APA 7th EDITION BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMAT

BOOK: Information you’ll need to cite a book

INFORMATION NEEDED PUNCTUATION
Last name, first initial, middle initial if any.
Author(s) or Editor(s)
Followed by a period
Date of publication (Year) In parenthesis and followed by a period
Title of book Underline title followed by a period or in Italics if
encoded
Edition (if other than 1ST) Ed. If one editor. Eds. If more than one.
Place of publication Followed by a colon:
Publisher’s name Followed by a period.

APA 7 no longer requires a publisher location in a book reference.

Examples:

Book:

Bernstein, N. (2001). The lost children of Wilder: The epic struggles to change foster care. Pantheon.

Edited book, more than one editor:

Carter, K. & Spitzack, C. (Eds.). (2007). Doing research on women’s communication. Ablex.

Chapter in a book:

Bravo, E. & Cassedy, E. (2010). The 9 to 5 guide to combating sexual harassment. In Taking sides:
clashing views on controversial social issues (pp. 62-69). Duskin Pub. Group.

ARTICLE (from a print Journal): Information you’ll need to cite an article from a print journal
INFORMATION NEEDED PUNCTUATION
Last name, first initial, middle initial if any.
Author(s)
Followed by a period
Date of publication In parenthesis and followed by a period
Title of article Followed by a period
Underline or in Italics (if encoded) followed by a
Title of journal
comma
Volume and issue number Example: 15(3), (see example below)
Page or pages Followed by a period.

Article in a print journal:

Scruton, R. (2011). The eclipse of listening. The New Criterion, 15(3), 5-13.

Basic format to reference journal articles

A basic reference list entry for a journal article in APA must include:

 Author or authors. The surname is followed by first initials.

 Year of publication of the article (in round brackets).
 Article title.
 Journal title (in italics).
 Volume of journal (in italics).
 Issue number of journal in round brackets (no italics).
 Page range of article.
 DOI or URL
 The first line of each citation is left adjusted. Every subsequent line is indented 5-7 spaces.
Example:
Ruxton, C. (2016). Tea: Hydration and other health benefits. Primary Health Care, 26(8), 34-42.
https://doi.org/10.7748/phc.2016.e1162

ENCYCLOPEDIA & DICTIONARY: Information you’ll need to cite an Encyclopedia and Dictionary
INFORMATION NEEDED PUNCTUATION
Last name, first initial, middle initial if any.
Author
Followed by a period
Date of publication In parenthesis and followed by a period
Title of article Followed by a period
Title of Encyclopedia Underline or in Italics (if encoded)
Volume, page or pages In parenthesis and followed by a period
Place of publication Followed by a colon
Publisher’s name Followed by a period

Examples:

Bergmann, P. G. (1993). Relativity. In The new encyclopedia Britannica (Vol. 26, pp. 501-508). Chicago:
Encyclopedia Britannica.

Merriam-Webster’s collegiate dictionary (10th ed.). (1993). Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster.

MAGAZINE & NEWSPAPER ARTICLES: Information you’ll need to cite an article from a magazine and
newspaper
INFORMATION NEEDED PUNCTUATION
Last name, first initial, middle initial if any.
Author
Followed by a period
Date of publication In parenthesis and followed by a period
Title of article Followed by a period
Underline or in Italics (if encoded) followed by a
Title of Periodical
comma
Volume no. and (issue no. if available) Example: 135
Inclusive pages (without “pp.” for magazines) Followed by a period.

Note: Do not enclose the title in quotation marks. Put a period after the title. If a periodical includes a
volume number, italicize it and then give the page range (in regular type) without “pp.” if the
periodical does not use volume numbers, as in newspapers, use p. or pp. for page numbers.

Unlike other periodicals, p. or pp. precedes page numbers for a newspaper reference in APA
style.

Examples:

Harlow, H.F. (1983). Fundamentals for preparing psychology journal articles. Journal of Comparative
and Physiological Psychology, 55, 893-896.

Henry, W.A., III. (1990, April 9). Making the grade in today’s schools. Time, 135, 28-31.

Kalette, D. (1986, July 21). California town counts town to big quake. USA Today, 9, p. A1.

Trillin, C. (1993, February 15). Culture shopping. New Yorker, pp. 48-51.

Article with no Author:

Title of article. (Year, Month Day). Newspaper Title, page number(s).
Social media use may increase risk of mental health. (2019, September 12). Manila Bulletin, A8.

