{—— Period 1. Complete the following table. Element | Symbol | Number of | Number of | Number of | Atomic Mass Protons electrons | neutrons Number Number Mn 25 25 28 25 33 Sodium Na W il 12 W a3 Srewine br 35 3s 45 as 20 arian XN 3a 34 ot 39 89 lesen As 33 3 4a 33 75 [Actin wen. Ac Oo v4 188 4 227 2. Fill in the following Table Element Symbol Atomic Mass Number of Number | __ Number neutrons nitrogen-15 ep 7 \S 8 frem- o> ToNe \o 22 12 Beryllium-9 abe 4 4 s 3. Use the following information to determine the atomic mass of chlorine. Two isotopes are known: ehlorine-35 (mass = 34,97 amu) and chlorine-37 (mass ~ 36,97 amu). The relative abundance's are 75.4% and 24. 6%, respectively. (3545.4) FOTO) TEE aE aml 100 4, Use the following information to determine the atomic mass of carbon. Two isotopes are known: carbon-12 (mass = 12,000 amu) and carbon-13 (mass = 13.003 amu). Their relative abundance’ are 98.9% and 1.10% respectively. (yar U.A2) © CVD * 1.10%) 2 1a. Ob Arm woo 5. Given the relative abundance of the following naturally occurring isotopes of oxygen, calculate the average atomic ‘mass of oxygen. Assume that the atomig mass of each is the same as the mass number. oxygen- 16: 99.76% oxyyen- 17 003% oxyeeni8:0204% (ly* A4n) — (17 0.081) + (IP +O 20U%) b ———— =! leo aw, 6, Distinguish between protons, electrons, and neutrons in terms of their relative masses and charges Pinto (y= Lamu newton (2) = anus ect () =O am 7. Discuss the structure of an atom including the location of the proton, electron, and neutron with respect to the nucleus. Pb time + noatins io a Electra are Surrounding tat Mreleuy.8, Summarize Dalton's atomic Theory 1. atomic number 2. perdi tbe atoms that have the same numberof protons but different numbers of neutrons 3. mass number weighted average mass of the atoms in «naturally occurring sample of an element ‘equals the number of neutrons plus the mumber of protons in an atom 4. group 1ui2 the mass ofa catbon-L2 atom 5. isotopes the number of protons inthe nucleus of an atom of an element 6 svalé mam wal (rn) anartangement of elements according to similarities in their properties 4 vertical column of elements in the periodic table 7. atomic mass horizontal row of the periodie table stream of electrons produced at the negative electrode ofa tube containing a gas at low 8. period _— 9, electors the etal cove ofan atom, which is compote of proton and neutrons negalvely carpet subaoie partes L_ 10. catoderay rs puts wih a hago M1, protons positively charged stbitomie partes c Ietastuent hed o generate images fii! noma 12. neutrons Greek philosopher who was among the first to suggest the existence of atoms T 13. mcleus the smallest particle of an clement tht retain is dentiy in a chemical eation English chemist and schoolteacher who formulated a theory to describe the structure P14. stom and chemical reactivity of matter in terms of atoms NV 15, scanning tunneling ‘cletron microscope Q 16. John Dalton © 17. Democritus ARRAN MERE RKElectrons in Atoms. section 5.1 Light and Quantized Energy In your textbook, read about the wave nature of light. ‘Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. -araphitede energy feqquency— here Might were -weveterngth— see Electromagnetic radiation is a kind of (4)._€neqg —_ that behaves like a(n) (Wong as it travels through space. @ Lit ____i ‘one type of clectromagnetic radiation, Other examples include X rays, radio waves, and microwaves ‘All waves can be characterized by their wavelength, amplitude, frequency, and (Speed __ te shone distance between equivalent points on a continuous wave is cated a) (5)_wnwe] ergo _ The height ofa wave fom th origin to acest or rom th origin to trough is the 6) —aemplvle em frequency isthe number of ‘waves that pass a given point in one second, The SI unit for frequency is the (6)_hertr __, whic is equivalent one wave per second. ‘Use the figure to answer the following questions. -——_c 4 9, Which letter(s) represent one wavelength? ALC 410. Which letter(s) represent the amplitude? 