Chemistry (Class - XII)

Chapter-1 : Solutions

Subjective Questions
1 Mark Questions :
01. Explain the Henry’s law about dissolution of a gas in a liquid.
02. What is meant by reverse osmosis?
2 Marks Questions :
03. Give reasons for the following.
(i) Aquatic species are more comfortable in cold water than warm water.
(ii) At higher altitudes people suffer from anoxia resulting in inability to think.
04. Define the following terms:
(i) Mole fraction (  ) (ii) Abnormal molar mass (iii) Colligative properties

05. Differentiate between molarity and molality of a solution.

(a) How can we change molality value of a solution into molarity value?
(b) How does a change in temperature influence their values?
06. A solution of glucose (C6H12O6) in water is labelled as 10% by weight. What would be the molality of
the solution? (Molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol-1)
07. What type of azeotropic mixture will be formed by a solution of acetone and chloroform? Justify on
the basis of strength of intermolecular interactions that develop in the solution.
08. State Raoult’s law for a solution containing volatile components. Write two characteristics of the
solution which obeys Raoult’s law at all concentrations.
(a) How does Raoult’s law become a special case of Henry’s law?
09. Write two differences between an ideal solution and a non-ideal solution.
10. What is meant by negative deviation from Raoult’s law? Give an example. What is the sign of  mix H

for negative deviation?

11. Define azeotropes. What type of azeotrope is formed by netative deviation from Raoult’s law? Give an
example.
12. Explain why a solution of chloroform and acetone shows negative deviation from Raoult’s law?
13. Define osmotic pressure of a solution. How is the osmotic pressure related to the concentration of a
solute in a solution?
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14. (i) On mixing liquid X and liquid Y, volume of the resulting solution decreases. What type of deviation
from Raoult’s law is shown by the resulting solution? What change in temperature would you observe
after mixing liquids X and Y?
(ii) What happens when we place the blood cell in water (hypertonic solution)? Give reason.
15. Why does a solution containing non-volatile solute have higher boiling point than the pure solvent?
Why is elevation of boiling point a colligative property?
16. An aqueous solution of sodium chloride freezes below 273 K. Explain the lowering in freezing point of
water with the help of a suitable diagram.
17. 18g glucose, C6H12O6 (molar mass = 180 g mol – 1 ) is dissolved in 1 kg of water in a sauce pan. At what
temperature, will this solution boil? (Kb for water = 0.52 K kg mol – 1 , boiling point of pure water =
373.15 K)
18. Define the terms: Osmosis and osmotic pressure. Is the osmotic pressure of a solution a colligative
property? Explain.
19. What is van’t Hoff factor? What possible values can it have if the solute molecules undergo
dissociation?
20. The molecular masses of polymers are determined by osmotic pressure method and not by measuring
other colligative properties. Give two reasons.
3 Marks Questions :
21. The vapour pressure of pure liquids A and B are 450 mm and 700 mm of Hg respectively at 350 K. Find
out the composition of the liquid mixture if total vapour pressure is 600 mm of Hg. Also, find the
composition in the vapour phase.
22. At 300 K, 30 g of glucose present in a litre of its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. If the
osmotic pressure of a glucose solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, what would be its
concentration.
23. A 4% solution (w/w) of sucrose (M = 342 g mol – 1 ) in water has a freezing point of 271.15 K. Calculate
the freezing point of 5% glucose (M = 180g mol – 1 ) in water. (Given : Freezing point of pure water =
273.15K)
24. A 10% solution (by mass) of sucrose in water has freezing point of 269.15K. Calculate the freezing point
of 10% glucose in water, if freezing point of pure water is 273.15 K.
(Given : Molar mss of sucrose = 342 g mol – 1 and molar mass of glucose = 180 g mol – 1 )
25. Calculate the mass of NaCl (molar mass = 58.5 g mol – 1 ) to be dissolved in 37.2 g of water to lower the
freezing point by 20C, assuming that NaCl undergoes complete dissociation.(Kf for water = 1.86 K kg
mol-1)
26. 45gm of ethylene glycol (C2H6O2) is mixed with 600 gm of water. Calculate
(i) the freezing point depression and (ii) the freezing point of the solution.
–1
(Given, Kf of water = 1.86 K kg mol )
27. A 5% solution (by mass) of cane sugar (Molar wt.- 342 g mol -1) is isotonic with 0.877% solution of
substance X. Find the molecular weight of X.
28. 3.9 g of benzoic acid dissolved in 49 g of benzene shows a depression in freezing point of 1.62 K.
Calculate the van’t Hoff factor and predict the nature of solute (associated or dissociated).
(Given : Molar mass of benzoic acid = 1.22 g mol -1, Kf for benzene = 4.9 K kg mol-1)

