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AQA Physics Combined Science Unit 5: Forces Higher

a d g
Explain the difference between a vector and a scalar quantity. State the equation that can be used to determine the weight of
 an object.
 

Place a tick in the correct column to show whether the following Calculate the weight of an object on the moon if its mass is 3kg.
are vector or scalar quantities. The gravitational field strength on the moon is 1.6N/kg.

Quantity Vector Scalar

Force  Students placed masses, one at a time, on a spring and measured
 its extension. They collected the following results.
Speed

Distance Explain the effect on an object’s weight if its mass was doubled. Force (N) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Velocity Length of
3 5 7 9 11 17
Spring (cm)
Displacement
e
Calculate the resultant forces acting on the van below. Extension (cm) 0 2 4 6 8 14

b
Forces can be contact or non-contact. Provide two examples for Plot a force/extension graph for the data shown above. Remember
each one. to include a line of best fit.

Contact:


Non-contact:


c Horizontal force: 
Explain the difference between mass and weight.
Vertical force: 
Mass: 

Weight:  On a force diagram, what two things do the arrows show?


Unit of mass:

Unit of weight: f
Complete the sentences below.

Name the apparatus used to determine an objects weight. Mark the limit of proportionality on your graph.
Elastic deformation occurs when a force has been applied to a
 spring and it to its original shape. State the equation that links force, spring constant and extension.
occurs when the spring does not return to its

original shape.
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AQA Physics Combined Science Unit 5: Forces Higher
a c f j
Define work done. The graph below Let the mass of a car be 1500kg. One car is Explain the term conservation of momentum.
 is a distance/ travelling at a speed of 20m/s and a second car is 
time graph of a travelling at 15m/s. Calculate the forces exerted if 
 person travelling they were to hit an object.
State the equation and the units used to calculate
from home to 
State the equation that links work done, force and momentum.
the supermarket
distance.  
and home
 
again. A car has a mass of 1500kg and a momentum of
Write the units for… 7500kgm/s. Calculate its velocity.
g
Describe an experiment to determine whether your 
work done:
Where on the graph is the person stationary? reaction time is faster with your right or left hand. 
force:
 
distance:
 k
Between points A and E, where is the speed the State the equation that links force, mass and

A lorry travels 200m when the brakes are applied with fastest? Explain you answer. acceleration.
a force of 600N. Calculate the work done to stop the
 

lorry. 
 Rearrange the equation you have given above to

 calculate acceleration.
A car increases its velocity from 5m/s to 12m/s in 
 a time of 10 seconds. Calculate its acceleration. 

 Remember to include all units.  Calculate the force acting on an object with a mass
  of 15kg and acceleration of 4m/s2.
Calculate the force if 3000J of energy is required to   
move a box of books a distance of 150cm.   
   
 
d Calculate the mass of an object, if it has a force of
 Explain the term deceleration. 
 2000N and its acceleration is 50m/s2.
b  
Draw lines to match the methods of transportation h
Describe the effect of friction on a moving object. 
with their average speeds. A coach travels at an average speed of 30mph for 20  
car 1.5m/s minutes. How far has it travelled in that time?
State two ways in which friction on a moving object
 l
walking 55m/s can be overcome. When an object moves in a circular motion, explain
 what happens to its direction and velocity if its speed
train 3m/s e
Stopping distance is calculated by adding thinking  remains constant.
running 25m/s distance and braking distance. 
Thinking distance is affected by: i 
s ; What is terminal velocity?
State three factors that could affect a person’s 
r t . 
walking speed.
1.  Terminal velocity depends on two things:
Braking distance is affected by:
2.  t ;

3.  r conditions. 
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AQA Physics Combined Science Unit 5: Forces Higher Answers
a d g
Explain the difference between a vector and a scalar quantity. State the equation that can be used to determine the weight of
A vector quantity has a magnitude and a direction whereas a an object.
scalar quantity only has a magnitude. weight = mass × gravitational field strength

Place a tick in the correct column to show whether the following Calculate the weight of an object on the moon if its mass is 3kg.
are vector or scalar quantities. The gravitational field strength on the moon is 1.6N/kg.
weight = 3 × 1.6
Quantity Vector Scalar
= 4.8N
Force Students placed masses, one at a time, on a spring and measured
its extension. They collected the following results.
Speed
Explain the effect on an object’s weight if its mass was doubled.
Distance The weight would also be doubled. Force (N) 0 1 2 3 4 5

Velocity Length of
3 5 7 9 11 17
Spring (cm)
Displacement
e
Calculate the resultant forces acting on the van below. Extension (cm) 0 2 4 6 8 14

b
Forces can be contact or non-contact. Provide two examples for Plot a force/extension graph for the data shown above. Remember
each one. to include a line of best fit.

