National Accounting Standard For Commercial Organisations 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements"
National Accounting Standard For Commercial Organisations 1 "Presentation of Financial Statements"
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OBJECTIVE
5. The objective of this standard is to prescribe the basis for presentation of general purpose financial statements that provide comparability both with the organisation's own financial statements of previous periods and with the financial statements of other organisations.
SCOPE
6. This standard shall be applied to the presentation of all financial statements which have been prepared in accordance with National Accounting Standards for Commercial Organizations. This standard applies to commercial organisations, except public interest entities and subject of small entrpreneuship. This standard applies to both the financial statements of enterprises and the consolidated financial statements of a group subject to the provisions of the relevant articles of the Accounting Law of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
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DEFINITIONS
9. The terms used in this standard have the following meanings: Enterprise is a type of commercial organization other than a public interest entity or subject of small entrepreneurship. Financial statements are the general purpose financial statements intended to meet the needs of users who are not in a position to demand reports tailored to meet their specific information needs.
Accounting policy is the set of specific principles, bases, conventions, rules and practices adopted by an enterprise subject to its pecularities to prepare and present financial statements. Measurement Basis is methodology that is used for the determination of those monetary attributes of the assets, liabilities, income, expenses and equity on which they are reflected in financial statements. Operating cycle - is the period between the acquisitions of materials entering into the production process and converting of outputs produced from these materials into cash or cash equivalents. . Asset is a resource controlled by the enterprise as a result of past events and from which future economic benefits are expected to flow to the enterprise. Liability is a present obligation of the enterprise arising from past events, the settlement of which is expected to result in an outflow from the enterprise of resources embodying economic benefits. Equity is the value of assets of the enterprise after deducting all its liabilities. Income an increase in economic benefits during the reporting period in the form of inflows or enhancements of assets or decreases in liabilities that result in increases in equity, other than those relating to contributions from owners. Income encompasses principle income and other income. Principle income income that arises in the course of the ordinary activities of an enterprise and is classified under a variety of different headings including sales, fees, interest, dividends, royalties and rent. If it is probable that income arising from ordinary activities will recur regularly then such income is considered as principal. Other income income that does not arise regularly in the course of the ordinary activities of an enterprise and does not meet the definition of principal income. Other income may be reported through the Income Statement or the Statement of Changes in Equity in accordance with the relevant National Accounting Standard for Commercial Organizations. Expense is a decrease in economic benefits during the reporting period in the form of outflows or depletions of assets or incurrences of liabilities that result in decreases in equity, other than those relating to distributions to owners. Principle expense is an expense that arises in the course of the ordinary activities of an enterprise and is classified under a variety of different headings including either by its nature or by its function. Other expenses is expense that does not arise regularly in the course of the ordinary activities of an enterprise and does not meet the definition of principal expense. Other expenses may be reported through the Income Statement or the Statement of Changes in Equity in accordance with the relevant National Accounting Standard for Commercial Organizations. Capital maintenance adjustments increase or decrease of the equity that consistent with definition of income or expenses but does not reported through Income statement in accordance with relevant capital maintenance concept. Equity contributions from owners increases in equity resulting from transfers from owners of their shares in companys capital. Distribution of equity to owners decreases in equity resulting from transfers to owners of their shares in companys capital and from distributions of net profit among them.
Hedging is an operation for insurance from losses arising against changing of value of assets and liabilities. Net basis for presentation is presentation subject to provisions of National Accounting Standards in financial statements of assets and liabilities, income and expenses, cash inflows and outflows in net amount resulted from offsetting one of them by another.
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(c)
the financial impact of the departure on the enterprise's net profit or loss, assets, liabilities, equity and cash flows for each period presented.
Accounting Policy
17. Management should select and apply an enterprise's accounting policies so that its financial statements comply with all the requirements of each applicable National Accounting Standard. Where there is no specific requirement related to accounting policy in National Acconting Standards, management should develop policies to ensure that the financial statements provide information that is relevant to the decision-making needs of users and reliable in that they: represent faithfully the results and financial position of the enterprise; reflect the economic substance of events and transactions and not merely the legal form; are neutral, that is, free from bias; are prudent; and are complete in all material respects In the absence of a specific National Accounting Standard, management uses its judgement in developing an accounting policy that provides the most useful information to users of the enterprise's financial statements. In making this judgement, management considers: (a) the requirements and guidance in National Accounting Standards dealing with similar and related issues; (b) the definitions, recognition and measurement criteria for assets, liabilities, income and expenses set out in the Conceptual Framework of National Accounting Standards; and () accepted industry practices to the extent, but only to the extent, that these are consistent with (a) and (b) of this paragraph. Where it is necessary to choose between accounting policies that satisfy the conditions in paragraph 18, management should select whichever of those accounting policies is judged by the management to be most appropriate to the enterprises particular circumstances for the purpose of presenting fairly the financial position, financial performance and cash flows of an enterprise.