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29. A solution is prepared by dissolving 10g of non-volatile solute in 200 g of water. It has a vapour
pressure of 31.84 mm of Hg at 308 K. Calculate the molar mass of the solute. (Vapour pressure of pure
water at 308 K = 32 mm Hg)
30. Determine the osmotic pressure of a solution prepared by dissolving 2.5 x 10 – 2 g of K2SO4 in 2L of
water at 250C, assuming that it is completely dissociated. (R = 0.0821 L atm K -1 mol-1, molar mass of
K2SO4 = 174 g mol -1)
31. 1.00 g of non-electrolyte solute when dissolved in 50g of benzene lowered the freezing point of
benzene by 0.40 K. Find the molar mass of the solute. (Kf for benzene = 5.12 K kg mol -1)
32. A 5% solution (by mass) cane sugar in water has freezing point of 271K. Calculate the freezing point of
5% solution (by mass) of glucose in water if the freezing poinjt of pure water is 273.15K. [Molecular
mass of glucose (C6H12O6) = 180 amu or g mol – 1 and cane sugar (C12H22O11) = 342 amu or g mol – 1 ]
33. Calculate the freezing point of an aqueous solution containing 10.50 g of MgBr2 in 200g of water
(molar mass of MgBr2 = 184 g mol – 1 , Kf for water is1.86 K kg mol – 1 ).
34. Calculate the boiling point of a solution prepared by adding 15.00 g of NaCl to 250.0 of water.
(Kb for water = 0.512 K kg mol-1, molar mass of NaCl = 58.44 g mol-1)
35. What would be the molar mass of a compound if 6.21 g of it is dissolved in 24.0 g of chloroform from a
solution that has a boiling point of 68.040C. The boiling point of pure chloroform is 61.70C and the
boiling point elevation constant, Kb for chloroform is 3.630 C/m.
36. A solution prepared by dissolving 8.95 mg of a gene fragment in 35.0 mL of water has an osmotic
pressure of 0.385 torr at 250C. Assuming the gene fragment is non-electrolyte, determine its molar
mass.
37. A 0.561 m solution of unknown electrolyte depresses the freezing point of water by 2.93 0C.What is
van’t Hoff factor for this electrolyte? The freezing point of depression constant (Kf) for water is 1.860C
kg mol-1.
38. Phenol associates in benzene to a certain extent to form a dimer. A solution containing 20 g of phenol
in 1.0 kg of benzene has its freezing point lowered by 0.69 K. Calculate the fraction of phenol that has
dimerised. (Given Kf for benzene = 5.1 K kg mol – 1 )
39. An aqueous solution containing 12.48 g of barium chloride in 1.0 kg of water boils at 373.0832 K.
Calculate the degree of dissociation of barium chloride. (Given, Kb for H2O = 0.52 K kg mol – 1 , molar
mass of BaCl2 = 208.34 g mol – 1 )
40. At 300 K, 36g of glucose, C6H12O6 present per litre in its solution has an osmotic pressure of 4.98 bar. If
the osmotic pressure of another glucose solution is 1.52 bar at the same temperature, calculate the
concentration of the other solution.
41. Calculate the boiling point of one molar aqueous solution. Density of KBr solution is 1.06 g mL – 1 (Kb for
H2O = 0.52 K kg mol – 1 , atomic mass of K = 39, Br = 80)
Assertion – Reason
Direction (Q. Nos. 42 to 49) : Each of these equations contains two statements: Assertion and Reason. Each of these
questions also has four alternative choices, only one of which is the correct answer. You have to select one of the
codes (a), (b), (c), (d) given below.
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of the
Assertion (A).
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct statements, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of the
Assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is correct, but Reason (R) is incorrect statement.
(d) Assertion (A) is incorrect, but Reason (R) is correct statement.
(e) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are incorrect statements

