PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND APPLIED ETHICS

CHAPTER 1
WHAT IS PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT?
Professional development is continuous learning achieved through training, industry certifications, on
line training programs, mentoring, college and post college studies, and consultations and need to
augment his life and career
The word personality itself stems from the Latin
word persona, which refers to a theatrical mask worn
by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities.
At its most basic, personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors that make a person unique. It is believed that personality arises from within the
individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life
The word personality itself stems from the Latin
word persona, which refers to a theatrical mask worn
by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities.
At its most basic, personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors that make a person unique. It is believed that personality arises from within the
individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life
The word personality itself stems from the Latin
word persona, which refers to a theatrical mask worn
by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities
The word personality itself stems from the Latin
word persona, which refers to a theatrical mask worn
by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities
The word personality itself stems from the Latin word persona, which refers to a theatrical
mask worn by performers in order to either project different roles or disguise their identities
At its most basic, personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors that make a person unique. It is believed that personality arises from within the
individual and remains fairly consistent throughout lif
At its most basic, personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and
behaviors that make a person unique. It is believed that personality arises from within the individual
and remains fairly consistent throughout life
Personality Development in Hospitality Industry
Personality Development is one of the most important aspects in human venture. It is linked with
success or failure of the human beings. Hospitality industry deals with taking care of the needs of the
public and thus it is important for all those people who work in this sector to focus on building the right
personality that would empower them succeed there. Without this, it would trigger to dissatisfaction of
customers.
The hospitality industry provides various unique and interesting processes that individuals go through
to develop certain attitudes, attributes or behavior. Everyone has his or her own experiences in life
that falls out their views about the world and the way in which they discern things around them. The
hospitality Industry provides personality development to their staff which would help in contributing to
the success or failure of the business
Definition and Basics of Personality
Fundamental characteristics of personality:
*Consistency: There is generally a recognizable order and regularity to behaviors. Essentially,
people act in the same ways or similar ways in a variety of situations.
*Psychological and physiological: Personality is a psychological construct, but research
suggests that it is also influenced by biological processes and needs.
*Behaviors and actions: Personality not only influences how we move and respond in our
environment, but it also causes us to act in certain ways.
*Multiple expressions: Personality is displayed in more than just behavior. It can also be seen in our
thoughts, feelings, close relationships, and other social interactions.
Nature of Personality and its Characteristics
Personality development begins at birth and develops gradually. The infant possesses only the barest
rudiments of personality. Potentialities for growth should be developed and the process is known as
maturation. Every feature of personality is influenced by heredity and at the same time by the
surrounding conditions.
Characteristics of Personality
1. Personality is something which is unique in each individual. It refers to internal
as well as external qualities, some of which are quite general. But it is unique to each
Characteristics of Personality
1. Personality is something which is unique in each individual. It refers to internal as well as
external qualities, some of which are quite general. But it is unique to each individual. It is not
possible for any other individual to reproduce or imitate the qualities of the personality of the
individual
2. Personality refers particularly to persistent qualities of an individual . Every
individual has certain feeling as well as other permanent traits and qualities. Personality
is mainly composed of the persistent or permanent qualities that exhibit themselves in form of
social behavior and attempt to make adjustment with the environment.
3. Personality represents a dynamic orientation of organism to environment. It represents the
process of learning. It takes place in reference to the environment. We do not acquire all the traits of
personality all at once.
4. Personality is greatly influenced by social interactions. It is not an individual quality. It is a
result of social- interaction. In other words, it means that when we come in contact with other
members of the society, we acquire certain qualities while we exhibit certain others. All these come to
form personality.
5. Personality represents a unique organization of persistent dynamic and social
predisposition. In personality various qualities are not put together. They are, in fact, integrated into
one. This integration is nothing but a result of organization which may be different from man to man.
Adulthood
Freud's Theory
Freud's theory largely focuses on the period between birth and adolescence, implying that
personality is largely set in stone by early childhood. According to Freud, the genital stage
lasts throughout adulthood. The goal is to develop a balance between all areas of life.
Erikson's Theory
Erikson, on the other hand, took a lifespan approach, believing that development continues
even in old age. His theory includes the three additional stages that span adulthood
Significance of Personality Development
*Gives Confidence: A great personality tends to give a boost to your confidence. When you know
you are appropriately attired and groomed, this makes you less anxious when meeting a person.
