Title Proposal

POWER POINT PRESENTATION PREPARED BY

MARIA CONSUELO S. QUINDARA, MAED

Mabini Colleges, Incorporated
High School Department
CHAPTER 1
The Problem
Introduction
The introduction includes information which would
focus attention on the importance and validity of the
problem. A brief rationale to justify the problem must be
provided. Explain what the topic is all about. Discuss the
problem (why do you say that it is a problem?) and its
importance. Add literature to support your claim.
Mention also why you become interested in this topic by
giving your objectives and lastly your time frame.
Statement of the Problem
These are the research questions or investigative
problems which are to be answered in the study.

The answers to the research

questions should lead to the
solution of the research
problem.
Example:
This study attempts to evaluate the extent of implementation of the
Computer Education Program in Daet, Camarines Norte, SY 2019 –
2020 as perceived by the teachers. Specifically it seeks answers to the
following questions:
1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of:
a. sex;
b. age;
c. field of specialization;
d. computer education seminar/trainings
attended?
Statement of the Problem
2. What is the extent of the Computer Education Program
implementation as perceived by the teacher-respondents
with regards to:
a. objectives and content of instruction;
b. teaching competencies;
c. learning competencies;
d. methods of teaching employed; and
e. computer facilities?
Statement of the Problem

3. What recommendations can be done to enhance the

Computer Education Program in Daet, Camarines
Norte?
Basic Assumptions/Hypothesis
This part of the chapter could be either presented in the form of
assumptions or hypotheses.
Hypothesis
- is a conjectural statement of the relationship between two or
more variables used in the study.
- is an intelligent educated guess expressed in a form of
declarative statement and needs to be tested
- is an inference which needs to be proven using knowledge
of statistics. It is usually taken from the specific problem, expressed
either in the form of null hypothesis or operational/alternative
forms.
 Null Hypothesis (expressed in negative
statement) is a statement of denial of an attribute,
existence, effect or relationship that should be tested
which maybe either accepted or rejected in favor of
the alternative hypothesis.
Alternative Hypothesis (expressed in positive
statement) is the affirmation of an attribute,
existence, effect or relationship.
Examples:
► Null hypothesis:
There is no significant difference in
the anxiety level of children of
high IQ and those of low IQ.
► Alternative hypothesis:
There is a difference in the anxiety level
of the children of high IQ and those of low IQ.
.
Basic Assumption
Assumption is the supposition that something
is true (Webster, 1986). It is a statement related
to the problem and is presumed to be true and
correct. It is used when the author would just
like to present statements about the expected
outcomes of the study.
Example: Basic Assumptions
1. The profile of the teacher respondents in terms of
sex, field of specialization computer education,
and seminar/trainings attended varies.
2. Teacher respondents have different perceptions on
the extent of implementation of the Computer
Education Program in Daet, Camarines Norte.
Significance of the Study
The significance of the study explains its relevance
and contribution to the field. It must be explained as
clearly as possible so that readers will understand the
necessity to pursue the research.
It can also help address or solve an existing social or
political problem and the different sectors of the society
will benefit from the study.
Significance of the Study
This part of the research paper defines who will
benefit out of the findings of the study.
Usually the beneficiaries of the study
are those experts concerned about the
problem, the administrators or policy makers who make
the decisions or implement programs, the future
researchers and those who are directly or indirectly
affected by the problem.
 Example:
The results of this study the extent of teenage pregnancy on the
development of students and out-of-school youth in Maramag, Bukidnon
will be beneficial to the following:
► Students. This will give them information about the causes of teenage
pregnancy and its possible effect on their studies. This paper will guide
them to focus first on their studies.
► Out-of-School Youth. They will be made aware of the causes of teenage
pregnancy and are helped to avoid the same to increase their chances to
participate in the Alternative Learning System (ALS) or increase their
chances to go back to formal school.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
► The scope describes the coverage of the study. It
specifies what is covered in terms of concept, number
of subjects or population included in the study as well
as the time frame.
► Delimit is by citing factors or variables that are
not to be included and the boundary in
terms of time frame, number of
respondents.
 Scope and Delimitation of the Study
► This section discusses the parameters of the research in paragraph form. It
answers the basic questions:
1. What – The topic of investigation and the variables included
2. Where – The venue or setting of the research
3. When – The time frame by which the study was conducted
4. Why – The general objectives of the research
5. Who – The subject of the study, the population and sampling
6. How – The methodology of research which may
include the research design, methodology and research
instruments
Example:
The main purpose of the study is to get the perception of the
teachers on the extent of implementation of the Computer Education
Program in Daet, Camarines Norte, SY 2019 – 2020. The study
employs descriptive- quantitative research. The respondents will be
selected using random sampling.
The survey questionnaire will be given to 80 male and female
teacher respondents who are teaching computer education in
different private schools in Daet, Camarines Norte to prevent bias
and get objective perceptions.
 Definition of Terms
This contains words which need to
be defined to provide better understanding of the
study to be conducted. The words are usually
presented in alphabetical orders or as they
appear in the presentation. This will prevent
misinterpretation of terms used with ambiguous
meanings.
 Two Ways to Define a Term
1. Conceptual definition
This definition is taken from
the dictionary and therefore
gives universal meaning of the
word.
2. Operational definition
This is the meaning of the word as used in the
study.
Example:
Computer Programming. This is the process of
instructing machines to perform tasks, to solve
problems, and to provide human interactivity. In this
research, this is the
subject that introduces
object-oriented programming and
basic concepts in software development.
Notes
► This is the listing of all reference materials used in the
chapter. (APA format)
Example:
Black, K. (2015).Considerations in writing a literature
review. Retrieved from http://www. Socialwork-
etcom/feature-articles/practice/considerations_
in_Writing_a_literature_Review/
 CHAPTER 1
The Problem
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Basic Assumption/Hypothesis
Significance of the Study
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Definition of Terms
Notes
Paper Format
Paper Size 8.5” by 11” inches
Font size 12
Font Style Times New Roman
Spacing double
Left Margin 1.5 inches
Right, Top, Bottom margin: 1 inch
Justified
Page number lower right part of the
paper
 CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
This chapter aims to provide
the reader with information on
work previously done in the same area
for better understanding of the study
and to help the researcher fits the
findings into the overall picture.
Functions of Review of Related
Literature and Studies
1. To provide justification of the study
2. To identify gaps, problems and needs of related
studies.
3. To provide rationale of the study as well as the
reasons of conducting the study.
4. To have basis that will be used to support the
findings of the study.
(Provide an introductory paragraph for this chapter)
Example:

This chapter presents various reviews on

related literature and studies which are found
to have relevance to the present study. (Then
proceed to the discussion of the related literature.)

.
Related Literature
A literature review is a compilation,
classification, and evaluation of what other
researchers have written on a particular topic.
Related Literature
Example:
For clarity, the term “career choice” is defined to include broad
opportunities that exist for life long vocations. These vocations are set in
a framework of strategies moving toward personal goals (Kerka, 2007).
As mentioned by Khami (2008), exploration of career choices should
be a positive endeavor for high school students. A thoughtfully
constructed career choice process will provide a meaningful, productive,
satisfying quality of career choices. In the same way, Mcquid(2006)
suggested that a career choice process or outline might provide better
answers than making life decisions based on 18 years of experience.
Related Literature
Example:

In the context of career selection, Dlamani (2007)

accentuated that of the many important choices students will
make in determining future plans is to select a career.
Hall(2010) elucidated that the essence of who the student is
will revolve around what the student wants to do as his/ her
lifelong work. In the same vein, Arudo (2008) believed that
every student carries the unique history of his/her past and this
determines how he /she views the world.
Related Studies
► These are the studies done related to the topic the
researcher is interested in.

► These are empirically- based scientific papers, theses,

dissertations, both published and
unpublished, coming from local or
foreign sources.
Example:
Synthesis-of the-State-of-the-Art
Synthesis means to combine
a number of different pieces into
the whole. It is about concisely
summarizing and linking different
sources in order to review the literature on a topic
and connect practice to the research.
(Continuation) Synthesis-of the-State-of-the-Art
The first thing to do is to do a
synthesis matrix or table organized by the
key studies on your specific topic. Identify
eight to fifteen studies that are closely
related to the focus of your study.
Create Columns to identify :
1. the purpose or research questions the authors posed,
2. the method used in the study,
3. characteristics of the sample,
4. the major findings of the study,
5. the main ideas or themes distilled from the findings,
6. how the findings confirm those of other studies
(similarities), and
7. how the findings differ from other studies or offer
information not found in other sources.
 Synthesizing the information from the review is
not an easy task. The matrix would not do the
thinking for you. However, the matrix would be a
useful tool for helping you relate and organize the
information and for enabling you to keep track of
your sources for citation purposes. Change the
matrix as you need to in order to make it work for
your unique question.
Example
The studies presented supported the idea that thyme and
oregano are the most efficient feature to produce an
anti-oxidant air purifier mosquito repellent device. The study
of Amarowicz et al. (2013) is similar to the present study in
using the same variable which is Oregano. However, the
previous study evaluated the antioxidant property and free
radical scavenging capacity of oregano while in the present
study, will utilize oregano to create a device which is an air
purifier and a mosquito repellent as well.
BRIDGING THE GAP
Bridge the gap means to diminish the differences
between two things.
This means to connect things in a logical way; to
fill in a space between two things.
More so, to bridge the gap is to connect two
otherwise unrelated things by adding something or
by finding common ground.
 Theoretical Framework
► A theoretical framework consists of concepts and,
together with their definitions and reference to
relevant scholarly literature, existing theory that is
used for your particular study.
 Theoretical Framework
► The theoretical framework is the structure that
can hold or support a theory of a research
study. The theoretical framework introduces and
describes the theory that explains why the
research problem under study exists.
 Example of a Theoretical Framework