42. Assertion (A) : Osmotic pressure is a colligative property.

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Reason (R) : Osmotic pressure of a solution depends on the molar concentration of solute at any
temperature T.
43. Assertion (A) : Azeotropic mixtures are formed only by non-ideal solutions and they may have boiling
points either greater than both the components or less than both the components.
Reason (R) : The composition of the vapour phase is same as that of the liquid phase of an azeotropic
mixture.
44. Assertion (A) : The boiling point of 0.1 M urea solution is less than that of 0.1 M KCl solution.
Reason (R) : Elevation of boiling point is directly proportional to the number of species present in the
solution.
45. Assertion (A) : The water pouch of instant cold pack for treating athletic injuries breaks when squeezed
and NH4NO3 dissolves lowering the temperature.
Reason (R) : Addition of non-volatile solute into solvent result in depression of freezing point of
solvent.
46. Assertion : Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes with temperature.
Reason : The volume of a solution changes with change in temperature.
47. Assertion : When methyl alcohol is added to water, boiling point of water increases.
Reason : When a volatile solute is added to a volatile solvent elevation in boiling point is observed.
48. Assertion : When NaCl is added to water a depression in freezing point is observed.
Reason : The lowering of vapour pressure of a solution causes depression in the freezing point.
49. Assertion : When a solution is separated from the pure solvent by a semi- permeable membrane, the
solvent molecules pass through it from pure solvent side to the solution side.
Reason : Diffusion of solvent occurs from a region of high concentration solution to a region of low
concentration solution.
ANSWERS:- 42-B , 43-C, 44-A, 45-A, 46-A, 47-E, 48-A, 49-B

CASE STUDY
(Read the passage given below and answer the following questions)
Case I : Boiling point or freezing point of liquid solution would be affected by the dissolved solids in the
liquid phase. A soluble solid in solution has the effect of raising its boiling point and depressing its
freezing point. The addition of non-volatile substances to a solvent decreases the vapour pressure and
the added solute particles affect the formation of pure solvent crystals.
According to many researches the decrease in freezing point directly correlated to the concentration
of solutes dissolved in the solvent. This phenomenon is expressed as freezing point depression such as
freeze concentration of liquid food and to find the molar mass of an unknown solute in the solution.
Freeze concentration is a high quality liquid food concentration method, where water is removed by
forming ice crystals. This is done by cooling the liquid food below the freezing point of the solution’s
identity.
The freezing point depression is referred as a colligative property and it is proportional to the molar
concentration of the solution (m), along with vapour pressure lowering, boiling point elevation, and
osmotic pressure. These are physical characteristics of solutions that depend only on the identity of
the solvent and the concentration of the solute.
The characters are not depending on the solute’s identity.
50. When a non – volatile solid is added to pure water it will
(a) boil above 1000C and freeze above 00C
(b) boil below 1000C and freeze above 00C

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(c) boil above 1000C and freeze below 00C
(d) boil below 1000C and freeze below 00C
51. Colligative properties are
(a) dependent only on the concentration of the solute and independent of the solvent’s and solute’s
identity.
(b) dependent only on the identity of the solute and the concentration of the solute and independent
of the solvent’s identity.
(c) dependent on the identity of the solvent and solute and thus on the concentration of the solute.
(d) dependent only on the identity of the solvent and the concentration of the solute and independent
of the solute’s identity.
52. Assume three samples of juices A, B and C have glucose as the only sugar present in them. The
concentration of sample A, B, and C are 0.1 M, 0.5 M and 0.2 M respectively. Freezing point will be
highest for the fruit juice
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) All have same freezing point