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In such circumstances the enterprise may, if required, prepare its financial statements on a basis other than that of a going concern. 21. When preparing financial statements, management should make an assessment of an enterprise's ability to continue as a going concern. When management is aware, in making its assessment, of material uncertainties related to events or conditions which may cast significant doubt upon the enterprise's ability to continue as a going concern, those uncertainties should be disclosed. When the financial statements are not prepared on a going concern basis, that fact should be disclosed, together with the basis on which the financial statements are prepared and the reason why the enterprise is not considered to be a going concern. In assessing whether the going concern assumption is appropriate, management takes into account all available information for the foreseeable future, which should be at least, but is not limited to, twelve months from the balance sheet date. The degree of consideration depends on
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the facts in each case. When an enterprise has a history of profitable operations and ready access to financial resources, a conclusion that selected accounting policy for financial statements preparation is appropriate may be reached without detailed analysis. In other cases, management may need to consider a wide range of factors surrounding current and expected profitability, debt repayment schedules and potential sources of replacement financing before it can satisfy itself that the going concern basis is appropriate
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Consistencyof Presentation
25. The presentation and classification of items in the financial statements should be retained from one period to the next unless: (a) a significant change in the nature of the operations of the enterprise or in result of enterprise financial statements analysis become clear that other presentation or classification is more appropriate in terms of criteria of accounting policy selection and application stated in this standard. a change in presentation is required by a National Accounting Standard.
(b) 26.
A significant acquisitions or disposals of subsidiaries or other business units may be resulted in changes in enterprises (groups) structure or presentation of financial statements. In such cases enterprise revises its financial statements only if: (a) the revised presentation provides information, which is fair and more relevant for financial statements users; (b) the revised structure is likely to continue for long-term perspective.
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Offsetting
30. Assets and liabilities should not be offset except when offsetting is required or permitted by another National Accounting Standard for Commercial Organisations. Items of income and expense should be offset when and only when: (a) a National Accounting Standard for Commercial Organisations requires or permits it; or (b) other income, and related other expenses arising from the same or similar transactions and events that are not material.
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The reporting of value of assets net of valuation allowances or accumulated depreciation is not offsetting. Enterprise undertakes, in the course of its ordinary activities, transactions which do not generate revenue but which are incidental to the main activities. The results of such transactions are presented, when this presentation reflects the substance of the transaction or event, by netting any income with related expenses arising on the same transaction. For example: (a) other income and other expenses arising on the disposal of non-current assetsare reported by deducting from the proceeds on disposal the carrying amount of the asset and related selling expenses; (b) expenditure that is reimbursed under a contractual arrangement with a third party is netted against the related reimbursement; (c) extraordinary items may be presented net of related taxation and minority interest with the gross amounts shown in the notes. Other income and other expenses arising from a group of similar transactions are presented on a net basis. Other income and other expenses are, however, reported separately if their size, nature or incidence is such that separate disclosure is required by another National Accounting Standard for Commercial Organisations.
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Comparative nformation
36. Unless a National Accounting Standard for Commercial Organisations permits or requires otherwise, comparative information should be disclosed in respect of the previous period for all numerical information in the financial statements. Comparative information should also be included in the narrative and descriptive information when it is relevant to an understanding of the current period's financial statements. In some cases narrative information provided in the financial statements for the previous period(s) continues to be relevant in the current period. When the presentation or classification of items in the financial statements is amended, comparative amounts should be reclassified, if practicable to do so, to ensure comparability with the current period. If comparative amounts are reclassified enterprise shall disclose the following information: (a) the nature of reclassification; (b) amounts of each reclassified item or groups(sub-groups) of items; (c) reason for reclassifying When it is impracticable to reclassify comparative amounts, an enterprise should disclose the following information: (a) reason for not reclassifying; (b) the nature of the changes that would have been made if amounts were reclassified.