WEBSITE OR WEBPAGE: Information you’ll need to cite from a website or webpage

INFORMATION NEEDED PUNCTUATION
Last name, first initial, middle initial if any. Followed
Author
by a period
Date of publication In parenthesis and followed by a period
Title of article Followed by a period
Underline or in Italics (if encoded) followed by a
Title of online periodical
comma
Volume no. Followed by a comma
Retrieved from full URL Example: Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
Retrieved October 4, 2023 from full URL

Online document:

Note: When citing internet sources, refer to the specific website document. If a document is undated,
use “n.d.” (for no date) immediately after the document title. Break a lengthy URL that goes to
another line after a slash or before a period. Continually check your references to online
documents. There is no period following a URL.

If you cannot find some of this information, cite what is available.

Examples:

Devitt, T. (2001, August 2). Lightning injures four at music festival, The Why? Files. Retrieved January
23, 2002, from http://whyfiles.org/137lightning/index.html

Dove, R. (1998). Lady freedom among us. The Electronic Text Center. Retrieved from Alderman Library,
University of Virginia website: http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/subjects/afam.html

Note: If a document is contained within a large and complex website (such as that for a
university or a government agency), identify the host organization and the relevant program or
department before giving the URL for the document itself. Precede the URL with a colon.

Fredrickson, B.L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well-being.
Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved from http://journals.apa.org/prevention/
volume3/pre0001a.html

GVU’s 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/usersurveys/

survey1997-10/

Health Canada. (2002, February). The safety of genetically modified food crops. Retrieved from
http://www.hc-sc.gc.ca/english/protection/biologics_genetics/gen_mod_foods/genmodebk.
html

Hilts, P.J. (1999, February 16). In forecasting their emotions, most people flunk out. New York Times.
Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com
 MLA 8TH EDITION BIBLIOGRAPHY FORMAT

Book with One Author:

Author’s last name, first name. Title of book. Name of publisher, Year of publication. Medium.

Lipson, Charles. Reliable Partners: How Democracies Have Made a Separate Piece. Princeton UP, 2003. Print.
Book with Two Authors:
Author’s last name, first name, Author’s first name Author’s last name. Title of book. Name of publisher, Year of
publication. Medium.
Binder, Guyora, and Robert Weisberg. Literary Criticisms of Law. Princeton UP, 2000. Print.
Book with Multiple Authors:
Author’s last name, first name, et al. Title of book. Name of publisher, Year of publication. Medium.

Binder, Guyora, et al. Literary Criticisms of Law. Princeton UP, 2000. Print.

Book with Editors:

Name of author inverted. Title. Ed. Editor’s first name Editor’s last name. Pub, Year. Print.
Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. Ed. Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. New York:Washington Square-Pocket,
1992. Medium.
Book with Editors and no Authors:
Name of editor inverted, ed. Title. Pub, Year. Print.
Tallett, Frank and Dean J. Trim, eds. European Warfare. Cambridge, NY: Cambridge UP, 2010. Print.
A Work in an Anthology:
Name of author inverted. “Title of work.” Title of Anthology. Ed. Editor’s first and last name. Pub, Year. Pages of work. Medium.
Peterson, Nancy J. “Toni Morrison: A Critical Look.” Toni Morrison: Critical and Theoretical Approaches . Ed. Nancy Peterson.
Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1997. 221-76. Print.
Play in Textbook:
Name of author inverted. Title of Play. Title of Textbook. Ed. editor’s name. Place: Pub, Year. Pages. Medium.
Miller, Arthur. The Crucible. Elements of Literature. Fifth Course. Ed. Kathleen Daniel, et al. Austin: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
2000. 829-887. Print.

Encyclopedia Article:
Name of author inverted. “Article title.” Title. Edition. Date. Medium.
Hernandez, Tomas. “Portugal.” The World Book. International ed. 1999. Print.
Bible:
Title. Ed. Editor’s last name, first name. Place: Pub, Year. Medium.
The New Jerusalem Bible. Ed. Henry Wansbrough. New York: Doubleday, 1985. Print.
Magazines:
Last, First M. "Article Title." Magazine Title. Date Month Year Published: Page(s). Medium.

Rothbart, Davy. "How I Caught up with Dad." Men's Health Oct. 2008: 108-13. Print.
Newspapers:
Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any." Name of Newspaper, Date of Publication, p. Page
number. Medium

Smith, Bill. "Talks on Bosnia Bog Down Over Borders." Toronto Star, 18 Aug. 2012, p. B6. Print.

Newspaper Articles with no Author

"Title of Article: Subtitle if Any." Name of Newspaper, Date of Publication, p. Page number. Medium.

"Talks on Bosnia Bog Down Over Borders." Toronto Star, 18 Aug. 2012, p. B6. Print.