53. Identify which of the following is a colligative property.

(a) Freezing point (b) Boiling point (c) Osmotic pressure (d) All of the above
Case II : In order to account for the extent of association and dissociation, van’t Hoff factor. It is
defined as : The ratio of the normal (or theoretical) and experimental (or observed) molar mass
Theoretical molar mass
i
Experimental molar mass
In case of association, the magnitude of experimental mass is greater than theoretical molar mass. So,
the factor, i has value less than one. In case of dissociation, the magnitude of experimental mass is less
than the theoretical molar mass.
So, the factor, i has value more than one. In case of solutes which neither undergo association nor
dissociation, the magnitude of experimental molar mass is equal to theoretical molar mass. So, the
factor, i has value equal to one.
54. What will be the van’t Hoff factor for a compound which undergoes dimerisation in an organic
solvent?
55. What would be the relation of the van’t Hoff factor, i for a compound which undergoes dissociation in
one solvent and association in other solvent?
56. In the determination of molar mass of A+B- using a colligative property, what may be the value of van’t
Hoff factor, if the solute is 50% dissociated?
57. What is the expected value of van’t Hoff factor for K3[Fe(CN)6] in dilute solution?
(Or). What is the van’t Hoff factor for a compound which undergoes tetra merisation in an organic
solvent?

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Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which of the following units is useful in relating concentration of solution with its vapour pressure?
(i) mole fraction
(ii) parts per million
(iii) mass percentage
(iv) molality
2. On dissolving sugar in water at room temperature solution feels cool to touch. Under which of the
following cases dissolution of sugar will be most rapid?
(i) Sugar crystals in cold water.
(ii) Sugar crystals in hot water.
(iii) Powdered sugar in cold water.
(iv) Powdered sugar in hot water.
3. At equilibrium the rate of dissolution of a solid solute in a volatile liquid solvent is __________.
(i) less than the rate of crystallisation
(ii) greater than the rate of crystallisation
(iii) equal to the rate of crystallisation
(iv) zero
4. A beaker contains a solution of substance ‘A’. Precipitation of substance ‘A’ takes place when small
amount of ‘A’ is added to the solution. The solution is _________.
(i) saturated
(ii) supersaturated
(iii) unsaturated
(iv) concentrated
5. Maximum amount of a solid solute that can be dissolved in a specified amount of a given liquid solvent
does not depend upon ____________.
(i) Temperature
(ii) Nature of solute
(iii) Pressure
(iv) Nature of solvent
6. Low concentration of oxygen in the blood and tissues of people living at high altitude is due to
____________.
(i) low temperature
(ii) low atmospheric pressure
(iii) high atmospheric pressure
(iv) both low temperature and high atmospheric pressure
7. Considering the formation, breaking and strength of hydrogen bond, predict which of the following
mixtures will show a positive deviation from Raoult’s law?
(i) Methanol and acetone.
(ii) Chloroform and acetone.
(iii) Nitric acid and water.
(iv) Phenol and aniline.
8. Colligative properties depend on ____________.
(i) the nature of the solute particles dissolved in solution.
(ii) the number of solute particles in solution.
(iii) the physical properties of the solute particles dissolved in solution.
(iv) the nature of solvent particles.
9. Which of the following aqueous solutions should have the highest boiling point?
(i) 1.0 M NaOH
(ii) 1.0 M Na2 SO4

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(iii) 1.0 M NH4 NO3
(iv) 1.0 M KNO3
10. The unit of ebulioscopic constant is _______________.