Knowing the right things to say and how to conduct yourself will increase your confidence. If
you are in full confidence and well in command of the situation then it becomes really easy
for you to give out your best performance.
*Improves Communication Skills: A lot of emphases is given to improving
communication skills during personality development. Possessing good communication skills
is very important both for personal and professional life. People are more receptive to what you
say if they are impressed with your personality. Verbal communication skills are also part of
personality development; improving your speech will strengthen the impact of your message.
*Helps to develop Positive Attitude: Positive attitude is really important for one to progress in life. A
person with a positive attitude always looks at the brighter side and is always on a developmental
path. An individual with a negative attitude finds a problem in every situation. Rather than
cribbing and criticizing people around, analyze the whole situation and try to find an appropriate
solution for the same. It would make the situation worse. Developing a positive attitude even in a
hopeless situation is the part of personality developmental program.
*Makes you Credible: It is very important to have a proper dressing sense and
picking up right dress for you. Despite the saying that you don’t judge a book by its cover, people do
tend to judge people by their clothing and how it is worn. Also, your dress plays a great deal of role in
your overall looks and your confidence as well. This does not mean buying expensive clothes will do
the whole job. You need to be very careful while picking up clothes for yourself. We all know
people who look shabby in expensive clothes. There are also people who look great even if their
attire is inexpensive.
*Improving Personality: Competition is increasing day by day and there is no less of talented
individuals possessing high academic results and willing to work hard to achieve their goals. You
cannot win by talent and hard work alone these days apart from these two there is a strong
need of good personality too. Personality development is a crucial ingredient for success that
you must obtain to be successful in your life.
Five Aspects of Personality
Originally developed in 1949, the big 5 personality traits is a theory established by D. W.
Fiske and later expanded upon by other researchers including Norman (1967), Smith (1967),
Goldberg (1981), and McCrae & Costa (1987).
Five Aspects of Personality
Originally developed in 1949, the big 5 personality traits is a theory established by D. W.Fiske and
later expanded upon by other researchers including Norman (1967), Smith (1967),Goldberg (1981),
and McCrae & Costa (1987).
*Openness is a characteristic that includes imagination and insight. The world, other people
and an eagerness to learn and experience new things is particularly high for this personality trait. It
leads to having a broad range of interests and being more adventurous when it comes to
decision making.
*Conscientiousness is a trait that includes high levels of thoughtfulness, good impulse
control, and goal-directed behaviors. This organized and structured approach is often
found within people who work in science and even high-retail finance where detail
orientation and organization are required as a skill set.
*Extraversion (Extroversion) is a trait that many will have come across in their own lives. It’s easily
identifiable and widely recognizable as “someone who gets energized in the company of others.”
*People who exhibit high agreeableness will show signs of trust, altruism, kindness, and affection.
Highly agreeable people tend to have high prosocial behaviors which means that they’re more
inclined to be helping other people.
*Neuroticism is characterized by sadness, moodiness, and emotional instability. Often
mistaken for anti-social behavior, or worse a greater psychological issue, neuroticism is a
physical and emotional response to stress and perceived threats in someone’s daily life.
Activity #1:
Direction: Answer the following questions comprehensively. (20 pts)
1. How do you define personality in your own words. Explain your answer.
2. What is the importance of personality development in the tourism industry? Cite a
situation/example.
3. Do you have a personality you want to improve? Why or why not? If so, how are you
going to improve?
4. Give a brief summary of the Dimensions of Theories of Freud and Erickson.
 PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND APPLIED ETHICS
CHAPTER 2

Technique in Professional Development Stage I

The travel and tourism business is unique in the hospitality industry in the sense that it's products
cannot be felt, touched. or seen. They are only heard and experienced. Here you do not sell tangible
products but rather sell ideas and services. You also have to remember that this is a "service"
industry, where the customer is always "supposed" to be right You, therefore, have to highlight
those aspects of your personality which will appeal to your customers and give you self-
confidence. The development of communication skills will give a further boost to your personality
Communication Skills
Besides personal appearance, another important way in which your personality comes
across is when you communicate with each other. The word communication is derived from the Latin
term communicare or communico both of which mean to share. Therefore-communication
is a process of sharing, transferring, or exchanging information, ideas, views and feelings
between two or more persons. Communication is the very essence of human interaction. In any
sphere of life, it is difficult to get along without communicating with others. In the service
industry, it is just impossible.