Journals:
Author's Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article: Subtitle if Any." Name of Journal, vol. Volume Number, no. Issue Number,
Date of Publication, pp. First Page Number-Last Page Number. Medium.
 Kushkova, Anna. "At the Center of the Table." Russian Studies in History, vol. 50, no.1, 2011, pp. 44-96. Print.

Hannah, Daniel K. "The Private Life, the Public Stage: Henry James in Recent Fiction." Journal of Modern Literature, vol.30, no.3,
2007, pp. 70-94. Print.

AN ARTICLE IN AN ONLINE SCHOLARLY JOURNAL

For all online scholarly journals, provide the author(s) name(s), the name of the article in quotation marks, the title of the
publication in italics, all volume and issue numbers, and the year of publication. Include a DOI if available, otherwise provide a
URL or permalink to help readers locate the source.

Article in an Online-only Scholarly Journal

MLA requires a page range for articles that appear in Scholarly Journals. If the journal you are citing appears exclusively in an
online format (i.e. there is no corresponding print publication) that does not make use of page numbers, indicate the URL or
other location information.

Dolby, Nadine. “Research in Youth Culture and Policy: Current Conditions and Future Directions.” Social Work and Society:
The International Online-Only Journal, vol. 6, no. 2, 2008, www.socwork.net/sws/article/view/60/362. Accessed 20 May
2009.

Webpage:
Author’s Last Name, First Name. “Title of Page or Document.” Title of Website, Name of Organization Affliated with the
Website, Date of copyright or date last modified/updated, URL. Accessed Day Month Year site was visited.

Morin, Amy. "Mom Am I Fat?: Helping Your Teen Have a Positive Body Image." Verywell Family, About Inc., 18 Jan.
2019, www.verywellfamily.com/media-and-teens-body-image-2611245. Accessed 12 May 2019.
 CMOS 17TH EDITION BIBLIOGRAPH FORMAT

Scholarly Journal Note:

1. Christopher Cowley, "Understanding Another’s
Reference in CMS (17th edition) Wrongdoing," Philosophy
and Literature 35, no. 1 (April 2011): 79.
14.168-87
p. 829-32 Shortened citation in a following footnote:
[new footnote number]. Crowley, “Another’s Wrongdoing,” 80.

Bibliography:
Crowley, Christopher. "Understanding Another’s Wrongdoing."
Philosophy
and Literature 35, no. 1 (April 2011): 79-90.
Magazine Article Note:
2. John D. Eisenhower, "Ike’s Son Remembers George S.
14.188-90 Patton Jr.,"
p. 837-38 American Heritage, Summer 2012, 27.

Shortened citation in a following footnote:

[new footnote number]. Eisenhower, “Ike’s Son Remembers,”
28.

Bibliography:
Eisenhower, John D. "Ike’s Son Remembers George S. Patton
Jr." American Heritage, Summer 2012. [entire page
range intentionally omitted.]
Newspaper Article Note:
14.191-200 3. Carol Pogash, “Morals Clause in Catholic Schools Roils Bay
p. 838-42 Area,” New
York Times, Feb. 27, 2015, New York edition. [no page
numbers required].

Shortened citation in a following footnote:

[new footnote number]. Pogash, “Morals Clause in Catholic
Schools.”

Bibliography:
Pogash, Carol. “Morals Clause in Catholic Schools Roils Bay
Area,” New York Times, Feb. 27, 2015. [no page range
required.]
Newspaper Article with No Author Note:
"Title of Article." Name of Newspaper (City and Province/State
of Publication, if not Included in Name), Date of Publication.
https://doi.org/DOI Number or Name of Database.
If no author name is provided, begin the citation with the title
of the article.
Omit page numbers.
Bibliography:
"Talks on Bosnia Bog Down Over orders." Toronto Star,
August 18, 2012.

Book (one author) Note:

4. Richard J. Evans, The Coming of the Third Reich, (New
14.101, p. 799-800 York: Penguin
14.75, p. 785 Group, 2004), 95.

Shortened citation in a following footnote:

[new footnote number]. Evans, Third Reich, 102.

Bibliography:
Evans, Richard J. The Coming of the Third Reich. New York:
 Penguin Group, 2004.
Book (two authors) Note:
5. William Kerrigan and Gordon Braden, The Idea of the
14.76 Renaissance,
p. 786 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1989), 40.

Shortened citation in a following footnote:

[new footnote number]. Kerrigan and Braden, Idea of
Renaissance, 46.

