequence of potential experiences set
up in the schools for the purpose of
disciplining the children and the youth
The progressivists disagree with while doing group activities.”
the way curriculum is defined by the
traditionalists. For them, if the lesson Analyze the picture…
plans or syllabi are not actualized or
learned by the students, it is not COLIN J. MARSH AND GEORGE
considered as a curriculum. So, WILLIS
curriculum is defined as the total
learning experiences of individuals Colin J. Marsh and George Willis
which means that students be given define curriculum as the “experiences in
all the opportunities to apply what the classroom which are planned and
they learn. enacted by the teacher, and also
learned by the students”. In this
Advocates of the Curriculum definition, the experiences are done in
JOHN DEWEY the classrooms.
John Dewey is a famous In a nutshell, progressivism comes from
proponent of progressivism. He argues the word progress, which means
making changes, reforms, or the different planned activities put
improvements toward better conditions. into action in the classroom. This
In the way curriculum is defined and curriculum varies according to the
implemented from the progressivists’ learning styles of students and
perspective, the people mentioned the teaching styles of teachers.
above have contributed much in 4. Supported Curriculum – is a
educational reforms. They all believe type of curriculum supported by
that teachers must provide sets of available resources provided by a
experiences that are planned and teacher.
facilitated by the teachers in order for
the students to actualize what they have 5. Assessed Curriculum – refers to
learned within or outside the a tested or evaluated curriculum.
classrooms. A series of evaluation done by
the teacher to determine the
C. Types Of Curricula in Schools extent of teaching or to tell if the
1. Recommended Curriculum students are progressing.
is a type of curriculum 6. Learned Curriculum – is a type
mostly used by schools. A of curriculum wherein learning
national agency may recommend outcomes are achieved by the
a curriculum to be implemented students. These are indicated by
in the elementary or secondary the results of the tests and
education. changes in behavior which can
either be cognitive, affective or
psychomotor.
7. Hidden Curriculum – are
2. Written Curriculum – is a type of unintended curriculum which is
curriculum found in the school not deliberately planned out but
system wherein the school and may modify behavior or influence
the classroom teacher specify learning outcomes.
what is to be taught.
3. Taught Curriculum – is a type of
curriculum which is composed of