Communication Process
The communication is a dynamic process that begins with the conceptualizing of ideas by the sender
who then transmits the message through a channel to the receiver, who in turn gives the feedback in
the form of some message or signal within the given time frame. Thus, there are Seven major
elements of communication process:
1. Sender: The sender or the communicator is the person who initiates the conversation
and has conceptualized the idea that he intends to convey it to others.
2. Encoding: The sender begins with the encoding process wherein he uses certain words or non-
verbal methods such as symbols, signs, body gestures, etc. to translate the information into a
message. The sender’s knowledge, skills, perception, background, competencies, etc. has a
great impact on the success of the message.
3. Message: Once the encoding is finished, the sender gets the message that he intends
to convey. The message can be written, oral, symbolic or non-verbal such as body gestures, silence,
sights, sounds, etc. or any other signal that triggers the response of a receiver.
4. Communication Channel: The Sender chooses the medium through which he wants to
convey his message to the recipient. It must be selected carefully in order to make the message
effective and correctly interpreted by the recipient. The choice of medium depends on the
interpersonal relationships between the sender and the receiver and also on the urgency of
the message being sent. Oral, virtual, written, sound, gesture, etc. are some of the commonly used
communication mediums.
5. Receiver: The receiver is the person for whom the message is intended or targeted. He tries to
comprehend it in the best possible manner such that the communication objective is attained. The
degree to which the receiver decodes the message depends on his knowledge of the subject
matter, experience, trust and relationship with the sender.
6. Decoding: Here, the receiver interprets the sender’s message and tries to understand it
in the best possible manner. An effective communication occurs only if the receiver understands the
message in exactly the same way as it was intended by the sender.
7. Feedback: The Feedback is the final step of the process that ensures the receiver has received
the message and interpreted it correctly as it was intended by the sender. It increases the
effectiveness of the communication as it permits the sender to know the efficacy of his message. The
response of the receiver can be verbal or non-verbal.
Communication Barriers
*The use of jargon. Over-complicated, unfamiliar and/or technical terms.
*Emotional barriers and taboos. Some people may find it difficult to express their emotions and
some topics may be completely 'off-limits' or taboo. Taboo or difficult topics may include, but are
not limited to, politics, religion, disabilities (mental and physical),sexuality and sex, racism and any
opinion that may be seen as unpopular.
* Lack of attention, interest, distractions, or irrelevance to the receiver.
*Differences in perception and viewpoint.
* Physical disabilities such as hearing problems or speech difficulties.
*Physical barriers to non-verbal communication. Not being able to see the non-verbal cues,
gestures, posture and general body language can make communication less effective. Phone calls,
text messages and other communication methods that rely on technology are often less effective than
face-to-face communication.
*Language differences and the difficulty in understanding unfamiliar accents.
*Expectations and prejudices which may lead to false assumptions or stereotyping.
People often hear what they expect to hear rather than what is actually said and jump to
incorrect conclusions.
*Cultural differences. The norms of social interaction vary greatly in different cultures,
as do the way in which emotions are expressed. For example, the concept of personal space varies
between cultures and between different social settings.
Overcoming Communication
1. Make Your Ideas Clear Before Communicating. Give a thought to what you are going to say. You
need to have clear ideas about what you are about to speak. Know the motive behind the subject.
Begin with a clear goal of communication and precise thinking.
2. Ensure the Time of Your Communication is Good. When you speak to someone, try to see the
time and the mood of the person. Do not go and knock on your colleague after office hours. Time is
an important factor in communication. When a group of people initiates communication,
you must pay attention and communicate in due time.
3. Use a Language Your Listener Can Understand. You have to ensure that you are speaking
the language which your listener can understand. Make your grammar and vocabulary
as easy as possible while talking and writing. You can always show your language
skills in report or thesis writing. But when you are delivering a meaningful message or conversing
formally or informally, avoid any complex language or using a different accent.
4. Make your Message to the Point and Short. When speaking or writing emails or
chatting, make your message to the point. Firstly, avoid any kind of unnecessary information.
Secondly, only communicate one idea, thought or feeling at a time.
5. Check if the Other Person has Understood Your Message. When you communicate with
someone else, ensure that they understood the message properly. Giving and requesting
feedback proves that you are serious about what the other person says and their views on the
subject.
6. Take Care of Your Body Language, Tone and Content of the Message. Your
expressions, gestures, posture and voice tones are powerful tools. Whenever you are
speaking, make sure you are communicating with correct body language.