Bibliography:
Kerrigan, William and Gordon Braden, The Idea of the
Renaissance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 1989.
Book Chapter or Essay Note:
6. John E. Calfee, “Concerns About a Link Between Vaccines
Book: Chapter or essay in an edited book or anthology and Autism Are
14.106-108p. 802-03 Unfounded,” in Vaccines, ed. Noel Merino (Detroit:
Greenhaven Press, 2012), 82.

Shortened citation in a following footnote:

[new footnote number]. Calfee, “Link Between Vaccines,” 83.

Bibliography:
Calfee, John E. “Concerns About a Link Between Vaccines
and Autism Are Unfounded.” In Vaccines, edited by Noel
Merino. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2012.
Online Journal Article with a DOI (Data Object Identifier) Note:
7. James C. Van Hook, “Politics in Cold War Germany,”
Online Journal Article with a Data Object Identifier (DOI) German Politics &
Society 25, no. 2 (Summer 2007), 104,
14.715 https://doi.org/10.3167/gps.2007.250207.
p. 833
Shortened citation in a following footnote:
[new footnote number]. Van Hook, “Cold War Germany,” 108.

Bibliography:
Van Hook, James C. “Politics in Cold War Germany.” German
Politics & Society 25, no. 2 (Summer 2007): 104-16.
https://doi.org/10.3167/gps.2007.250207.
Online Journal Article with no DOI but with a Stable URL Note:
8. Peter Baldwin, “Social Interpretations of Nazism: Renewing
Online Journal Article with no DOI but with a stable URL a Tradition,”
(such as JSTOR) Journal of Contemporary History 25, no. 1 (January 1990): 32.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/260719.
14.175
p. 833 Shortened citation in a following footnote:
[new footnote number]. Baldwin, “Nazism,” 34.

Bibliography:
Baldwin, Peter. “Social Interpretations of Nazism: Renewing a
Tradition,” Journal of Contemporary History 25, no. 1
(January 1990): 5-37. http://www.jstor.org/stable/260719.
Online Journal Article with no DOI or Stable URL Note:
If an online journal article does not have a DOI, a 9. Mark Grimsley, "A More Civil War: How the Union Waged a
stable URL or a permalink, just include the name of the Just War," The
database. Journal of American History 104, no. 3 (12, 2017): 768.
14.11 ProQuest.
p. 748
Shortened citation in a following footnote:
[new footnote number]. Grimsley, “Civil War,” 768.

Bibliography:
Grimsley, Mark. "A More Civil War: How the Union Waged a
Just War." The Journal of American History 104, no. 3
(12, 2017): 768. ProQuest.
Online Journal Article (with 2 or more authors) Note:
10. George K. Davis and Gary M. Pecquet, "Interest Rates in
14.76 the Civil War South,"
p.786 Journal of Economic History 50, no. 1 (March 1990): 133,
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2123441.

Shortened citation in a following footnote:

[new footnote number]. Davis and Pecquet, “Interest Rates,”
140.

Bibliography:
Davis, George K. and Gary M. Pecquet, “Interest Rates in the
Civil War South.” Journal of Economic History 50, no. 1
(March 1990): 130-148.
http://www.jstor.org/stable/2123441.
Online Magazine Article from a Database Note:
11. Chuck McCutcheon, “Whistleblowers,” CQ Researcher,
14.188-90 January 31, 2014, 97,
p. 837-38 CQ Researcher.

Shortened citation in a following footnote:

[new footnote number]. McCutcheon, “Whistleblowers,” 98.

Bibliography:
McCutcheon, Chuck. “Whistleblowers,” CQ Researcher,
January 31, 2014, 97-120. CQ Researcher.
Online Newspaper Article from a Database Note:
12. Tom Frieden, “Make Vaccination Mainstream,” USA
14.191-200 Today, Feb. 23, 2015,
p. 838-39 EBSCOhost.

Shortened citation in a following footnote:

[new footnote number]. Frieden, “Make Vaccination
Mainstream.”

Bibliography:
Frieden, Tom. “Make Vaccination Mainstream.” USA Today,
Feb. 23, 2015. EBSCOhost.
Website Note:
13. Michael Barns, “An Overview of the Korean War,”
14.205-07 Authentic History.com, accessed March 12, 2015,
p. 844-46 http://www.authentichistory.com/1946-1960/2-korea/1-
overview/.

[Websites are normally included in a note but not in the

bibliography. If notes are not
used, include the website citation in the bibliography. See
example below.]

Bibliography:
Barns, Michael. “An Overview of the Korean War,” Authentic
History.com, accessed March 12, 2015,
http://www.authentichistory.com/1946-1960/2-korea/1-
overview/.