44, If twice the length of A passes a stationary point every second, what isthe frequency of the wave? VS Aw Ar Quen exes 4 ogee QRH yane cest5 4 Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 5 Study Guide conic 8 sn Te Mee Compe Be0 Cori © Ghanaian Te Mie 8 Compas i Name Date Chass Section 5.1 continued In your textbook, read about the particle nature of light. Circle the leter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 12, A(@) C._ isthe minimum amount of energy that canbe lost or gained by an stom, ‘a. valence electron. —_. electron ©rwantom i. Planck’s constant 143. According to Planck's theory, for a given frequency, v, matter can emit or absorb energy only in a. units of hertz, ¢. entire wavelengths. le-mumber multiples of hv. 4, mukiples of Lh, div, and so on. 14, The is the phenomenon in which electrons are emitted from a metal’s surface ‘when light of a certain frequency shines on it. a. quantum b. Planck concept —_._photom effect @provosecic effect 15, Which equation would you use to calculate the energy of a photon? hv X Planck's constant © Exon = 5h c=hv In your textbook, read about atomic emission spectra. For each statement below, write true or false. False 16, ite the visible spectrum, an atomic emission spectrum isa continuous range of colors. “True _ 17, Bach element has a unique atomic emission spectrum, “Vive ___ 18. A fame test can be used to identify the presence of certain elements in ‘compound. —Wrre “to, tm face tat only certain colors appear in an element's atomic emission spectrum indicates that only certain frequencies of light are emitted. Fee 20. Atomic emission spectra can be explained by the wave model of light. _ False. ‘The neon atoms in aneon sign emit their characteristic color of light as they absorb energy. Cbsolo srodl SY celese) —“Tve___ 22. When an stom omits light, photons having certain specific energies aro being emitted. = Bhd LE Sah seed enedges, study Guide Chemistry: Matter and Change + Chapter 51. Who did this experiment? JT. Anomson 2. Draw in what happened? Sevebarpropertier AMINE Tne Tor Me Preces How dhe dseibe de com? D¥oud Pi chare /eonne > Oxo Vee OD crorgt’S Cathode \nsidh Kem. Voltage Source 5. Who did this experiment? Rr herd = 6. Describe the alpha particles ond = 2 protms, Breutvons — [ Lava portde, “einthesasingremmdianinaverterrpetetiaapeat | co 8. Inthe second diagram draw in what happened 9, What dd this tell him about heaton? More isa wiclers, The MUCLAS 1 more Arner tran tre rest he at 10, Who did this experiment? 11. The x tays give the oil drop a positive charge. Laba charges on the plates. 12, What two things could he calculate from this experiment? -Nome Date Chass CoGuanas STUDY GUIDE Section 5.2 Quantum Theory and the Atom In your textbook, read about the Bohr model of the atom. Use each of the terms below to complete the statements, atomic emission spectrum electron « frequencies ground state higher energy levels lower 1. The lowest allowable energy state of an atom is called ite —gpenl ste 2 Bol’ model ofthe atom peices te eapuenci¢§ of the tins in hydrogen’s atomic emission spectram, ‘3. According to Bohr’s atomic model, the smaller an electron’s orbit, the the atom's energy level: 4, According to Bohz’s atomic model, the larger an electron’s orbit, the ——_hiher the atom's energy level 5. Bohr proposed that when energy is added to a hydrogen atom, its ‘moves to a higherenecey obit. 4 6. According to Bobr's atomic model, the hydrogen atom emits a photon corresponding to Ge ditereace between he —_Sneapy Lewd _ asin with to two 4 oxbits it transitions between. } 7. Boke'sstomic model filed to explain the Mem. Emission Specliun _ of elements i other than hydrogen. 