7. Listen Before you Speak Again. As Polonius said in Hamlet, “Give every man thy ear, but few thy
voice.” For effective communication, you must always listen to the other person attentively. Even
though you and the other person may have a different perception of the subject, listening to the
person overcomes barriers.
8. Do Not Interrupt When Someone Else is Speaking. Strongly avoid interrupting
someone when they are speaking. Wait till they are finished with what they are saying. It is
considered rude behavior. But when you interrupt someone, it distracts them from the
things they were saying. As a result, they might lose their flow.
9. Make your Message Judgement Free. When you are speaking, do not speak rudely or impolitely
about someone’s culture, religion or belief. It will demean your listener and may affect your listener
emotionally. As a result, they will lose interest in the conversation.
Communication in the Workplace
Good communication is an important skill in any environment with human interactions. Good
communication is also an important factor in client relationships, profitability, team
effectiveness, and employee engagement.
1 – Good Communication Mitigates Conflict One of the times an organization is most
likely to seek communication training is when there’s clear tension or conflict in the workplace.
Regardless of the conflict, communication is usually an underlying factor.
2 – Good Communication Increases Employee Engagement Communicating is more than just
talking. It’s about connecting with people. One of the most powerful benefits of better communication
in the workplace is more engaged employees. Employees are more engaged in their work and can
better align with company objectives and goals when a culture of good communication is established
in a team or workplace.
Communication can improve employee engagement in the following ways:
Gives you tools to better understand the needs and goals of your employees.
Allows you to better understand what motivates and fulfills the employee.
Better understanding of employees’ talents and skills that may otherwise go unnoticed.
Ability to cultivate talents and skills in a way that develops them in line with company goals.
Improved connection between co-workers for a more positive and satisfying work environment.
Better relationship with managers and leaders
3 – Good Communication Creates Better Client Relationships
This one is a biggie if you have client-facing employees since client interactions are usually the
difference between a satisfied customer and a disgruntled one.
4 – Good Communication Results in a More Productive & Talented Workforce
Employee engagement is a significant factor in the productivity of a workforce. But besides
contributing to increased employee engagement, communication skills can also help foster a more
productive and talented workforce in many other ways.
Building Self-esteem and Self Confidence
Self-esteem refers to whether you appreciate and value yourself. Your self-esteem
develops and changes as a result of your life experiences and interactions with other people.
Self-confidence is your belief in yourself and your abilities. This can change depending on the
situation. It's normal to feel quite confident in some circumstances and less confident in others.
How to Deal with Inferiority Complex
Inferiority complexes are developed in childhood due to invalidating experiences, or being raised in a
family that influences you to feel lesser or not good enough. Since inferiority complexes are
subconscious and lead to a wide range of negative thoughts, they manifest in people very differently.
*Build self-confidence
Treat yourself better. Act confident. Do what you love. Embrace yourself. Is there anything in your
body that you don’t feel confident about? Maybe your smile, your nose or your hair? The trick here is
to either accept yourself the way you are or do something about it. Like you can get dental implants in
Mobberley, to feel confident about your smile. If you have curly hair, get your hair straightened. Do
whatever makes you feel better about yourself.
*Surround yourself with people who uplift you
It’s important to realize that your inferiority complex might be linked to the people around you. It might
be your relatives, your friends at college, your siblings or your colleagues. Analyze your interactions
with them.
*Stop worrying about what other people think
One major cause of inferiority complexes is constantly thinking about what others are
thinking about us. We seek validation from them for every action of ours. Sometimes we are thinking
about their actions, while sometimes we are imagining what they think. Disassociate yourself from
their judgements. It’s ultimately your opinion about yourself that matters. When we feel good about
ourselves, others feel good about ourselves.
*Do not be harsh on yourself
There is absolutely no need to be harsh on yourself. Practice self-care. Love yourself. Be kind to
yourself. Do not over analyze situations. Do not expect yourself to change overnight. Give yourself
time to heal.
*Self-talk
Practice positive self-talk. Encourage yourself. Praise yourself for all the good traits that you have.
People who have an inferiority complex tend to do negative self-talk to themselves. Try to change the
tone and words that you use for yourself.
Importance of Self Confidence
*Less Fear and Anxiety
The more confident you become, the more you’ll be able to calm the voice inside you that says, “I
can’t do it.” You’ll be able to unhook from your thoughts and take action in line with your values.
