Water Level Indicator

Abstract

The drinking water crisis in India is reaching alarming proportions. It might

very soon attain the nature of global crisis. Hence, it is of extreme importance
to preserve water. In home-based water tank, the one problem is very common
to us that the control of water level of overhead tank, as a result the wastage of
water is increasing day by day. But we all know water is very precious to us.
This problem can be controlled by a simple electronic circuit consists with
some cheap electronic components, that circuit is called ‘Water Level
Indicator’. The operation of water level controller works upon the fact that
water conducts electricity. So, water can be used to open or close a circuit. As
the water level rises or falls, different circuits in the controller send different
signals. These signals are used to switch ON or switch OFF the motor pump as
per our requirements.
Water Level Indicator is a simple low-cost circuit. There the circuit is made
with various components like transistors (BC547.BC548) Resistors, Leds and
etc. After we discussed that how to make the circuit without transistors and
after we calculate that we got the result, beside we got help from our teacher
about this circuit. At last we got a simple circuit without transistor and it shows
result. We removed the transistors to make the circuit cheap and easy
installation to all. The other liquid control circuits, which we have seen those
are very critical than this circuit.
INTRODUCTION
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A Water Level Indicator may be defined as a system by which we can get the information
of any water reservoir. Water level indicator system is quite useful to reduce the wastage
of water from any reservoir, while filling such reservoir.
Water is most essential thing on earth. Safe drinking water is essential to human and other
life forms even though it pro- vides no calories or organic nutrients.
The total amount of water available on Earth has been estimated at 1.4 billion cubic
kilometers, enough to cover the planet with a layer of about 3 km. About 95% of the
Earth's water is in the oceans, which is unfit for human consumption.

About 4% is locked in the polar ice caps, and the rest 1% constitute all fresh water found in
rivers, streams and lakes which is suitable for our consumption. A study estimated that a
person in India consumes an average of 135 liters per day.
This consumption would rise by 40% by the year 2025. This signifies the need to preserve
our fresh water resources than half of the world population will be faced water-based
vulnerability. The presence of water level indicator in reservoir can help control wastage
and water inadequacy in such reservoir. Water level indicator is used to show level of
water in an overhead tank, this keeps the user informed about the water level at all time
avoids the situation of water running out when it is most needed. Indicators circuits have
also alarm features. It not indicates amount of water present in overhead tank but also gives
an alarm when tank is full.
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OBJECTIVE

The following objectives are likely to be focused and achieved at the end of the project.
1) To make the most commercial and reliable water level con- troller using as less
resources as possible.
2) To study the controller model and observe its characteris- tics.
3)To compare the controller with the conventional controllers available in market
4) To propose any ideas or improvements that can lead to fu- ture development of the
controller.

FEATURES

Market Potential of this water level indicator is very high for following reason.

1.1 Simple circuit:

This water level indicator consists with a simple circuit. It is so simple to install
and its so much easy to use.

1.2 Low cost

The equipments required for this circuit are readily available in the market and of very
low value.

1.3 Low voltage consumption

The circuit does not need any AC auxiliary supply, it operates on DC voltage source (9 V
DC). Thus, it is a very low contion circuit.

1.4 Pollution control

Process Involved in the manufacturing of this item does not have any effect on
environment
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ADVANTAGES
Advantages of the proposed water level controller are,
1. Less maintenance,
2. Low cost
3. Simple construction and the
4. Simple circuit.

After assembling the system, what remains is to observe its operation and efficiency.
This can be done by breaking down the activity of the controller from the detection of
water to the working of the pump. We go over the responses obtained when water
reaches the sensors and the logic employed be- hind it. We also try to justify how a
system as simple as ours can compete with those available commercially.

TECHNICAL ASPECTS

1.5 Process of manufacture

A simple water level indicator can be made using resistors, LEDs, etc. For this it may be
designed a water sensor by using conducting wires. In this project we have designed the
sensor to measure water up to four levels. Take 4 segments of insulated conducting wires.
Tore out the ends of these wires, ap- proximately 1cm. Adjust the length of the wire
segments ac- cording to the water levels. In the following diagram it has been displayed
with 4 different colours. The wire with Black colour is connected to buzzer. The wires
with colours Yellow, Red, &Green are adjusted to check Level1, Level2, Level3 and
Level4 respectively.
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Water level indicator works through the following circuit di- agram. Here this circuit is
connected to 9 volt dc voltage source. The positive end of the dc source is conneted to the
over head water tank and the negative end of the dc source is connected the diode leds
and the buzzer accordingly.
A sensor could be referred to as transducer. Although, there are different kinds of liquid
level transducers which are used in variety of control applications with different function
such as: float-type liquid level transducers, hydrostatic pressure liquid level transducers,
capacitance probes, and so on. But with respect to this project, the pressure transducer will
be the point of focus. The pressure transducer is used to measure the height (or head) level
in the tank

For a sensor to function effectively there is a need for signal conditioner and a display
system. This signal conditional obtains signal from the sensor and manipulates it into a
condition which are suitable either for display, or control system usefulness. Hence, a
display system shows the output readings from the signal conditional

The other end of the leds are connected to the 220 ohm resis- tors and the resistor ends are
connected to the separately to the over head water tank. The buzzer’s other end is
connected to the over head water tank here the resistor is not connected. One switch is
connected between the positive voltage source of the circuit and the battery.

