Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus II

I1–TD1
(Quadratic Curve in Plane)

1. Determine the main elements, center, vertex, focus, major axis, minor axis and directrix
of the following conics if it exists.

1
(a) x2 − 3y 2 − 3x + 6y = 1 (d) x2 + x − 2y 2 + y + 8
=0
2 2
(b) 3x + 2y + y 2 = 3. (e) x + 2mx + my + 1 = 0, (m ∈ R)
√
(c) y = − x + 3 (f) mx2 +4mx+(m−1)y 2 +2 = 0, (m ∈ R)

2. Write the rectangular equation of the following conic and draw its graph.

(a) Ellipse with foci (2, 0) and (2, 2) and the length between the two vertices is 8.
(b) Parabola with vertex (−1, 1) and focus (3, 1).
(c) Hyperbola with vertices (1, 1) and (3, 1) and the distance between the two foci is 3.

3. Find the general equation of ellipse whose foci are F1 (0, 0) and F2 (4, 1), and length between
the two vertices is 10.

4. Find the equation of the line which has the slope m and is tangent to the parabola y 2 = 4px.

x2 y 2
5. Write the equation of the tangent line to the hyperbola − 2 = 1 at the point (x0 , y0 ).
a2 b
6. Proof Theorem 2 in Slide Lecture Note. Suppose a line (L) is tangent to an ellipse
at a point P . Show that (L) is the bisector of the exterior angle F1 P F2 where F1 and F2
are foci of the ellipse. That is, show that α = β.

7. Solar Collector: A solar collector for heating water is constructed with a sheet of stainless
steel that is formed into the shape of a parabola (see Figure 2). The water will flow through
a pipe that is located at the focus of the parabola. At what distance from the vertex is the
pipe?

Figure 2
Figure 3

Dr. Lin Mongkolsery 2020-2021

Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus II

8. Reflecting Telescopes: The reflective properties of the parabola and the hyperbola are
exploited in designing a reflecting telescope. A hyperbolic mirror and a parabolic mirror
are placed so that one focus of the hyperbola coincides with the focus F of the parabola,
as shown in the Figure 3. Explain why rays of light coming from great distances are finally
focused at the eyepiece placed at F 0 , the other focus of the hyperbola.
x2 y 2
9. The foci of a hyperbola coincide with the foci of the ellipse + = 1. Find the equation
25 9
of the hyperbola if its eccentricity e = 2.

10. Find the general equation of the parabola whose focus is (1, 2) and directric is x + 2y = 10.

11. Determine the main elements, center, vertex, focus,major axis, minor axis and directrix of
the following conics if it exists, then draw its graph.
1
(a) y = x
(e) x2 − 2xy + y 2 − 6x − 10 = 0
(b) x2 + x + 2y 2 + y + 1 = 0 (f) 4x2 + 4xy + y 2 − 4x − 2y + 1 = 0
(c) 11x2 + 4xy + 14y 2 − 26x − 32y + 23 = 0 (g) 17x2 − 12xy + 8y 2 + 46x − 28y + 17 = 0.
√ √
(d) x2 + xy + y 2 = 1 (h) x2 + 4 3xy + 2y 2 + x + 3y + 1 = 0

12. Let (E) be an ellipse centered O with major and minor axises a and b, respectively. Let
M, P ∈ (E) such that OM P is a right triangle at O. Show that
1 1 1 1
2
+ 2
= 2+ 2
OM OP a b

13. Find the general equation of parabola (P) that tangents to x-axis at (1, 0) and tangents to
y-axis at (0, 2).

14. Let (C) be the conic and (`) be a line given respectively by the equations

(C) : x2 − 4xy + 4y 2 − x + 2 = 0, and (`) : y = x

Find the distance from (C) to (`).

15. Let
x2 y2 0 x2 y 2
(E) : + = 1 and (E ) : + 2 =1
4a2 4b2 a2 b
(a) Determine the relation on u, v and w so that (`) : ux + vy + w = 0 is tangent to (E 0 ).
(b) Let (M P ) and (M Q) be the tangents to (E 0 ) with M, P, Q ∈ (E). Show that (P Q) is
also tangent to (E 0 ).