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income statement; changes in equity statement; cash flow statement; accounting policies and explanatory notes.
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Reporting Period
46. Financial statements should be presented at least annually. When, in exceptional circumstances, an enterprise's reporting date changes and annual financial statements are presented for a period longer or shorter than one year, an enterprise should disclose, in addition to the period covered by the financial statements: (a) the reason for a period other than one year being used; and (b) The fact that comparative amounts for the income statement, changes in equity, cash flows and related notes are not comparable.
Timeliness
47. An enterprise shall present its annual financial statements and consolidated financial statements within 4 or 6 months after the end of the reporting period, respectively.
Current Assets
Approved: 18 April 2006 8
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An asset should be classified as a current asset when it: (a) is expected to be converted in cash or cash equivalents in, or is held for sale or consumption in, the normal course of the enterprise's operating cycle; (b) is held primarily for trading purposesor for the short-term and expected to be converted in cash or cash equivalents within twelve months of the reporting date; (c) is cash or a cash equivalent asset which is not restricted in its use. All other assets should be classified as non-current assets.
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Current assets include inventories and receivables from customers and purchasers that are sold, consumed and converted in cash and cash equivalents as part of the normal operating cycle even when they are not expected to be converted in cash and cash equivalents within twelve months of the reporting date. Securities are classified as current assets if they are expected to be converted in cash and cash equivalents within twelve months of the reporting date; otherwise they are classified as non-current assets.
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Current Liabilities
53. A liability should be classified as a current liability when it: (a) is expected to be settled in the normal course of the enterprise's operating cycle; (b) is due to be settled within twelve months of the reporting date. All other liabilities should be classified as non-current liabilities. 54. Some current liabilities, such as payables to suppliers and contractors and accruals for employee and other operating costs, form part of the working capital used in the normal operating cycle of the enterprise. Such operating liabilities are classified as current liabilities even if they are due to be settled after more than twelve months from the reporting date. Other current liabilities are not settled as part of the current operating cycle, but are due for settlement within twelve months of the reporting date. Examples are the current portion of interest-bearing liabilities, bank overdrafts, dividends payable, income taxes and other payables unrelated to the current operating cycle. Interest-bearing liabilities that provide the financing for working capital on a long-term basis, and are not due for settlement within twelve months, are non-current liabilities. An enterprise should continue to classify its long-term interest-bearing liabilities as non-current, even when they are due to be settled within twelve months of the reporting date only if: (a) the original term was for a period of more than twelve months; (b) the enterprise intends to refinance the liability on a long-term basis; (c) that intention is supported by an agreement to refinance, or to reschedule payments, which is made before the financial statements are authorised for issue. The amount of any liability that has been excluded from current liabilities in accordance with paragraph 56 , together with information in support of this presentation, should be disclosed in the notes to the balance sheet. Some borrowing agreements incorporate specific provisions that define the cases when if certain conditions related to the borrower's financial position are breached then its long-term liability becomes payable on demand. In these circumstances, the liability is classified as noncurrent only when: (a) the lender has agreed, prior to the authorisation of the financial statements , not to demand payment as a consequence of the breach; and (b) it is not probable that further breaches will occur within twelve months of the reporting date.
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intangible assets; financial assets (excluding assets shown under (), (e) and ( )); investments accounted for using the equity method; inventories; receivables; cash and cash equivalents; payables; tax liabilities and assets; 1 provisions (estimated liabilities ); interest-bearing liabilities; minority interest; and capital and reserves.
In presenting the above-mentioned items the enterprise should keep the format of the balance sheet, as provided in the Appendix 3 to this standard. Amendments to the titles of the abovementioned obligatory items are only permissable if required by another National Accounting Standard for Commercial Organisations. Additional items, headings and sub-totals should be presented on the face of the balance sheet when a National Accounting Standard requires it, or when such presentation is necessary to present fairly the enterprise's financial position. The judgement on whether additional items are separately presented is based on an assessment of: (a) the nature and liquidity of assets and their materiality; (b) their function within the enterprise; (c) the amounts, nature and timing of liabilities. Assets and liabilities that differ in nature or function are sometimes subject to different measurement bases. n such cases they should be presented in financial statements as separate items.
