Development Status of

Ballast Water Management System

Diane Hu
SunRui Marine Environment Engineering Co., Ltd
11-02-2012

1/66
• Ballast Water Management Convention
– Background

• Ship ballast water carries aquatic organisms and pathogens, unlimited

discharging of ballast water can cause serious ecological, economic and
public health impact.

• IMO Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water
and Sediments in 2004 required that all ships implement ballast water
performance standards(D-2 standard) in accordance with the timetable.
 D-2 standard

Organism Category Regulation

Organisms, ≥50μm in minimum

＜ 10 cells/m3
dimension

Organisms, ＜50μm and ≥ 10μm

＜ 10 cells/ml
in minimum dimension

Toxicogenic Vibrio cholerae ＜ 1cfu/100ml, or ＜1cfu/g (wet

(serotypes O1 and O139) weight) of plankton samples

Escherichia coli ＜ 250 cfu* /100mL

Intestinal Enterococci ＜ 100 cfu* /100mL

* cfu: cell form unit

 USCG Regulation

* USCG has proposed for 2013 to evaluate whether phase 2 standard is applicable, further
to confirm implementation date.
 Californian Regulation

* Scheduled implementation date: January1, 2020

 Basic Approval Active
Data set Submit complete
Experimental data
for discharging ba
application materials
(manufacturers) Substance
llast water
Safety assessmen
Approval
Submit application
t
(BWM.2/Circ 13) (IMO member state) (G9)
Acception Data s
(IMO/MEPC) upple
ment
Type
Risk characteriz
ation and analys assessment Approval(G8)
is (IMO/GESAMP)

Type Approval
Procedure approval
(IMO/MEPC) Document preparation
(manufacturers)

for Circular
(member states)
Active Substance
Assessment

approval of Final Approval

(authority)

Test preparation
Data set

BWMS Experimental data

for
dischargin
Submit application
materials
(manufacturers)
(manufacturers)

g ballast Land-based test Land-based test Environmental test

water /discharging test Same test set (testing organization) (testing organization)
Safety (manufacturers)
assessme
nt Shipboard test
Submit application
(member states) (testing organization)

Data su
Acception ppleme
Confirm residua
(IMO/MEPC) nt
l toxicity consis
tent with the bai
cal approval Assessment Test result
(IMO/GESAMP) (testing organization)

Approval certification
(IMO/MEPC) (authority)

Circulaar-approval list
Active Substance Installation test
(member states) (authority)
• Conditions for Entry-into-Force
– Conditions
• No less than 30% states ratified; and
• No less than 35% of the world total merchant shipping gross tonnage.
The Convention will enter into force 12 months after the date on which the
above conditions have met

– Status of Ratification (by October 31, 2011)

• 30 States;
• 26.44% of the world total merchant shipping gross tonnage.
• The Convention will enter into force 12 months after the date on which the
above conditions have met
• Development Status of BWMS (by 2011 November)
– Statistic
• 60 manufacturers

• 67 kinds of Ballast Water Management Systems.

– Status of Approval
• IMO Approved

35 Basic Approval

18 Final Approval

• Type Approved

17 Type Approval
 Systems Distribution

Country Number of the Treatment System

U. S. 16
Korea 1
Japan 8
Germany 6
China. P. R. 7
U. K. 3
Norway 2
South Africa 2
Denmark 2
Singapore 2
Other Counties 7
Total 67
 BWMS in China
Manufacturer/
No. System Type Approval status Techonology
Country
Filtration +
SunRui Company/ BalClorTM IMO FA, TA by CCS &
1 Electrolysis +
China BWMS TA by DNV
Neutralization
Blue Ocean
2 COSCO/ China TA by CCS Filtration + UV
Shield
Filtration +
3 Headway/ China OceanGuard TA by CCS
Electrolysis
BSKYTM
4 Wuxi Brightsky/ China TA by CCS Filtration + UV
BWMS
NiBallast Ultrafiltration +
5 Taixing /China On-going TA by CCS
BWMS Deoxygen
Filtration + UV
6 Nantong Haijing/China Elite® BWMS On-going TA by CCS
+ Ultrasound
Shanghai Marine
7 Equipment Research － On-going TA by CCS Filtration + UV
Institute / China
 Treatment Technologies Statistics

(a) Physical Pre-treatment Method (b) Dis-infection Method

Dominant Technologies:
• Electrolysis method
• UV method
• Introduction of SunRui
– A share holding subsidiary company of China Shipbuilding Industry Company
Limited (CSIC), with over 220 employees.
– A hi-tech enterprise, engaged in research and development, design,
manufacturing, engineering and project contracting of corrosion control and
water treatment technologies, as well as products.

Seawater BalClorTM Ballast Water

Desalination Management System

Electro- SunRui Sewage

chlorination Treatment

Cathodic Coating
Protection Protection
• Approval

Type Approval by CCS, January, 2011

• On-board Test

BalClorTM BWMS had already been installed onboard and the shipboard test type
approval were completed 28th, Dec. 2010.
• Land-base Test Facility

• Location: seashore, accesses to

freshwater and electricity;
• Design: actual design as vessel ballast
water tank;
• Constructed by shipyard;
• Structure: exact internal and external
design as on vessel;
• Materials: ship building material;
• Coating: same coating applied to
vessel tanks.