The electronic water level alarm circuit is connected to the alarm and it is placed at the
above electronic water level circuit which is having the capability of alerting the person of
a home. When the water level is at high or low or at exceeding the higher limit. The
following circuit diagram shows the water level alarm circuit.

The water level alarm circuit is similar to the electronic water level circuit, but in the water
level alarm circuit there is an alarm connected to the circuit
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The electronic water level alarm gives the information about the level of the water level of
the water tank if the water tank is full or the water tank is empty. Hence, any person can
identify the level of water. By using the liquid level sensor we can measure the level of
water in the water tank.

Fig. Water Level Indicator Circuit

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COMPONENTS

Sl. Name of Components Range

No.

1. One Printed Circuit Board Small size

3 Led Lights (Green, Yellow.Red)
2. 1-2 volt
Dc voltage source (BATTERY)
3. 9 volt

4. One switch 1-10 volt

5. Power Connector (Here Using USB) 3 – 5 volt

6. 3 resistors 220 ohm

7. Wires As requird

8. One Buzzer 5 – 15 volt

The Water Level Indicator includes a simple mechanism which helps to detect and indicate
the water level in an overhead tank or any other water container it s got a simple set of
electronic components that are easily available in the market.
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1.6 Working Principle

When the water stared filling to the over head water tank then the green led glows, next
when the level reaches upto the mid level of the over head water tank then yellow led glows
after that the red led glows that the tank is going to be full or full at last the buzzer sounds
when tank is going to be over flow. The probes are placed at the distance of 1/4th, 1/2th,
and 3/4th and at full level and they are located with equal spacing one above the other, one
with the bottom positive probe. The positive voltage is placed at the bottom of the overhead
water tank and full level probes are in the overhead tank and the other end is connected to
the base terminal of the Q4 transistor with the help of the R16 resistor.

When the water level in the tank is increased to maximum thus the current flows through
the base terminal and the collector voltage becomes low and it is interfaced with the
microcontroller port 2.4. The programming of the Microcontroller is ended and data can be
transferred for the Microcontroller and LED. Automatically the motor switches off if the
level of water indicates the D1.

APPLICATIONS

Water level Indicator can be used in Hotels, Factories, Homes, Apartments, Commercial
complexes, Drainage, etc. It can be fixed for single phase motor, three phase motors, fuel
level indicator in veichles.liquid level indicator in the huge contain- er companies on the
tank walls.
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PROJECT WORK
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CONCLUSION

The water level Inndicator employs a simple mechanism to detect and indicate the water
level in an over head tank or any other water container. The sensing is done by using a
set of four probes which are placed at four different levels.
We can conclude that this system is very beneficial in rural as well as urban areas. It
helps in the efficient utilization of available water sources.
If used on a large scale, it can provide a major contribution in the conservation of water
for us and the future generations.
In these days, when the Earth's reserve of consumable water is decreasing every moment,
every drop has its value.
Water level controller is a simple yet effective way to prevent wastage of water. Its
simplicity in design and low cost compo- nents make it an ideal piece of technology for
the common man.

FUTURE SCOPE

In future, we want upgrade this circuit with some sensor which can automatically stop
the power supply of the driving pump or motor. As a result the future circuit is not very
cheaper the present one, but we try our best to make it simple,easy to operate, remote
sensing virtual display and with fault sensing indicators in the operation of the project
kit.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT

It is a pleasant task to express our gratitude to all those who have accompanied and help
us in this work. First and foremost, we take this opportunity to express deep sense of
gratitude to our Guide Ms. G.V.N. BHAGYASREE Department of Electronics and
Communication Engineering, Baba Institute of Technology and Sciences, Visakhapatnam
for her valuable suggestions and encouragement throughout the project which helped us a
lot to improve this project work. We are also in- debted to HOD-ECE, Mr. Siva Prasad,
MTech, Ph.D. of Baba Institute of Technology and Sciences for his kind help and co-
operation during this work.
Our sincere thanks to all our family members for their moral support and encouragement,
without which, the work would not have been possible.
Last but not least, we extend our thanks and appreciation to our friends, colleagues, batch-
mates and everyone who have helped us directly or indirectly to get this work done.