3 In your textbook, read about the quantum mechanical model of the atom. i Aner ving uti, i 8, If you looked closely, could you sce the wavelength of a fast-moving car? Explain your answer. No. A Beth ar (291010) moving st GO ugh (2 39H) wold hove _o zh , COrb-o "= ION | Toe small have the larger wavelength, a Sets? nl 9 proton or @ fast-moving golf ball? Explain your answer. = G.CYOHOMSS 2 TAOS, CAF BIL Ye CACO” Pn\ Sat0 a Han «got ball, Tee pede bs spo ore Sees6 rp © ice, dria of he Mn Compe a Reais STUDY GUIDE Section5.2 continued In your textbook, read about the Heisenberg uncertainty principle: For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B. Column A Column B C40. the modem model ofthe ator that teas electrons a. Heisenberg uncertainty 5 waves principle AL 44, states that itis impossible to know both the velocity b.. Schridinger wave equation and the position of a particle at the same time _ € quantum mechanical model —D — 12. A tree-dimensional region around the mucleus of the atom 8 representing the probability of finding an electron te stomie obit 2 13. Originally applied to the hydrogen atom, it led to the ‘quantum mechanical model of the atom Auswer the following question: 14, How do the Bobr model and the quantum mechanical model of the atom differ in how they describe electrons? Eb lan net a hn_cny lanl celle oobi SL walCh be goby F fcku an. ekehon aa Qutb Hell pel che ppl my ection spect. n In your textbook, read about hydrogen's atomic orbitals. In the space at the left, write the term in parentheses that correctly completes the statement. do a 15. Atomic orbitals (do(Go nd¥have an exactly defined size, ws 16. Hach orbital may contain at most((w9) font) electrons. : Spell, sep’ 17 arin (GHA BS dota aed 18, A principal energy has (wu?) nergy sublevels, clechrons 19, The maximum number of(Clectrony, orbitals) related to each ‘principal energy level equaly-2 20. Thece aie five) equal energy p omits. As aud De 24. riydrogen’s principal energy lovel 2 consists of (2s and 33a) orbitals. ——Diel__ 22, Hydrogen’s principal energy level 3 consists of ingree) orbitals. study Guide Chemisty: Matter and Change * Chapter 17Section 53 Electron Configuration In your textbook, read about ground-state electron configurations, ‘Use each of the terms below just once to complete the Passage. Aufbau principle electron configuration Ground-state electron configuration lowest Paull exclusion principle spins ‘The arrangement of electrons in an atom is called the etom’s . sPeslloa._. Bectrons in an atom tend to assume the azrangement that gives the atom the (2) my Possible energy, This arrangement Ofetesons iste moet (2)__Shalole___ rangement andi cated ne tom's geil slde elehon coffyvalton ‘Three rules define how electrons can be arranged in an atoms orbitals, The BP aw Pidve States tht each electron occupies the lowest energy orbital available. The (6) Uple_ states that a maximum of two clectrons may occupy a single atomic orbit, but only ifthe electrons have opposite —__sies_@_Hunls ule state inn single electrons with the same spin must oceupy each ‘equal-energy orbital before additional slectrons with opposite spine occupy the same orbitals, | Complete the following table, Hund's rule stable oe Element ‘Atomic Number Orbitals ts 2s 2, 2 ap, Electron Configuration 9. Helium 3 12 10. Natrogen 7 ny) fe Te} fT Pp) [eas Op 11. Neon lo Uy RU ru) ERT I? oF 9¢' 18 Chemistry: Matter and change + Chapter 5 Cm © ne ene Me Compu Study GuideoS (opie acer isin oT Mia Cp i “stur Waals Section 5.3 continued Answer the following questions. |2. What is germanium’s atomic number? How many electrons does germanium have? bra 32 De 13. What is noble- ie and why is jt used to write electron is_a_me AF eepreseteg electron Ragu wahons ode egos ik conflele oder shal! ah sens easier. 14. Write the ground-state electron configuration of a germanium atom, using noble-ges ream 239 \0y > ee : [Nel 42 at Ye WARE USWPUG In your textbook, read about valence electrons. Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 145, The electrons in an atom’s outermost orbitals are ci a, electron dots. bb, quantum electrons. ce electrons. 416, In an electron-dot structure, the element's symbol represents the nucleus ofthe noble gas closest tothe stom in the periodic table. B. atoms nucleus and inne-level electron’. ©eutom’s valeace electrons. i. electrons of the noble gas closest fo the stom in the period table. noble-gas electrons. 