The construction of the Chinese first land-based test facility established in June 2008.
• BalClorTM System Operation Principle

• Filter:
– Installation Purpose: Remove large size marine organisms or suspended
particles with dimension over 50um, reducing total amount of solid materials.

• Electrolyzing Seawater:
– Generate high concentrated Sodium Hypochlorite solution to effectively kill
planktons, spores, pathogens, larvae, viruses and other marine organism.

• Neutralization:
– Adding neutralization agent to main water pipe during de-ballasting process to
neutralize TRO* in ballast water, in order to meet D-2 discharging regulation.

– *TRO: total residual oxidant.

Ballasting
De-ballasting
• BalClorTM System Composition

Ballast Pump
Filter Electrolysis Unit

Neutralization Unit
• Filter

• Moderate dimension

• Effective with high efficiency;

• Loss pressure loss, continuous

water flow;

• Available in pressure, time control

and manual control;

• Easy maintenance.
• Electrolysis Unit

Anode Cathode

Anode： 2Cl- → Cl2 + 2e

Cathode： 2H2O + 2e → 2OH- + H2↑

Overall reaction：

NaCl + H2O → NaOCl + H2↑

Hypochlorous acid is the most
bactericidal compounds
• Neutralization Unit
Blender

Neutralization
Tank Metering pump

• Neutralization agent: Na2S2O3

Control Box
• Principle:

Na2S2O3+4NaClO+H2O → 2NaHSO4+4NaCl

• Usage of agent：

7Kg Na2S2O3 per 1000m³ seawater

• HMI Operation

Start

Ballasting (Auto)

Language Setting

De-ballasting (Auto)

Maintenance Mode

Manual Mode (Passcode protected) Alarm Record Data History

• System Installation
• Side-stream technology: 1-2% of total seawater volume for electrolyzing,
system installation requires no modification to vessel pipe line;

• Easy application for new builds design and simply installation for
retrofits;

• Low water volume required for electrolyzing, low power consumption,

less installation space needed;

• High electrolysis efficiency, low power consumption.

• Module Distributional Installation

– Integrated design suitable for all vessel

type, installation requires no
modification to vessel pipe lines;

– Modular design: 4-7 modules can be

installed to suitable place on vessel,
especially easy application for
retrofits;
• BalClorTM System Application Advantage

• Neutralization technology: automatic control, guarantees all

types of voyage distance;

• Applicable for fresh water (salinity ＜ 3 PSU) voyage, two

solutions:

– Retain seawater in APT tank;

– Install a salt tank.

• Models
Dimension
Flow Rate to
Treatment Capacity Required Power
Model Electrolyzer Electrolysis Unit Filter
(m3/h) (KW)
(m3/h) L(mm)×W(mm)×H(m L(mm)×W(mm)×H(m
m) m)

BC-300 100-300 6 15 2500×1800×2200 788×698×1800

BC-500 301-500 6 25 2600×1800×2300 860×780×1905

BC-1000 501-1000 12 35 2900×2300×2200 1090×950×2475

BC-1500 1001-1500 20 75 3000×2600×2100 1245×1123×2615

BC -2000 1501-2000 20 100 3300×2500×2200 1350×1228×2780

BC -2500 2001-2500 36 125 3500×2900×2400 1350×1228×2780

BC -3000 2501-3000 36 150 3500×2900×2400 1525×1335×3395

BC -3500 3001-3500 36 175 3800×2400×2500 1565×1460×3585

BC -4000 3501-4000 36 200 3800×2400×2600 1565×1460×3585

BC -5000 4001-5000 45 250 4000×2800×2600 1845×1585×3860

BC-6000 5001-6000 54 300 5000×5000×2550 1525×2670×3395

BC-7000 6001-7000 65 350 5000×5000×2550 1565×2920×3585

• Safety Assessment of BalClorTM BWMS

• ES Chemical Analysis & Environment Protection

Aquatic Organism Toxicity Test

• HS All Personnel

Exposure Scenario

• VS Corrosion

Hydrogen Safety
• Environment Safety
According to IMO requirements, third-party testing organizations who has the
qualification (ISO17025), was commissioned to evaluate the environmental safety:

Chemical analysis：no persistence, no bioaccumulation, no toxicity，

1
namely no PBT substance.