11. In comparison to a 0.01 M solution of glucose, the depression in freezing point of a 0.01 M MgCl 2
solution is _____________.
(i) the same
(ii) about twice
(iii) about three times
(iv) about six times
12. An unripe mango placed in a concentrated salt solution to prepare pickle, shrivels because
_____________.
(i) it gains water due to osmosis.
(ii) it loses water due to reverse osmosis.
(iii) it gains water due to reverse osmosis.
(iv) it loses water due to osmosis.
13. At a given temperature, osmotic pressure of a concentrated solution of a substance _____________.
(i) is higher than that at a dilute solution.
(ii) is lower than that of a dilute solution.
(iii) is same as that of a dilute solution.
(iv) cannot be compared with osmotic pressure of dilute solution.
14. Which of the following statements is false?
(i) Two different solutions of sucrose of same molality prepared in different solvents will have the same
depression in freezing point.
(ii) The osmotic pressure of a solution is given by the equation Π = CRT ( where C is the molarity of the
solution).
(iii) Decreasing order of osmotic pressure for 0.01 M aqueous solutions of barium chloride, potassium
chloride, acetic acid and sucrose is BaCl2 > KCl > CH3 COOH > sucrose.
(iv) According to Raoult’s law, the vapour pressure exerted by a volatile component of a solution is
directly proportional to its mole fraction in the solution.
15. The values of Van’t Hoff factors for KCl, NaCl and K2 SO4 , respectively, are _____________.
(i) 2, 2 and 2
(ii) 2, 2 and 3
(iii) 1, 1 and 2
(iv) 1, 1 and 1
16. Which of the following statements is false?
(i) Units of atmospheric pressure and osmotic pressure are the same.
(ii) In reverse osmosis, solvent molecules move through a semipermeable membrane from a region of
lower concentration of solute to a region of higher concentration.
(iii) The value of molal depression constant depends on nature of solvent.
(iv) Relative lowering of vapour pressure, is a dimensionless quantity.
17. Value of Henry’s constant KH ____________.
(i) increases with increase in temperature.
(ii) decreases with increase in temperature.
(iii) remains constant.
(iv) first increases then decreases.

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18. The value of Henry’s constant KH is _____________.
(i) greater for gases with higher solubility.
(ii) greater for gases with lower solubility.
(iii) constant for all gases.
(iv) not related to the solubility of gases.
19. Consider the Fig. 2.1 and mark the correct option.
(i) water will move from side (A) to side(B)
if a pressure lower than osmotic
pressure is applied on piston (B).
(ii) water will move from side (B) to side (A)
if a pressure greater than osmotic
pressure is applied on piston (B).
(iii) water will move from side (B) to side (A)
if a pressure equal to osmotic
pressure is applied on piston (B).
(iv) water will move from side (A) to side (B)
if pressure equal to osmotic
pressure is applied on piston (A).
20. We have three aqueous solutions of NaCl labelled as ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’ with concentrations 0.1M, 0.01M
and 0.001M, respectively. The value of van’t Hoff factor for these solutions will be in the order______.
(i) iA < iB < iC
(ii) iA > iB > iC
(iii) iA = iB = iC
(iv) iA < iB > Ic
21. On the basis of information given below mark the correct option.
Information:
(A) In bromoethane and chloroethane mixture intermolecular interactions
of A–A and B–B type are nearly same as A–B type interactions.
(B) In ethanol and acetone mixture A–A or B–B type intermolecular
interactions are stronger than A–B type interactions.
(C) In chloroform and acetone mixture A–A or B–B type intermolecular
interactions are weaker than A–B type interactions.
(i) Solution (B) and (C) will follow Raoult’s law.
(ii) Solution (A) will follow Raoult’s law.
(iii) Solution (B) will show negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
(iv) Solution (C) will show positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
22. Two beakers of capacity 500 mL were taken. One of these beakers, labelled as “A”, was filled with 400
mL water
whereas the beaker labelled “B” was
filled with 400 mL of 2 M solution of
NaCl. At the same temperature both
the beakers were placed in closed
containers of same material and same
capacity as shown in Fig. 2.2.
At a given temperature, which of the following statement is correct about the vapour pressure of pure
water and that of NaCl solution.
(i) vapour pressure in container (A) is more than that in container (B).
(ii) vapour pressure in container (A) is less than that in container (B).
(iii) vapour pressure is equal in both the containers.
(iv) vapour pressure in container (B) is twice the vapour pressure in container (A).

