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Introduction

Substations are points where transmission lines and distribution feeders connect via circuit breakers, busbars, and transformers to control power flows and enable switching for maintenance. The design objective of a substation is to provide reliability, flexibility, and continuous service by transforming voltage, switching, protecting, and compensating power according to requirements. Substations can be classified as transformer substations to change voltage levels, switching substations to perform switching without changing voltage, power factor correction substations to improve power factor, and others.

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26 views

Introduction

Substations are points where transmission lines and distribution feeders connect via circuit breakers, busbars, and transformers to control power flows and enable switching for maintenance. The design objective of a substation is to provide reliability, flexibility, and continuous service by transforming voltage, switching, protecting, and compensating power according to requirements. Substations can be classified as transformer substations to change voltage levels, switching substations to perform switching without changing voltage, power factor correction substations to improve power factor, and others.

Uploaded by

utharun3
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to substation

Substations are the points in the power network where transmission lines and distribution
feeders are connected together through circuit breakers or switches via busbars and
transformers. This allows for the control of power flows in the network and general switching
operations for maintenance purposes.

The design objective of a substation


The design objective of a substation is to provide maximum reliability, flexibility, and continuity
of service. Substations provide transformation, switching, tie points, sectionalizing, protection
and compensation
According to the service requirement.
A sub-station may be called upon to change voltage level or improve power factor or convert
a.c. power into d.c. power etc. According to the service requirement, sub-stations may be
classified into:
(i) Transformer sub-stations:
Those sub-stations which change the voltage level of electric supply are called transformer sub-
stations. These sub-stations receive power at some voltage and deliver it at some other voltage.
Obviously, the transformer will be the main component in such substations. Most of the sub-
stations in the power system are of this type.
(ii)Switching sub-stations :
These sub-stations do not change the voltage level i.e. incoming and outgoing lines have the
same voltage. However, they simply perform the switching operations of power lines.
(iii) Power factor correction sub-stations:
Those sub-stations which improve the power factor of the system are called power factor
correction sub-stations. Such sub-stations are generally located at the receiving end of
transmission lines. These sub-stations generally use synchronous condensers as the power
factor improvement equipment.
(iv)Frequency changer sub-stations:
Those sub-stations which change the supply frequency are known as frequency changer sub-
stations. Such a frequency change may be required for industrial utilization.
(v)Converting sub-stations:
Those sub-stations which change a.c. power into d.c. power is called converting sub-stations.
These sub-stations receive a.c. power and convert it into d.c. power with suitable apparatus
(e.g. ignitron) to supply for such purposes as traction, electroplating, electric welding, etc.
(vi)Industrial sub-stations:
Those sub-stations which supply power to individual industrial concerns are known as industrial
sub-stations.
Introduction to the 33/11 kV substation:

This a step down distribution substation.Here 33 kV is stepped down to 11 kV which is supplied


by 132 kV ,Cheerala Dodi station and from here the power is distributed to various feeders of
town, industry, agriculture.
This substation is used to decrease the level of the voltage to 11 kV and is distributed to various
houses and for agriculture purpose.

Line diagram of the substation:

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