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Information to be Presented Either on the Face of the Balance Sheet or in the Notes
64. An enterprise should disclose, either on the face of the balance sheet or in the notes to the balance sheet, further sub-classifications of the line items presented, classified in a manner appropriate to the enterprise's operations. Each item should be sub-classified, by its nature. At that amounts payable to and receivable from the parent enterprise, all fellow subsidiaries and associates and other related parties should be disclosed separately. The detail provided in sub-classifications, either on the face of the balance sheet or in the notes depends on the requirements of National Accounting Standards and the size, nature and function of the items reported.
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(g) 67.
In presenting the above-mentioned items the enterprise should keep the format of the Income statement provided in the Appendix 4 or Appendix 5 to this standard. Amendments to the titles of the above-mentioned obligatory items are only permissible if required by another Naional Accounting Standard for Commercial Organisations. Additional line items, headings and sub-totals should be presented on the face of the income statement when required by a National Accounting Standard, or when such presentation is necessary to present fairly the enterprise's financial performance.
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Information to Be Presented Either on the Face of the Income Statement or in the Notes
69. An enterprise should present, either on the face of the Income Statement or in the notes to the Income Statement, an analysis of expenses using a classification based on either the nature of expenses or their function within the enterprise. Expense items are sub-classified in order to highlight a range of components which differ in terms of stability, potential for future economic benefits generation and predictability. This information is provided in one of two ways. The first analysis is referred to as the nature of expenditures method. Expenses are aggregated in the income statement according to their nature, (for example depreciation, materials costs, transport costs, wages and salaries, advertising costs), and are not reallocated amongst various functions within the enterprise. The second analysis is referred to as the function of expense and classifies expenses according to their function as part of cost of sales, commercial expenses or administrative expenses. Enterprises classifying expenses by function should disclose additional information on the nature of expenses, including depreciation and amortization expenses and staff costs. An enterprise should disclose, either on the face of the income statement or in the notes, the amount of dividends per share, declared or proposed, for the period covered by the financial statements.
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Notes to the financial statements should be presented in a systematic manner. Each item on the face of the Balance Sheet, Income Statement and Cash Flow Statement should be cross-referenced to any related information in the notes. Notes should be presented in the following order: () Statement of compliance with National Accounting Standards, or if, in the opinion of management compliance with a requirement of a standard would be misleading the following disclosures: a statement that whilst the financial statements have been prepared in compliance with National Accounting Standards for Commercial Organisations they do not present fairly the financial position or results of the enterprise ; the reason why they do not present fairly the financial position or results of the enterprise; disclosure of information ,that in the opinion of management, ensures the fair presentation of the financial position and results.
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(b) (c) ()
statement of the measurement basis (bases) and accounting policies applied; supporting information for items presented on the face of each financial statement in the order in which each line item and each financial statement is presented; and other disclosures, including: contingencies, commitments (agreed obligations for future operations) and other financial disclosures; and non-financial disclosures.
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Information about the basis of preparation of the financial statements and specific accounting policies may be presented as a separate component of the financial statements.
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determination of business and geographical segments and the basis for allocation of costs between segments; determination of cash and cash equivalents; inflation accounting; and government grants and other state assistance.
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Other National Accounting Standards specifically require disclosure of accounting policies in many of these areas. If enterprise uses specific accounting policies, which are not covered by existing National Accounting Standards it should disclose such accounting policies.
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Other Disclosures
86. An enterprise should disclose the following if not disclosed elsewhere in information published with the financial statements: (a) the domicile and legal form of the enterprise, its country of incorporation and the address of the registered office and principal place of business, if different from the registered office; (b) a description of the nature of the enterprise's operations and its principal activities; (c) the name of the parent enterprise and the ultimate parent enterprise of the group; and () the average number of employees for the period.
TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS
88. The following paragraphs of this standard become effective only after introduction of appropriate National Accounting Standards: (a) paragraphs 8 (in the part of consolidated financial sttements), 59(x), 83(b), 66(), 66(f) after the introduction of the National Accounting Standard based on IAS 27 Consolidated and Separate Financial Statements; (b) paragraph 59 () after the introduction of the National Accounting Standard based on IAS 28 - Accounting on Investments in Associates; (c) paragraph 83 (c) and after the introduction of the National Accounting Standard based on IFRS 2 - Business Combinations; () paragraph 83 () after the introduction of the National Accounting Standard based on IAS 31 Interests In Joint Ventures; (d) paragraph 83 (f) after the introduction of the National Accounting Standard based on IAS 40 - Investment Property; (e) paragraph 83 () (in part of deferred taxes) after the introduction of the National Accounting Standard based on IAS 12 - Income Taxes; ( ) paragraph 83 (y) after the introduction of the National Accounting Standard based on IAS 19 - Employee Benefits; (f) paragraph 83 (q) after the introduction of the National Accounting Standard based on IAS 14 - Segment Reporting; (g) paragraph 83 (m) after the introduction of the National Accounting Standard based on IAS 29 Financial Reporting in Hyperinflationary Economies; () paragraph 83 (n) after the introduction of the National Accounting Standard based on IAS 20 - Accounting for Government Grants and Disclosure of Government Assistance. The following paragraphs of this standard will obtain proper meaning only after introduction of appropriate National Accounting Standardsfor Commercial Organisations: (a) paragraph 59 (c) after the introduction of National Accounting Standard based on IAS 32 Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation;
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(b) (c)
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paragraphs 66 (c) and 83 (e) after the introduction of the National Accounting Standard based on IAS 23 - Borrowing Costs; paragraph 79 () (in part of contingent assets ans contingent liabilities) after the introduction of the National Accounting Standard based on IAS 37 - Provisions, Contingent Liabilities and Contingent Assets; paragraph 83 (g) after the introduction of the National Accounting Standard based on IAS 32 - Financial Instruments: Disclosure and Presentation.
EFFECTIVE DATE
90. The effective date of this standard is determined by appropriate order of Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Azerbaijan.
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Appendix 1 Comparison of National Accounting Standard for Commercial Organisations No.1 Presentation of Financial Statements with International Accounting Standard No. 1 Presentation of Financial Statements
The National Accounting Standard for Commercial Organizations (NASCO1) - Presentation of Financial Statements is based on International Accounting Standard 1 (issued in1999) - Presentation of Financial Statements (IAS 1). The main differences between NASCO 1 and IAS 1 are as follows: 1. The NASCO 1 contains definitions of assets, liabilities, equity, income and expenses in line with 2 3 the IASB Framework definitions. In addition it defines Principal Income , Other income , 4 5 Principal expenses and Other expenses on the basis of their description provided in IASB Framework. In accordance with IAS1, in extremely rare circumstances If management concludes that compliance with a requirement in a standard would be misleading and therefore the departure from a requirement is necessary to achieve a fair presentation the enterprise make that departure and disclose additional justifying information (paragraph 13). NASCO 1 requires compliance with the requirements of the National Accounting Standards for Commercial Organizations (paragraph 16), but additionally to disclose the fact that whilst the financial statements have been prepared in compliance with National Accounting Standards for Commercial Organizations the statements do not present fairly the financial position or results of the enterprise; the reason why they do not present fairly the financial position or results of the enterprise; and disclosure of information ,that in the opinion of management, ensures the fair presentation of the financial position and results.(paragraph 79).
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IAS 1 gives an enterprise the option of whether or not to present current and non-current assets and liabilities as separate classifications on the face of the Balance Sheet. NASCO 1 requires an enterprise to distinguish current and non-current assets and liabilities on the face of the Balance Sheet (paragraph 49). IAS 1 does not require any format of Balance Sheet and Income Statement (paragraphs 68 and 75). NASCO 1 requires the presentation of the minimum obligatory information, using the presentation format prescribed in appropriate Appendicies to standard (paragraphs 60 and 67).
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IAS 1 states general requirements for the presentation of the changes in equity (paragraphs 8689). NASCO 1 does not contain any provisions on this matter and makes reference to the separate National Accounting Standard for Commercial Organizations that will cover these issues (paragraph 75). IAS 1 recommends the order of presentation of the additional information in the notes (paragraph 94). NASCO 1 makes this order obligatory (paragraph 79). NASCO 1 contains an extra section on the first time application of the standard (paragraph 87), which states that the presentation of comparative information for the first time application of the standard is not required. . NASCO 1 contains an extra section on transitional provisions (paragraph 88), which states that some provisions of the standard will come to the effect and some other provisions of the standard will obtain proper meaning only after introduction of the appropriate NASCO(s).
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Revenue in IFRS other gains in the IASB Framework 4 has not specific title in the IASB Framework 5 losses - IASB Framework)
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