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Darcy Earthquake

The document discusses various earthquake hazards. It defines an earthquake as the sudden shaking of the ground due to stored energy in rocks being released. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology monitors earthquakes and studies their causes. Earthquake hazards include ground shaking, surface faulting, liquefaction, landslides, and fires caused by infrastructure damage. Tsunamis can be local or distant, caused by earthquakes or landslides under the sea. Signs of an impending tsunami include earthquakes near the coast, a rapid sea level drop, and unusual roaring sounds.

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Louie John Pagayon
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16 views20 pages

Darcy Earthquake

The document discusses various earthquake hazards. It defines an earthquake as the sudden shaking of the ground due to stored energy in rocks being released. The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology monitors earthquakes and studies their causes. Earthquake hazards include ground shaking, surface faulting, liquefaction, landslides, and fires caused by infrastructure damage. Tsunamis can be local or distant, caused by earthquakes or landslides under the sea. Signs of an impending tsunami include earthquakes near the coast, a rapid sea level drop, and unusual roaring sounds.

Uploaded by

Louie John Pagayon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Disaster

Readiness and
Risk Reduction
Quarter 1 – Module 6
4 PICS
1 WORD
EARTHQUAKE
EARTHQUAKE
HAZARDS
What is an
Earthquake?
An earthquake is the
sudden or rapid shaking
of the ground due to the
release of potential
energy stored in rocks.
THE STUDY OF AN
EARTHQUAKE
The Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(PHIVOLCS) is the service institute of the Department of
Science and Technology (DOST) that is mandated to
monitor and study disasters that may be caused by
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and other geotectonic
phenomena.

The scientific study of earthquake is seismology and an


expert in earthquake is called a seismologist. The
instrument used in recording seismic waves is a
seismograph, and the record of this ground shaking is a
In every occurrence of an
earthquake, seismologists are
locating its origin deep down the
crust, which is called the focus or
the hypocenter.

The location in thesurface directly


An earthquake can be described through its
magnitude and intensity. The magnitude of an
earthquake is an estimate of the amount of
energy released at the focus or origin of the
earthquake. Richter scale is used for the
quantitative measure of the earthquake’s
magnitude, and it is reported in Arabic numerals
(ex. Magnitude6.7 or 7.4). The higher the
number, the greater is the magnitude of the
earthquake.The strongest ever recorded
Meanwhile, an intensity of an earthquake
refers to the degree of shaking or
theseverity of its effects on the earth’s
surface. Intensity scales developed and
used arethe Rossi-Forel Scale, or the
Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale. These are
reported inRoman Numerals (ex. Intensity
Scale of VIII or IX). In the PHIVOLCS
Earthquake Intensity Scales (PEIS) of VIII,
Please remember
that aftershocks or
smaller earthquakes
occur after a
majoror main
earthquake.
EARTHQUAKE
HAZARDS and
its Effects
Overview on Earthquake
1. Ground
Hazards
Characteristics/Features: Shaking
• Up-down and lateral movement or vibration of the ground
• Caused by the passage of body and surface seismic waves

Intensity of ground shaking depends on:


• Magnitude of an earthquake: the greater the magnitude, the greater the severity of the ground shaking
• Distance from the epicenter: The greatest severity of the ground shaking is near the epicenter, and
decreases away from the epicenter
• Geologic condition of the area: a loose unconsolidated sediment is prone to more severe ground shaking

Negative Effects
• Buildings vibrate (shake) as a result of ground shaking
• Buildings and other structures that can’t withstand ground shaking can have damages,
can be destroyed, or can collapse
• Can cause landslide and liquefaction
Overview on Earthquake
Ground Rupture (surface faulting or
Hazards
surface rupture)
Characteristics/Features:
• The offset or deformation of the land surface due to movement
of the fault
• This geologic phenomenon commonly happens in shallow
earthquakes
Negative Effects
• Ground cracks
• Many structures can have damages such as houses, commercial buildings,
bridges, roads and highways, tunnels and canals
• Structures present across fault zones can collapse
Overview on Earthquake
Liquefaction
Hazards
Characteristics/Features:
• It happens when ground shakingdue to moderate or intense earthquake
results to the mixing of body of sediments (sand or soil) and ground
water, and as a consequence, the ground becomes soft and could no
longer support structures that will eventually sink or tilt
• It can lead to ground failure
Negative Effects
• Ground failure
• Weakened support to building foundations which may eventually sink or
tilt
• Buildings or structures in the liquefactionprone area can have extensive
damages
Overview on Earthquake
Landslide
Hazards
Characteristics/Features:
• It is a mass movement rocks, soil and debris down the slope
primarily due to the action of gravity. However, landslides can
also be triggered by moderate and strong earthquakes

Negative Effects
• Erosion
• Destruction of buildings and other structures
• Landslides can partially or completely block sections of roads
Overview on Earthquake
Fire
Hazards
Characteristics/Features:
• It is associated with broken gas pipes and damaged
electrical lines as a result of damages caused by ground
shaking to buildings and other infrastructures.

Negative Effects
•Destruction of properties and loss of lives
Two Types of
Tsunami
1. Local tsunami – is generated within a hundred
kilometers from the source and is confined to
coasts. This type of tsunami is caused by
earthquakes and landslides, or a pyroclastic flow.

2. Far field or Distant tsunami – tsunami waves that


can travel from 1 to 24 hours before reaching the
coastlines of the nearby countries.
Signs of an Impending
Tsunami
1. If an earthquake occurs in the coastal region
and it originated from the oceanic crust, a
possible tsunami can take place
2. Rapid fall in sea level may happen as the
ocean water withdraws from the coastline.
After the water retreats, there is an abrupt
surge of water towards the coastline.
3. Unusual roaring sound which could be an
approaching tsunami.

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