17. How many valence electrons does a chlorine atom have if its electron configuration is (Ne]3s3p°7 3 b. 21 a5 18. Given boron’s electron configuration of [He]2s?2p", which of the following represents its electron-dot structure? nae 19. Given beryllium’s electron configuration of 1322s?, which of the following represents its electron-dot structure? @s bbe ett ak 20, Which electrons are represented by the dots in an electrondot structure? lence electrons only 6 electrons B, inner-level electrons a. both » andc Study Guide Chemistry: Matter and Change « Chapter 5roar Electrons in Atoms (Anli t. Eag ) 11. valence electron, electron-dot structure 4 uelence e- = Electnn dat shuctwe 1« O hwo & wer Reviewing Vocabulary ‘Match the definition in Column A with the term in Column B. Column A. Column B £4, rim set of oguenis fhe eccomagntc waves pe wavelenin ‘emitted by the atoms of an element a KE photoelectric effect —A_ 2. The miniowm amount of energy that can be lost or gained , by an atom, F Photon 3. A form of energy that exhibits wavelike behavior as it quantum travels through space AE atomic orbital E44, A three-dimensional region around the nuclens of an atom atomic emission that describes an electron’s probable location Spectrum A 5, The shortest distance between equivalent pois aos ist equivalent points on a Spal quaatuen continuous wave wae VA 6, Te lowest aowable energy sate of an stom A proud sme 1. Apanite of electromagnetic radiation with no mass that anne ‘carries a quantum of energy saiton ‘ 10 8, tthe emission of electrons from a metal’ surface when, light ofa certain frequency shines on it 2} 9. A figure indicating the relative sizes and energies of stomic orbitals i Describe how each pair is related. i 10. frequency, amplitude _ . . i Amolitude 1s \nuersele, pengettonel to Teg, 7 principal energy levels, energy sublevels Elecdame Ce“) {ill lowest © lewels first, covreopmels to lowest €) Sublevel an cell. 20 Chemistry: Matter and Change + Chapter 5 Chapter Assessmentapi © Cue dn The Mer 8 Campi Name Date 7 urs PVT ame ae Using the Periodic Table 11, Identify the number of valence electrons in each of the following elements. ane 8 eo pet te ep oD oP 5 ame 2 0 2. entity the energy level ofthe valence electrons in each of he following element : apr LAr} 4c* 3d? 4p? ww Lue 2s 2p* « Ra £hod is aH 7 47.,0 ear [Nel 3" 3p ry 05,5 #1 eels 50 3. Use the periodic table to write the electron configurations (using noble gas notation) for each of the following elements. ai CHe3 2s! wr Lhe] 2s‘2p eas CAS Het 34° Up? - é 4. sr 2 wi [Xe bs*4 §" 5a!’ bp 4. Determine the group, period, and block of the elements having the following electron configurations. ait _AlVoling Earth nutals b, (NeI3s%3p!_ Grou y 13 eam! AGL witals d. [Kr]5s’4d!_ Cran g 3 es (Xe]6s2arl4sai%ept Elna ‘Math Skills Transparency Worksheets chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 41Name ned The Periodic Table and Periodic Law Sectioné.1 Development of the Modern Periodic Table In your textbook, reads about the history of the periodic table’s development. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. octaves atomic mass atomic number nine elements properties Henry Moseley eight protons periodic law Dmitri Mendeleev accepted ‘The table below was developed by John Newlands and is based on a relationship called the law of (1)_____, Accorilng to this law, the properties of the elements repeated every (2) clements. Thus, for example, clement two and element (3) __ have similar properties. The law of octaves did not work forall the known elements and was not generally (4) 1 [2 ~ 3 [ [7 # ti S Bo c N ° @ 8 0 a iz 3 4 F Na Mg | Al si P 5 ‘The first periodic table is mostly credited to (5) Inhis table, the elements were arranged according to increasing (6)____. One important result of this table was thatthe existence and properties of undiscovered , could be predicted. ‘The element in the modem periodic table are arranged according to increasing (@)__, as a result of the work of (9)__. This arrangement is based