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Topic 7 Cascade Refrigeration Systems

Cascade refrigeration systems combine two vapor-compression refrigeration loops, with the condenser of the low-temperature system transferring heat to the evaporator of the high-temperature system. This allows refrigeration down to about -100°C. There are two main types: closed cascade systems use different refrigerants for each loop, while direct-contact systems use the same refrigerant. Sample problems demonstrate calculating cascade condenser pressure, mass flow rates, and total compressor work for a given cascade refrigeration system configuration and operating conditions.

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1K views

Topic 7 Cascade Refrigeration Systems

Cascade refrigeration systems combine two vapor-compression refrigeration loops, with the condenser of the low-temperature system transferring heat to the evaporator of the high-temperature system. This allows refrigeration down to about -100°C. There are two main types: closed cascade systems use different refrigerants for each loop, while direct-contact systems use the same refrigerant. Sample problems demonstrate calculating cascade condenser pressure, mass flow rates, and total compressor work for a given cascade refrigeration system configuration and operating conditions.

Uploaded by

Janelle D. Puti-an
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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ME 322a Refrigeration Systems Topic 7 Cascade Refrigeration Systems

Cascade Refrigeration Systems


▪ Cascade refrigeration system combines two vapor-compression units, with the condenser
of the low-temperature system discharging its heat to the evaporator of the high-
temperature system.
▪ It can normally furnish refrigeration down to about – 100 oC.
▪ Cryogenics – is the science of low temperature.

Types of Cascade System

▪ Closed Cascade system is the system in which the fluids in the high-pressure and low-
pressure systems may be different.
▪ Direct-Contact Heat Exchanger is the system in which the same fluid is used for the
system.

Closed Cascade Condenser

Cycle Analysis

Prepared by: Leonel L. Pabilona, D.Eng 1


ME 322a Refrigeration Systems Topic 7 Cascade Refrigeration Systems

Direct Contact Heat Exchanger System

Cycle Analysis

Prepared by: Leonel L. Pabilona, D.Eng 2


ME 322a Refrigeration Systems Topic 7 Cascade Refrigeration Systems

Sample problem no.1

A refrigeration system for low temperature application has two-stage system that employs
ammonia refrigerant and serves a 30-ton evaporator at – 30 oC. The system uses a direct-contact
cascade condenser, and the condenser temperature is 40 oC. Determine a) the cascade condenser
pressure, in kPaa, for minimum compressor work; b) the mass flow rate in the low and high-
pressure loops, in kg/s; and c) the total compressor work.

Solution:

Prepared by: Leonel L. Pabilona, D.Eng 3


ME 322a Refrigeration Systems Topic 7 Cascade Refrigeration Systems

Sample problem no.2


The events of a cascade, split-stage, low temperature refrigerating cycle is as
follows: a refrigerant 12 vapour compression system operates between -10C and
33C with saturated liquid on the high side of the expansion valve and saturated
vapour entering the compressor whose volumetric efficiency is 88 percent. An
ammonia compression system operates between -35C and 0C with saturated liquid
entering the compressor whose volumetric efficiency is 85 percent. The refrigerant
12 evaporator serve as the condenser for the ammonia. For the ideal cycle and 10
kW of refrigeration, find a) the displacement rate of each compressor and b) the
total actual power required for compression efficiencies of 85 percent.
Solution:

@ -10 C = 183.98

@ -10 C = 0.07665

@ -10 C = 0.7019

@ 33 C = 67.566

h@ 806.58 kPa and


206.04

Prepared by: Leonel L. Pabilona, D.Eng 4


ME 322a Refrigeration Systems Topic 7 Cascade Refrigeration Systems

@ -35 C = 1396.5

@ -35 C = 1.21613

@ -35C = 5.8650

@ 0 C = 180.36

h @ 429.6 kPa and


1604.22

Solving mass flow rate in the Ammonia cycle:

( )
(
= 0.00822

Energy Balance in the heat exchanger:

First law;
( )= ( )

(1604.22-180.36)=

a)

= 11.76

Prepared by: Leonel L. Pabilona, D.Eng 5


ME 322a Refrigeration Systems Topic 7 Cascade Refrigeration Systems

= 8.75
b) Total actual power = +
=4.617kW

Prepared by: Leonel L. Pabilona, D.Eng 6

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