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Analysis and Design of Heat Exchangers - Part II BB

The document discusses heat exchanger analysis using the effectiveness-NTU method. It defines effectiveness as the actual heat transfer rate divided by the maximum possible rate. Effectiveness depends on the heat exchanger's geometry and flow arrangement. It presents the development of effectiveness equations for a double-pipe parallel flow heat exchanger. Effectiveness involves the dimensionless group NTU (number of transfer units), which is a measure of the heat exchanger size. Effectiveness depends on both NTU and the capacity ratio. Counter-flow heat exchangers have the highest effectiveness while parallel-flow has the lowest. Effectiveness is maximized when the capacity ratio is 0 or 1.

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20 views15 pages

Analysis and Design of Heat Exchangers - Part II BB

The document discusses heat exchanger analysis using the effectiveness-NTU method. It defines effectiveness as the actual heat transfer rate divided by the maximum possible rate. Effectiveness depends on the heat exchanger's geometry and flow arrangement. It presents the development of effectiveness equations for a double-pipe parallel flow heat exchanger. Effectiveness involves the dimensionless group NTU (number of transfer units), which is a measure of the heat exchanger size. Effectiveness depends on both NTU and the capacity ratio. Counter-flow heat exchangers have the highest effectiveness while parallel-flow has the lowest. Effectiveness is maximized when the capacity ratio is 0 or 1.

Uploaded by

gks5kc8bhd
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Analysis and design of

Heat Exchangers

Part II
1
THE EFFECTIVENESS–NTU METHOD
A second kind of problem encountered in heat exchanger analysis is the determination of
the heat transfer rate and the outlet temperatures of the hot and cold fluids for prescribed
fluid mass flow rates and inlet temperatures when the type and size of the heat exchanger
are specified.

Heat transfer effectiveness

the maximum possible heat transfer rate


Cmin is the smaller of Ch and Cc
2
Actual heat transfer rate

3
The effectiveness of a heat
exchanger depends on the
geometry of the heat
exchanger as well as the
flow arrangement.
Therefore, different types
of heat exchangers have
different effectiveness
relations.
We illustrate the
development of the
effectiveness  relation for
the double-pipe parallel-
flow heat exchanger.

4
Effectiveness relations of the heat exchangers typically involve the
dimensionless group UAs /Cmin.
This quantity is called the number of transfer units NTU.

For specified values of U and Cmin, the value of


NTU is a measure of the surface area As. Thus,
the larger the NTU, the larger the heat exchanger.

capacity
ratio

The effectiveness of a heat exchanger is a function of the number of


transfer units NTU and the capacity ratio c.

5
6
Effectiveness
for heat
exchangers.

7
8
When all the inlet and outlet temperatures are specified, the size of the heat exchanger
can easily be determined using the LMTD method. Alternatively, it can be determined
from the effectiveness–NTU method by first evaluating the effectiveness from its
definition and then the NTU from the appropriate NTU relation. 9
(e.g., boiler, condenser)
10
Observations from the effectiveness relations and charts
• The value of the effectiveness ranges from 0 to 1. It increases rapidly
with NTU for small values (up to about NTU = 1.5) but rather slowly
for larger values. Therefore, the use of a heat exchanger with a large
NTU (usually larger than 3) and thus a large size cannot be justified
economically, since a large increase in NTU in this case corresponds to
a small increase in effectiveness.
• For a given NTU and capacity ratio c = Cmin /Cmax, the counter-flow
heat exchanger has the highest effectiveness, followed closely by the
cross-flow heat exchangers with both fluids unmixed. The lowest
effectiveness values are encountered in parallel-flow heat exchangers.
• The effectiveness of a heat exchanger is independent of the capacity
ratio c for NTU values of less than about 0.3.
• The value of the capacity ratio c ranges between 0 and 1. For a given
NTU, the effectiveness becomes a maximum for c = 0 (e.g., boiler,
condenser) and a minimum for c = 1 (when the heat capacity rates of
the two fluids are equal).

11
12
13
Problems
5 6

14
7

15

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