on number of (40) in the nucleus of an atom of the element. The modem form of the periodic table results in the (11)__, which states that when elements are arranged according to increasing atomic number, there is a periodic repetition of their chemical and physical (yo 42 Chemistry: Matter and Change » Chapter 6 Study Guide Cope ® en Sn The Me il CaneCopa © Gessoebnti di Cae | j STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY The Periodic Table and Periodic Law Sectioné.1 Development of the Modern Periodic Table In your textbook, reads about the history of the periodic table's development. Use each of the terms below just once to complete the passage. octaves atomic mass atomic number elements properties Henry Moseley eight protons periodic law Dmitri Mendeleev accepted ‘The table below was developed by John Newlands and is based on a relationship called the taw of (1) Octaves . According to this law, the properties of the elements repeated every (2)__Gigh! __etements. Thus, for etample, element two and clement (3)_NiM€ _have similar properties. The law of octaves did not work for all the known elements and was not generally (4) 1 2 3 4 7 H u 6 Bo c N ° @ 3 10 i 2 3 14 F Na Ma AL si P s ‘The first periodic table is mostly credited to (5)_MendeleeY tn his table, the elements were arranged according to increasing (6) __ {OSS (One important result ofthis table was that the existence and properties of undiscovered (7)__Glemencts __ could be predicted, ‘The clement in the modern periodic table are arranged according to increasing (8)_Shonsic Number, as a result of the work of (9) Moseley ___ this arrangement is based on number of (10) -pootons _ in the nucleus of an atom of the element. The modern form of the periodic table results in the (1) Pevindiic law —__, which states that when elements are arranged according to increasing atomic number, there is'a periodic repetition of their chemical and physical (12)_propertics Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter6 31Name Date Class Ras Be a a eg Section 6.1. continued In your textbook, read about the modern periodic table. Use the information in the box on the left taken from the periodic table to complete the table on the right. 7 Atomic M N ‘Atomic Number Niteagen 14.007 Chemical Name [Hel2s22p? ‘chemical Sym For each item in Column A, write the letter of the matching item in Column B. Cotumn A Column # B_ 48. A column on the periodic table a. metals © 49, A row on the periodic table b. group D__ 20. Group A elements period A__ 24. Blements that ae shiny and conduct electricity 4. representative elements E_ 22. Group B elements ¢. transition elements In the space at the left, write true if the statement is true; if the statement is false, change the italicized word or phrase to make it true. false, three ___ 23. There are nwo main classifications of elements. false mabots 24, More than thre fours ofthe elements in the pie able are ronmerls. ‘Are _____ 25, Group 1A elements (excep for hydrogen) are Known asthe alal metals false, 2A 26, Group 3A elements are the alkaline earth metals. true 27, Group 7A elements are highly reactive nonmetals known as halogens. False, noble gases. 28. Group 8A clements are very unreactive elements known as transition metals false, Nenmetols 29. Metalloids have properties of both metals and inner transition ‘metals. 32 Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 6 Study Guide for Content MasteryCape © Gace Name CHAPTER EMS eMC Le eat \'2 Section6.2 Classification of the Elements In your textbook, read about organizing the elements by electron configuration. Use the periodic table on pages 156-157 in your textbook to match each element in Column A. with the element in Column B that has the most similar chemical properties. Column A Column B —H 4, arsenic (Asy5A a boron (B) —F__. 