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Planting & Cultivating Vegetables

Vegetable gardening consists of selecting a site, planning the garden, preparing the soil, choosing the seeds and plants, planting a crop

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Ryan Paul Caalem
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43 views

Planting & Cultivating Vegetables

Vegetable gardening consists of selecting a site, planning the garden, preparing the soil, choosing the seeds and plants, planting a crop

Uploaded by

Ryan Paul Caalem
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Planting & Cultivating Vegetables

Planting & Cultivating Vegetables

What are the major steps in


planting & cultivating vegetables?

A. Growing seedlings

B. Preparing the field

C. Transplanting the seedlings


A. GROWING SEEDLINGS

©TVBT
What are the steps in seedling growing?
1. Prepare seedling media
Examples of seedling medium mixes:

1:1:1 sieved sand:garden soil:compost

1:1:1 garden soil:coconut coir dust: compost

1:1:1 garden soil: animal manure: coconut coir dust

3:1 coconut coir dust : sand


Important characteristics to consider
in choosing
an ideal seedling media:

 Water-holding capacity and aeration

 Capacity to supply nutrients

 Freedom from soil-borne diseases


2. Sterilize the seedling media

To kill fungus that caused damping off in seedlings


(Phytophthora, Rhizoctonia, Phytium)
Ways to sterilize:

1. Raw-heat method- burning rice straw on top of seed bed (1-5 cm deep)
2. Hot plate sterilization- Sangag
3. Steam sterilization
3. Steam sterilization
What are the different
methods in sowing seeds?

1. Direct sowing

©TVBT
2. Sowing in beds
3. Sowing in trays
What are the advantages of using plastic
seedling tray?

 High quality and uniformity of seedlings

 High survival rate in the field


 Early establishment of seedlings in the field

 Lesser and better use of seeds


 Secure seedlings during harsh field conditions

 Lesser chance for diseases to spread


What are the steps in sowing the seeds?

1. Fill up clean seedling tray with seedling medium

2. Water seedling tray to moisten the medium


3. Put one seed per hole

4. Cover the seeds with thin layer of soil


5. Place the tray in a secured area
How to manage growing seedlings?

1. Keep seedlings moist by regular water


application
2. Fertilize with high nitrogen containing
fertilizer to make vigorous seedlings
3. Protect seedlings from stray animals
4. Prevent stem elongation by
exposing seedlings to partial sunlight
5. Cover the seedlings with
net to avoid intense sunlight
6. Cover the seedlings with
plastic to avoid leaf damage
due to rainfall
How to manage growing seedlings?

7. Spray seedlings with insecticide when severe


infestation occurs (optional)

8. Drench seedlings with fungicide if infected with


damping-off (optional)
How to manage growing seedlings?

9. Harden the seedlings before transplanting to


prevent transplanting shock
FIELD & BED PREPARATION

©TVBT
What are the steps in field preparation?
1. Clear the field from weeds
2. Plow the field using an animal-drawn plow
2. Plow the field using a mechanized tractor
2. Plow the field using power tiller
3. Lay out the field using stakes, tape measure and strings
Calabaza/Upo/Patola
1 m 0.5 m

3m

1.5 – 2 m

5m
Sample layout for UPO
Sample layout for CALABAZA
Sample layout for CALABAZA
Sample layout for PATOLA
Sample layout for PATOLA
Sample layout for CUCUMBER
Sample layout for CUCUMBER
Sample layout for WATERMELON
Sample layout for WATERMELON
Sample layout for WATERMELON
Sample layout for AMPALAYA
Sample layout for AMPALAYA
©TVBT

Sample layout for MUSKMELON


Solanaceous
0.5 m. 1 m.

0.75 m.
Sample layout for TOMATO
Sample layout for TOMATO
Sample layout for PEPPER (sweet & hot)
Sample layout for PEPPER (sweet & hot)
4.Make canals for irrigation and drainage by digging the soil and
raising the bed
Important reminders in making canals
Raise the bed depending on soil type and season

©TVBT
Normally, 10-20 cm high during dry season
and 30-50 cm high during rainy season
5.Establish good canal system both for irrigation & drainage
Because…without proper drainage system, field will look like this
Or like this in Taiwan during rainy season
6.Apply desired and available organic fertilizer
7.Level and form the beds with rakes
8.Cover the bed with plastic mulch
Different kinds of mulch

1. Organic mulch

2. Plastic mulch
Advantages of organic mulch

1. Cheap
2. Easy to install
3. Source of nutrients when fully decomposed
4. Conserve soil moisture
5. Reduce fertilizer leaching

Disadvantages of organic mulch

1. Harbors insect pests & diseases


2. Can not control waterlogging during rainy season
3. Some organic mulch like wood chips cause acidic
reaction in the soil
Advantages of plastic mulch

1. Increase soil temperature


2. Conserve soil moisture
3. Control water logging at plant base
4. Reduce fertilizer leaching
5. Inhibit weed growth
6. Decrease soil compaction
7. Protect fruits from rain-splashed soil deposits
8. Reduce fruit rot
Disadvantages of plastic mulch

1. High investment cost


2. Not friendly to environment
9.Measure recommended plant distance
Solanaceous Crops

Crop Between Between Planting Population Seed req't


furrows hills distance per ha per ha
Tomato 1.5 0.50 0.75 x 0.5 26,666 200 g
Eggplant 1.5 0.75 0.75 x .075 17,778 100 g
Hot pepper 1.5 0.50 0.75 x 0.5 26,666 300 g
Sweet pepper 1.5 0.50 0.75 x 0.5 26,666 300 g
Cucurbit Crops

Table 1. Planting distance(meters) and seed requirement


Between Between Planting Pop'n Seed req't
Crop
furrows hills Distance per ha per ha
Watermelon 5.0 0.5 2.5 x 0.5 8000 400 g
Muskmelon 5.0 0.5 2.5 x 0.5 8000 400 g
Ampalaya 4.0 0.5 2.0 x 0.5 10000 3000 g
Patola 4.0 2.0 2.0 x 2.0 2500 250 g
Upo 4.0 2.0 2.0 x 2.0 2500 375g
Calabaza 4.0 2.0 2.0 x 2.0 2500 375g
10. Punch plastic mulch using a metal puncher
Or a tin can with a hot charcoal
TRANSPLANTING
What are the steps in transplanting?
1. Select for good and healthy seedlings
1. Select for good and healthy seedlings
2. Water the seedlings at least 4 hours before bringing it to the field
3. Push out the seedlings carefully so the roots will not be damaged
4. Transplant late in the afternoon or morning if it’s cloudy
5.Press seedling base firmly and cover the holes with soil
6. Drench the newly transplanted seedlings with
systemic fungicide to protect from fungal diseases (optional)
Thank you

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