The study is anchored on the theory of career choice by

Holland (1997) which states that in order to make an informed
career decision, many factors have to be taken into account,
such as the individual's unique characteristics, values,
interests, skills, and personality. Career satisfaction contributes
significantly to the general happiness, stability and well-being
of adults. In order to experience career satisfaction, an
individual has to first make a fitting or appropriate career
choice.
Theoretical Framework (continuation)

Individuals will select, and be more content in a work environment that

corresponds to their type, attributes, decision-making style, and career
maturity.

Watson and Stead (1999) supported the theory of Holland who

pronounced that a clear understanding of the characteristics of the
individual, who is making the career choice, involves the investigation of
the chosen work environment that requires careful consideration in order
to ensure the best possible 'goodness of fit' or match. In short, the more
likely the individual is to adjust, and thrive in the chosen field of work, the
better.
Theoretical Framework (continuation)

Figure 1 shows the theoretical paradigm of the

study. The students have to choose what career
they want to pursue after taking their Junior High
School with respect to academic track, technical,
vocational and livelihood track, sports track, and
arts and design track. However, parental
intervention in students’ career choices is
considered as a factor that may affect the future
career of children.
Theoretical Paradigm

Theoretical paradigm is the visual

representation of the framework
Theoretical Paradigm

Figure 1. Theoretical Paradigm

Conceptual Framework
A Conceptual framework is a representation that
helps to illustrate the expected relationship between
cause and effect in a context. It is also called
a Conceptual Model or research model. Different
variables and the assumed relationships between
those variables are included in the model and reflect
the expectations.
Conceptual Framework
A Conceptual framework and conceptual
paradigm are almost the same. The framework is the
discussion of the concept while the paradigm is the
visual representation of the concept.
Conceptual
Paradigm
Notes
► This is the listing of all reference materials used in the
chapter. (APA format)
Example:
Black, K. (2015).Considerations in writing a literature
review. http://www. Socialwork-
netcom/feature-articles/practice/considerations_
in_Writing_a_literature_Review/
 CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature
Related Studies
Synthesis of the State-of-the Art
Bridging the Gap
Theoretical Framework
Theoretical Paradigm
Conceptual Framework
Conceptual Paradigm
Notes
 CHAPTER 3
Research Design and Methodology
Research Design

A research design refers to the

action plan and research procedures
developed by the researcher in order
to successfully answer the research
problem.
 TYPES OF RESEARCH DESIGN
One of the two major types of
research design is the qualitative
research design. This design explores and
understands a topic or problem through a process
that involves questions and procedures, data
collection, analysis, and data interpretation.
 In qualitative research, the research immersed in the data
collected. The concepts are in the form of the ideas, conclusions,
and classifications. The measures are specific particular setting or to
the researcher. The data gathered from primary sources like
personal observations and interviews are in the form of words and
images. The theories can be causal or noncausal; a researcher
follow the inductive approach in which inquiry starts
with concrete and empirical data and then moves toward
the abstract or general ideas or principles.
 The quantitative research design is the other
major type of research design. In quantitative
research, objective theories as well as
hypotheses are tested through the examination
of the relationship among concepts or variables,
which can be measured through the use of
research instruments like statistical procedures.
 In choosing appropriate research design,
researcher needs to decide on the methodology
or what Cresswell (2009) calls as "strategies of
inquiry." He or she should determine the type
of methods (qualitative, quantitative, or mixed)
which will provide direction and procedures to
the study.
Respondents/Participants of the Study
The respondents/participants are those persons
who have been invited to respond or participate
in a particular study.
Example:

Respondents of the Study

The respondents in this study will come from a
single locale which is in Barangay Labnig, Paracale,
Camarines Norte. Thirty (30) residents will serve as
respondents of the study who have rich experience in
the field of mining and must be currently working in
the mining industry.
Sources of Data
Two sources of data collection techniques are Primary and
Secondary data collection.
Primary data collection uses surveys, experiments or direct
observations.
Secondary data collection may be conducted by collecting
information from a diverse source of documents or electronically
stored information, census and market studies are examples of a
common sources of secondary data. This is also referred to as
"data mining."
Research Instrument
A research Instrument is a tool used to collect, measure, and
analyze data related to your research interests.
The format of a research instrument may consist of
questionnaires, surveys, interviews, checklists or simple tests.
The choice of which specific research instrument tool to use
will be decided on the by the researcher. It will also be strongly
related to the actual methods that will be used in the specific
study.
Example:

Research Instrument
The researchers will use a research-made survey questionnaire to gather
data. The questionnaire consists of two parts. The fist part will be the profile
of the respondents.
The second part will be the level of awareness of the respondents on the
health hazards of gold mining. This will be divided into 3 categories with ten
statements each covering the chemical, dust, and procedure itself. The
questionnaire will be rated based on the Four point Likert’s scale where 4 for
“very much aware”, 3 for “aware”, 2 for “moderately aware” and 1 for “not
aware”. A closed or restricted form of questionnaire will be utilized also for
short and checkmark responses from a list of suggested responses.
Designing The Questionnaire

Questionnaire is an instrument for collecting data.

It consists of a series of questions that respondents
provide answers to a research study. A step-by-step
approach is discussed in this section with the hope
that you, the researcher, will produce a valid and
liable instrument for gathering data.
Collecting Data through Survey

Statement of the Problem

1. What is the profile of the Respondents in terms of age, sex, grade

level?
2. What is your over all satisfaction rating with the school services?
Please explain your answer.
3. What is the student level of satisfaction in the quality of student
services provided by the school?
4. What informational material can be done to enhance the quality
of student services in private secondary schools?
Collecting Data through Survey

Student satisfaction on Student Services in Private Secondary Schools

1. In form your respondents why you are doing the survey.
Ex. Dear Respondent:
We are currently conducting a research on Student Satisfaction on Students
Services in Private Secondary Schools. Please take time in answering these questions.
Your answers will help us improve the services we are offering our students. Thank
you for your cooperation.

The Researchers
 Part 1. Profile of the Respondents

Please tell us a little about yourself.

How old are you? ____________

Male Female

Grade Level _________________

Part 2. Over all satisfaction rating with the school services

A. What is your overall satisfaction rating with the school services
Please select from the given choices.
Very satisfied
Satisfied
Somewhat satisfied
Dissatisfied
Very dissatisfied

B. Please explain your answer.

___________________________________________________________
Part 3. Level of Satisfaction in the quality of student services provided by the
school.

Please rate your level of satisfaction in the quality of services provided by the school
with 5 being the highest and 1 being the lowest.

5 -Very satisfied
4- Satisfied
3- Somewhat satisfied
2 - Dissatisfied
1 -Very dissatisfied

Indicators 5 4 3 2 1
Registrar’s Office
Canteen
Student Information System
Comfort Rooms
Classroom Ventilation
Cashier’s Office
Data Gathering Procedure

This is a narrative explanation on the

process of how the data will be gathered.
This is the step by step procedure/process
on how the data gathering will be done.
Statistical Tools/Tools for Analysis

Statistical tools are mathematical

formulas, models, and techniques that are
used in statistical analysis of raw research
data.
Statistical Tools/Tools for Analysis
Thematic analysis is a method for analyzing
qualitative data that entails searching across a data
set to identify, analyze, and report repeated patterns
(Braun and Clarke 2006). It is a method for
describing data, but it also involves interpretation in
the processes of selecting codes and constructing
themes.
Example:

Statistical Tools
To interpret the data effectively, the researchers will employ the following statistical treatment:
percentage, average weighted mean, and person product moment coefficient of correlation.

Percentage. This tool will be employed to determine the frequency counts and percentage distribution of
personal related variables or profiles of the respondents, particularly the age, educational attainment, and
years of mining experience.

Weighted mean and average weighted mean. This will also be employed to determine the assessment of
the respondents’ level of awareness on the health hazards of mining specifically the effects of chemicals,
dust, and procedure itself to the miners.

Pearson Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation. This will also be used to evaluate if there is a
significant relationship between the level of awareness on the health hazard of mining with regard to the
respondent’s profile such as age, educational attainment, and work experience.
Notes
► This is the listing of all reference materials used in the
chapter. (APA format)
Example:
Black, K. (2015).Considerations in writing a literature
review. http://www. Socialwork-
netcom/feature-articles/practice/considerations_
in_Writing_a_literature_Review/
 CHAPTER 1
The Problem
Introduction
Statement of the Problem
Basic Assumption/Hypothesis
Significance of the Study
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
Definition of Terms
Notes
 CHAPTER 2
Review of Related Literature and Studies
Related Literature
Related Studies
Synthesis of the State-of-the Art
Bridging the Gap
Theoretical Framework
Theoretical Paradigm
Conceptual Framework
Conceptual Paradigm
Notes
 CHAPTER 3
Research Design and Methodology
Research Design
Respondents of the Study
Sources of Data
Research Instrument
Sampling Design
Data Gathering Procedure
Statistical Tools/Tools for Analysis
Notes
QUESTIONNAIRE
and
OUTPUT