2. bromine (B)7A YW, cesium (C3) —N_ 3. cadmium (Cd)28 chromium (Cr) — AL 4 gallium (Gay3A AL cobalt (Co) —K_ 5. germanium (Ge)4\ e. hafnium (HA) DL 6. inane (iy 9 iodine E>, magnesium (MgyLA YY, ton (Fe) Oa neon (ney ih “hy nitrogen (N) E29. nickel av jo “h platinum (PD osmium (Os)% Sy scandiuin (Se) - sodium (Na)] A Ys silicon (Si) M42. tetturium (Te)G8 AL strontium (S1) 13. tungsten (wg rm, sulfur (S) 314. yurium (1) 38 wy, Zine (Z) E45. zirconium (2246 ‘a xenon (Xe) Answer the following questions. 16. Why do sodium and potassium, which belong to the same group in the periodic table, hhave similar chemiical properties? nee. Same umber Of Valence electrons — ‘17. How is the energy level of an element's valence electrons related to its period on the periodic table? Give an example. “The _pumber of the period is tne Same as the number of Ane Wighest: Spevqy Jes foro gen ciemant Tound there Je Jsi >in Rewind 3 . Nor thes: ererqy [evel 8 is Whe valence € is. Study Guide tor Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change * chapter 33ate Chass CULT STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTER) Section 6.2 continued In your textbook, read about s., p-, d+, and f-block elements. Use the periodie table on pages 156-157 in your textbook and the periodic table below to newer the following questions. is zelea|sslos|es|e- 48. Into how many blocks isthe periodic table divide? “4 lock contain? QAEOLL + OKA ng coe 20. Why does the s-block portion of the periodic table span two groups? S_orbitos \nowds 2. 21. What groups of elements does the p-block coi acm Sail > ae gues a 22. Why are members of group 8A virtually unreactive? ond don't a i ae 25. How many dock enema bee? HO (ND. ocrws, period) transition wekals 24, What groups of elements does the d-block contain? 49. What groups of elements does the s- 25. Why does the f block portion of the periodic table span 14 groups? £ geoitat can loud \ elect 26. What the sos contguaio of the element in period 3. np 6a? CNCL3S! 3p" 34 Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 6 Study Guide for Content MasteryCopyih © Caner vin ote Meet Compe ae STUDY GUIDE FOR CONTENT MASTERY Section6.3 Periodic Trends 'n your textbook, read about atomic radius and ionic radius. Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. Atomic radii cannot be measured directly because the electron cloud surrounding the ¢_ Mucleus does not have a clearly defined a. charge. b. mass. Souter edge. 4. probability, 2. Which diagram best represents the group and period trends in atomic radii in the periodic table? 7] i b Generally increase Generally decrease Generally decrease 3. The general trend in the radius of an atom moving down a group is partially accounted for by the . decrease in the mass of the nucleus increase in the charge of the nucleus. b. fewer number of filled orbitals. @tielding of the outer electrons by inner electrons 4 Af) is an atom, or bonded group of atoms, that has a postive or negative charge By halogen @ ion isotope d. molecule 5. An atom becomes negatively charged by A @esining anelecton. b. gaining a proton, losing an electron. el. losing «neutron, 6. Which diagram best represents the relationship between the diameter of a sodium atom and the diameter of a positive sodium ion? n®Oe *OO OC) Study Guide for Content Mastery Chemistry: Matter and Change + Chapter6 35Name cs aud Ba eS a Section 6.3 continued In your textbook, read about ionization energy and electronegativity. Answer the following questions. 7. What is ionization energy’? Energy vequvect to remove tio Outermest elect, 8. Explain why an atom with a high ionization-energy value is not likely to form a positive Ab is vuru bad 4 vemave tine elec 9. What is the period trend in the first ionization energies? Why? 40, What is the group tend inthe fst ionization energies? Why’? Seem, danas = ts wouclene chacoy dur tore P'S nd Abe melding effech - a 11, State the octet rule Eight erectrons filling “the valena Shel 6 din Open 12, What does the electronegativity ofan element indicate? The ability «fan otom to ottvact an electro to itelf 13. What are the period and group tends in electronegavitis? Period > Increases youp=> decveaues 36 Chemistry: Matter and Change * Chapter 6 Study Guide for Content Mastery