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Layers of The Earth

The Earth is composed of three main layers: the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the outermost solid layer that ranges from 5-70 km thick and is made up of the continental and oceanic crust. The mantle extends from the crust nearly 3000 km deep and makes up most of the Earth's volume. Below the mantle is the core, with the outer core a liquid layer of iron and nickel, and the inner core a solid ball of iron and nickel. Each layer has a unique composition and properties that all contribute to shaping the Earth.

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35 views13 pages

Layers of The Earth

The Earth is composed of three main layers: the crust, mantle, and core. The crust is the outermost solid layer that ranges from 5-70 km thick and is made up of the continental and oceanic crust. The mantle extends from the crust nearly 3000 km deep and makes up most of the Earth's volume. Below the mantle is the core, with the outer core a liquid layer of iron and nickel, and the inner core a solid ball of iron and nickel. Each layer has a unique composition and properties that all contribute to shaping the Earth.

Uploaded by

cruzshelyanne
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lay e r s o f

The earth
Science 10
L a y e r s
E a r t h ’ s
The Earth is made up of three main layers: the
crust, the mantle, and the core. Each layer has its
own unique composition and properties, and
they all play an important role in shaping our
planet.
T h e C r u s t
The crust is the outermost layer
of the Earth, and it is the only
layer that we can directly
observe. It is made up of solid
rock, and it is relatively thin,
ranging in thickness from 5 to 70
kilometers. The crust is divided
into two main types: oceanic
crust and continental crust.
T w o T y p es o f C r u s t

Continental crust

Oceanic crust
C o n t in en t a l C r u s t

It is mainly made up of silicone, oxygen,


aluminum, calcium, sodium, and
potassium. The thickness of the
continental crust is mostly 35-40
kilometer. Continental crust, found
under land masses, is made of less dense
rocks such as granite.
O c ea n ic C r u s t

The thickness of oceanic crust is


around 7-10 kilometers. Oceanic
crust is composed primarily of
mafic rocks, such basalt and
gabbro. The oceanic crust is
much younger than oceanic
crust
The Mantle
Beneath the crust is the mantle, which makes up a
significant portion of the Earth’s volume. The mantle
extends to about about 1900 miles (2900 kilometers)
below the Earth’s surface. The mantle is the thickest
layer of the Earth, extending from the crust to the
core. The mantle is mainly mainly made up of silicate
rocks. The mantle is divided into two main layers: the
upper mantle and the lower mantle.
The Mantle
The upper mantle is thicker than the
lower mantle. The lower part of the
mantle is consists more iron than the
upper part. This explains that the
lower mantle is denser than the upper
part.
O u t er C o r e
The outer core is about 1,370 miles (2,200
kilometers) below the Earth’s surface. The
temperature in the outer core reaches up to
2000°C at this very high temperature, iron
and nickel melts. Aside from seismic data
analysis, the Earth's magnetic field
strengthens the idea that the Earth's outer
core is molten/liquid. The outer core is mainly
made up of iron and nickel moving around the
solid inner core, creating Earth's magnetism.
In n er c o r e
The innermost layer of the Earth is the inner core,
which begins at a depth of approximately 3,200
miles (5,150 kilometers) at the Earth’s center. The
inner core is made up of solid iron and nickel and
has a radius of 1300 kilometers. Its temperature
reaches to about 5000°C. The extreme temperature
could have molten the iron and nickel but it is
believed to have solidified as a result of pressure
freezing, which is common to liquids subjected
under tremendous pressure.
Conclusion
Here are some of the importance of the layers of the
Earth:
•The crust provides us with the land we live on, the
water we drink, and the air we breathe.
•The mantle is the source of the Earth's heat, which
drives the movement of the tectonic plates and the
formation of mountains.
Conclusion
Here are some of the importance of the layers of the
Earth:
•The outer core generates the Earth's magnetic field,
which protects us from harmful solar radiation.
•The inner core is the source of the Earth's gravity,
which keeps us from floating off into space.
Thank you
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