*Greater Motivation
Building confidence means taking small steps that leave a lasting sense of accomplishment. If you’ve
ever learned a language, mastered a skill, reached a fitness goal, or otherwise overcome setbacks to
get to where you wanted to be, you’re well on your way.
*More Resilience
Confidence gives you the skills and coping methods to handle setbacks and failure. Self-confidence
doesn’t mean you won’t sometimes fail. But you’ll know you can handle challenges and
not be crippled by them. Even when things don’t turn out anywhere close to what you planned, you’ll
be able to avoid beating yourself up.
*Improved Relationships
It might seem counterintuitive, but when you have more self-confidence, you’re less focused on
yourself. We’ve all been guilty of walking into a room and thinking, “They’re all looking at me. They all
think I look dumpy and that every word I say is stupid.” The truth is, people are wrapped up in their
own thoughts and worries. When you get out of your own head, you’ll be able to genuinely engage
with others.
*Stronger Sense of Your Authentic Self
Finally, confidence roots you in who you really are. You’ll be able to accept your
weaknesses, knowing they don’t change your self-worth. You'll also be able to celebrate your
strengths and use them more fully.
Ways to Develop Self-Confidence
*Stop Comparing Yourself to Others
Whether you compare how you look to your friends on Facebook or you compare your salary to your
friend’s income, comparisons aren’t healthy. In fact, a 2018 study published in Personality
and Individual Differences found a direct link between envy and the way you feel about yourself.
*Surround Yourself With Positive People
Pay attention to how your friends make you feel. Do your friends lift you up or bring you down? Are
they constantly judging you or do they accept you for who you are?
*Take Care of Your Body
It’s hard to feel good about yourself if you’re abusing your body. On the other hand, if you practice
self-care, you know you're doing something positive for your mind, body, and spirit, and you'll
naturally feel more confident.
*Be Kind To Yourself
Self-compassion involves treating yourself with kindness when you make a mistake, fail, or
experience a setback. It's a way of relating to yourself that allows you to become more emotionally
flexible and better able to navigate challenging emotions, and enhances your connection to self and
others.
*Practice Positive Self-Talk
Using self-talk that is optimistic can help you foster self-compassion, overcome self-doubt, and take
on new challenges. On the other hand, negative self-talk can limit your abilities and lessen your
confidence by convincing your subconscious that you "can't handle it" or that something is "too hard"
and you "shouldn't even try."
*Face Your Fears
Stop putting things off (like asking someone on a date or applying for a promotion) until you feel more
confident. The best way to build your confidence is by facing your fears head-on.
Working on Attitudes
It is a tendency to respond positively or negatively towards a certain idea, object, person, or situation.
It influences an individual's choice of action, and responses to challenges, incentives, and
rewards. An attitude can be as a positive or negative evaluation of people, objects, events, activities,
and ideas.
POSITIVE & NEGATIVE ATTITUDE
• Individuals who have a positive attitude will pay attention to the good, rather than bad in people,
situations, events, etc. These persons always see opportunities.
• People with a negative attitude ignore the good and pay attention to the bad in people, situations,
events, etc. These persons see only limitations.
ATTITUDE & BEHAVIOR
 Attitude is responsible for the way person thinks or feels for someone or something. Behavior
implies the actions, moves, conduct or functions or an individual or group towards
other persons.
 A person’s attitude is mainly based on the experiences gained by him during the
course of his life and observations. On the other hand, the behavior of a person relies on the
situation.
 The way of thinking or feeling is reflected by a person’s attitude, Attitude is defined by the way
we perceive things. On the contrary, a person’s conduct is reflected by his behavior, it is ruled
by social norms.
Root Cause Of Negative Attitude
• Low self-esteem
• Fear or uncertainty
• Unresolved conflict
• Work/things are not sddatisfactory
Influence Of Positive Attitude
*Positive Thinking
*Creative And Constructive Thinking
*Expectations Of Success
*Motivation Towards Goals
*Inspired
*Optimism

Activity #2
Internet Workload
Search the net for sample cases of
people worldwide who have survived
their weaknesses
and served as role models and epitome
of success in their chosen field of
endeavor. Read &
present it to the class.
Activity #2
Internet Workload
Search the net for sample cases of people worldwide who have survived their weaknesses and
served as role models and epitome of success in their chosen field of endeavor. Read &present it to
the class.