The chemical concentrations detected are lower than WHO guideline values
2
for drinking water.
The MAM-PEC Model simulated calculation showed that there will be no
3 chemical accumulation in the harbor by using this treatment technology for
a long time (PEC﹤PNEC).
Aquatic toxicity tests of treated ballast water showed that there is no
4
toxicity to aquatic organisms

• Conclusion: BalClorTM BWMS will not cause any risk to the marine environment.
• Human Safety

Personnel： Exposure Scenario Scenario:

• Crew； • Maintenance;
Skin • Handling of neutralizer;
• Public； • Sampling;
Contact
• Visitor； • Entering ballast tanks;
Inhalation • Carrying out work on
• Docker； deck near to the vent
Ingestion heads of ballast tanks;
• Surveyor； • Swimming；
• PSC officer. • Seafood consuming;
• Leakage due to accident.
Assessed by the CCS, there will be no risks to all personnel
• Vessel Safety
– Corrosion Test :
According to IMO guidelines, the organizations with qualification were
commissioned to evaluate the corrosion effect of the treated ballast water
(test duration is 6 months):

•Weight loss test of uncoated low carbon steel

•The corrosion evaluation of coated steel
•Corrosion test of stainless steel and Cu alloy (pitting corrosion, crevice
corrosion and cyclic potentiodynamic polarization measurement)
•Corrosion test of coating properties (meet the PSPC requirement)
•Corrosion test of no-metals

All results shows that the corrosivity of treated ballast water is at the similar level
to natural seawater.
 Natural Treated
– Corrosion Test (6 Months Duration) : Seawater seawater

Natural Cu Alloy
Seawater

Natural
Seawater
Treated
seawater

Coated steel Treated

seawater

Uncoated low carbon steel

– Corrosion Test (6 Months Duration) :

Natural Treated
Seawater seawater

Natural
Seawater

Treated
seawater PSPC Coating

Stainless Steel
– Hydrogen Safety:
• Three insurance methods：

Wind Pr sensor Spark Arrestor H2 Detection

• The Detection in Type Approval showed that there was no hydrogen gas existed
around the electrolytic equipment and in the headspace of ballast water tanks;
• Hydrogen gas concentration at the end of vent pipe is less than 0.28%(v/v)
(explosion limit 4%~75%).
IMO evaluation report considered that the hydrogen gas safety measures of
BalClorTM System is appropriate.
• BalClorTM System High Vessel Applicability
• Electrolysis Technology
Reliable, effective with long disinfection durability; SunRui has successfully
practiced electrolysis seawater to generate Sodium Hypochlorite technology for
over 30 years; mature technologies has been applied to over 12 Nuclear Power
Stations, 100 Thermal Stations, 10 chemical plants and 20 vessels;
• Once Disinfection
No need to repeat at de-ballasting process, simple operation with high effective
result;
• Applicable to fresh water and muddy water;
• Model varieties cover all different vessel types.
• Technology Comparison with UV treatment Method

Technology Comparison BalClorTM System UV System

7,000 m3/h，all vessel type

Max. Treatment Capacity 2000 m3/h
covered

Decreased UV penetration to
Water Condition Can be applied to muddy water
turbid water

Side-stream technology, no
Installed on main water pipeline,
Installation change to main vessel pipeline
change pipeline arrangement
arrangement

Power Consumption 35kw* 100~120kw*

Core components reaches Core components need to be

Maintenance Cost
vessel whole service life changed periodically

* Power Consumption refers to the same 1000 m3/h treatment capacity

• BalClorTM System High Economic Performance
– Operation Cost

Core component – electrolyzer, consuming 80% of total system power supply,

operating in high efficiency with low power consumption.

– Maintenance Cost

Core component – electrolyzer, has the life span over 40 years, which reaches
vessel whole service life, requires less maintenances service and repair cost.
• Maintenance cost comparison with UV method

Concept BalClorTM UV

Core Component Electrolyzer UV light Bulb

43800h 1500h~2000h

Life Span

Vessel whole service life* 3.5 to 5 years*

Maintenance cost None 20% of system cost

* Assuming each ballast duration is 15hr, 14 voyages each year, with 25 days per voyage
• Reference List of BalClorTM Ballast Water Management System
Model of
Date Owner Shipyard Vessel Type No. BalClorTM Class Hull Number
BWMS

Wuhan Xingang Wuhan Nanhua

6,000 DWT Bulk
Sep. 2011 Investment Shipbuilding Heavy 1 BC-300 CCS /
Carrier
Company Industry Co. Ltd

Greathorse
Shanhaiguan
Business 76,000 DWT Bulk BC760-
Oct. 2011 Shipbuilding Heavy 4+4 BC-1000 DNV
Consultants Carrier 01/02/03/04
Industry Co. Ltd
(Shanghai) Ltd.

Guanzhou Shipyard
China Shipping
Nov. 2011 International 48,000DWT Tankers 8 BC-1000 CCS 10130013~20
Company
Co.,LTD.

Dalian Shipbuilding
China Shipping 110,000DWT
Nov. 2011 Heavy In 3 BC-1500 CCS PC1100-38/39/40
Company Tankers
dustry Co.Ltd

Dalian Shipbuilding
China Shipping
Nov. 2011 Heavy In 320,000DWT VLCC 2 BC-3000 DNV+CCS T3000-54/55
Company
dustry Co.Ltd

Tianjin Xingang
57,000DWT Bulk
Dec 2011 Singapore PIL Shipbuilding Heavy 5 BC-1500 LR NB003-1/2/3/4/5
Carrier
Industry Co., Ltd

 Total 27 vessels, 48 sets of system

• Industrial Capacity

2000

Long-term
production 1000
capacity

2013 production 500

capacity

Existing production
capacity
Thank you for your attention!