16. Determine the nature of the following parametric equations

1 t (b) x(t) = cos t and y(t) = cos t + sin t
(a) x(t) = and y(t) = 2 .
t2 +t+1 t +t+1

17. Find the parametric equation of then conic

(E) : (x − 1)2 + (y − 1)2 + 2αxy = 1, α ∈ (−1, 1)

Dr. Lin Mongkolsery 2020-2021

Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus II

18. Cycloid is the curve traced by a point P on the circumference of a circle of radius a rolling
along a straight line in a plane. See the figure. The parametric equation of the cycloid is

x = a(θ − sin θ), y = a(1 − cos θ)

(a) Find the tangent to the cycloid at the point where θ = π/3.
(b) At what points is the tangent horizontal? When is it vertical?
(c) Find the length and area under one arch of the cycloid.

Astroid
Cadioid

19. Find the length of the Astroid x = a cos3 t, y = a sin3 t, t ∈ [0, 2π].

20. Find the length of the Cadioid x = 2a cos t − a cos 2t, y = 2a sin t − a sin 2t, t ∈ [0, 2π].

21. Find the Cartesian equations of the following parametric equations. Then sketch their
graphs and indicate their orientation.

(a) x = 2 cos t, y = 3 sin t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π (c) x = 2 cos t, y = 3 sin t − 1, 0 ≤ t ≤ 2π

√
(d) x = 2 t − 1t , y = 3 t − 1t



(b) x = t, y = 9 − t

22. Find the area of the surface generated by revolving the curve about each given axis.

Dr. Lin Mongkolsery 2020-2021

Institute of Technology of Cambodia Calculus II

(a) x = 2t, y = 3t, 0 ≤ t ≤ 3, (a.1) about x-axis. (a.2) about y-axis.

(b) x = 5 cos θ, y = 5 sin θ, 0 ≤ θ ≤ π2 , about y-axis.

23. Change the following polar equations to Cartesian equation :

(a) r2 = 4 cos θ (b) r2 = sin 2θ (c) r(sin θ + 2 cos θ) = 6.

24. Sketch a graph of the polar equation and find the length and area of the curve in one loop.

(a) r = 4, θ ∈ [0, 2π] (d) r = 4 cos 2θ, θ ∈ [0, 2π]

(b) r = 4 sin θ, θ ∈ [0, 2π] (e) r = 4 cos 3θ, θ ∈ [0, 2π]
2
(c) r = 1 − sin θ, θ ∈ [0, 2π] (f) r = 4 cos 2θ

25. Find the area of the surface formed by revolving the curve about the given line.
π
(a) r = 4 cos θ, θ ∈ [0, π/2] about θ = (b) r = 1−cos θ, θ ∈ [0, π] about Polar axis.
2

26. Sketch the graph and label its vertex, directrix and focus of the following conic.
3 2 6
(a) r = (b) r = (c) r =
1 + 2 sin θ 3 − 3 cos θ 3 + cos θ
x2 y 2
27. Show that the polar equation the the ellipse + 2 = 1 is
a2 b
b2
r2 =
1 − e2 cos2 θ

28. Show that the polar equation of a line (`) : ax + by + c = 0 is of the form

k
r = f (θ) =
cos(θ − α)

where k and α have to be mentioned in terms of a, b and c. Then deduce that

(`) : x cos α + y sin α − k = 0.

29. Given the equation of a line (`) : x cos α + y sin α − k = 0. Show that the polar equation of
the conic whose focus is at the pole and directrix (`) is given by

ek
r = f (θ) = , (e is the eccentricity)
e cos(θ − α) ± 1

In particular, write the polar equation of the conic whose focus is at the pole and the
directrix is

(a) x = 4. (b) y = 6. (c) x − y + 4 = 0.

Dr. Lin Mongkolsery 2020-2021