Contact: 14
friction, air resistance, tension, normal 13
12

Non-contact: 11
10
magnetic, gravitational, electrostatic
9
8

c Horizontal force: 800 – 600 = 200N 7

Explain the difference between mass and weight. 6
Vertical force: 1000 – 1000 = 0N
Mass: the amount of stuff in an object. 5
4
Weight: the force acting on an object due to gravity. On a force diagram, what two things do the arrows show? 3
Direction of force and relative size. 2
Unit of mass: kg 1

Unit of weight: N f 1 2 3 4 5
Complete the sentences below.

Name the apparatus used to determine an objects weight. Mark the limit of proportionality on your graph.
Elastic deformation occurs when a force has been applied to a
newton meter
spring and it returns to its original shape. Inelastic deformation State the equation that links force, spring constant and extension.
occurs when the spring does not return to its original shape.
force = spring constant × extension
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AQA Physics Combined Science Unit 5: Forces Higher Answers
a c f j
Define work done. The graph below Let the mass of a car be 1500kg. One car is Explain the term conservation of momentum.
This occurs when a force moves an object for a is a distance/ travelling at a speed of 20m/s and a second car is The momentum before an event is equal to the
distance. time graph of a travelling at 15m/s. Calculate the forces exerted if momentum after the event.
person travelling they were to hit an object.
State the equation that links work done, force and from home to State the equation and the units used to calculate
force = mass × acceleration
distance. the supermarket momentum.
20 × 1500 15 × 1500
work done = force × distance and home momentum (kgm/s) = mass (kg) × velocity (m/s)
30 000N 22 500N
again.
Write the units for… A car has a mass of 1500kg and a momentum of
work done: joules g 7500kgm/s. Calculate its velocity.
Describe an experiment to determine whether your
force: newtons Rearrange formula:
reaction time is faster with your right or left hand.
Where on the graph is the person stationary? 7500 ÷ 1500 = 5m/s
distance: metres Work with a partner.
B-C and D-E
Person A places their forearm on the table so that k
A lorry travels 200m when the brakes are applied with their right hand is hanging over the edge of the State the equation that links force, mass and
Between points A and E, where is the speed the
a force of 600N. Calculate the work done to stop the table. acceleration.
fastest? Explain you answer.
lorry. Person B places a ruler vertically between Person force = mass × acceleration
C-D because it is the steepest part of the graph.
work done = force × distance A’s thumb and first finger, with the 0cm end of the Rearrange the equation you have given above to
= 600 × 200 A car increases its velocity from 5m/s to 12m/s in ruler pointing downwards. The thumb and first calculate acceleration.
= 120 000J a time of 10 seconds. Calculate its acceleration. finger should be as far apart as possible. acceleration = force ÷ mass
Remember to include all units. Person B should place the 0cm mark level with the
Calculate the force if 3000J of energy is required to acceleration = change in velocity ÷ time top of Person A’s thumb and drop the ruler without Calculate the force acting on an object with a mass
move a box of books a distance of 150cm. = (12 – 5) ÷ 10 telling them. of 15kg and acceleration of 4m/s2.
Convert cm to m: 150cm = 1.5m = 7 ÷ 10 Person A catches the ruler as quickly as possible. F = ma
Rearrange formula: 0.7m/s Reading from the top of the thumb, record how 15 × 4
force = work done ÷ distance many cms it took to catch. 60N
= 3000 ÷ 1.5 Repeat 9 more times with the right hand.
= 2000N d Repeat experiment with the left hand. Calculate the mass of an object, if it has a force of
Explain the term deceleration.
2000N and its acceleration is 50m/s2.
Negative acceleration, when something is slowing
mass = force ÷ acceleration
b down. h
Draw lines to match the methods of transportation Describe the effect of friction on a moving object. = 2000 ÷ 50
with their average speeds. A coach travels at an average speed of 30mph for 20 It slows it down. = 40kg
minutes. How far has it travelled in that time?
car 1.5m/s State two ways in which friction on a moving object
10 miles
can be overcome. l
walking 55m/s When an object moves in a circular motion, explain
Using a lubricant. what happens to its direction and velocity if its speed
train 3m/s e Make the object more streamlined.
Stopping distance is calculated by adding thinking remains constant.
distance and braking distance. Smoother surfaces. Its direction and velocity will be continually
running 25m/s
Thinking distance is affected by: changing.
speed; i
State three factors that could affect a person’s What is terminal velocity?
walking speed. reaction time. When an object is falling at a steady speed.
1. age
Braking distance is affected by: Terminal velocity depends on two things:
2. fitness shape
tyres;
3. terrain road conditions. area