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23. If two liquids A and B form minimum boiling azeotrope at some specific composition then
_______________.
(i) A–B interactions are stronger than those between A–A or B–B.
(ii) vapour pressure of solution increases because more number of molecules of liquids A and B can
escape from the solution.
(iii) vapour pressure of solution decreases because less number of molecules of only one of the liquids
escape from the solution.
(iv) A–B interactions are weaker than those between A–A or B–B.
24. 4L of 0.02 M aqueous solution of NaCl was diluted by adding one litre of water. The molality of the
resultant solution is _____________.
(i) 0.004
(ii) 0.008
(iii) 0.012
(iv) 0.016
25. On the basis of information given below mark the correct option.
Information : On adding acetone to methanol some of the hydrogen bonds between methanol
molecules break.
(i) At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture will form minimum
boiling azeotrope and will show positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
(ii) At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture forms maximum
boiling azeotrope and will show positive deviation from Raoult’s law.
(iii) At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture will form minimum
boiling azeotrope and will show negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
(iv) At specific composition methanol-acetone mixture will form maximum
boiling azeotrope and will show negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
26. KH value for Ar(g), CO 2 (g), HCHO (g) and CH4 (g) are 40.39, 1.67, 1.83×10–5
and 0.413 respectively.
Arrange these gases in the order of their increasing solubility.
(i) HCHO < CH4 < CO2 < Ar
(ii) HCHO < CO2 < CH4 < Ar
(iii) Ar < CO 2 < CH4 < HCHO
(iv) Ar < CH 4 < CO2 < HCHO

MCQ ANSWERS
1. (i) 2. (iv) 3. (iii)
4. (ii), [Hint : If added substance dissolves, the solution is unsaturated. If it does not dissolve solution is saturated.
If precipitation occurs solution is supersaturated.]
5. (iii) 6. (ii), [Hint : Body temperature of human beings remains constant.] 7. (i) 8. (ii) 9. (ii) 10. (i) 11. (iii)
12. (iv) 13. (i) 14. (i) 15. (ii) 16. (ii) 17. (i) 18. (ii) 19. (ii) 20. (iii) 21. (ii) 22. (i) 23. (i) 24. (iv) 25. (ii) 26. (iii)

1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: (1×4=4)
A solution is a solute dissolved in a solvent. By adding a solute to the solvent, we create these
solutions that have different properties from pure solvents.Atmospheric pressure comes from the
mass of air in atmosphere being pulled towards the center of gravity (weight of air). Vapour
pressure is the pressure exerted by the vapour of the liquid.

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The temperature at which the atmospheric pressure is equal to the vapour pressure, known as
boiling point.Club soda is an example of a solution, where the solvent is water and the solute is
CO2. Since CO2 also acts as a solute, the club soda does not freeze at 0 oC.In salt-water we cannot
remove the salt particles from the water, but in club soda, we can remove the CO2 from the water
by shaking the bottle, so that the CO2 moves to the top and opening the bottle, releasing the CO2
leaving us with water at a temperature below 0oC.

The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer.

(i) What happens when you add more solute to a solution but keep the amount of solvent the same?
(a)The solution does not deviate from boiling point of the pure solvent
(b)Lesser the concentration of solution more is the deviation from the boiling
point of the pure solvent.
(c)Vapour pressure of the solution becomes equal to the atmospheric pressure
(d)Greater the concentration of solution more is the deviation from the boiling
point of the pure solvent.

(ii) Ethylene glycol is added in high concentration to water to produce antifreeze in a car. Why?
(a)Ethylene glycol decreases the boiling point of water.
(b)To prevent the engine from freezing the coolant in extremely cold places.
(c)Antifreeze is necessary for the engine.
(d)Ethylene glycol is suitable for good maintenance of car engine.

(iii) Freezing point of a salt solution is lower than the pure solvent because
(a)Vapour pressure is independent upon temperature.
(b)Salts are not ionizable.
(c)Vapour pressure of the solution is now higher than the atmospheric
pressure
(d)Interference of polarized water molecules with the salt.

(iv) Vapour pressure of a solution depends upon

(a)Atmospheric pressure.
(b)Gravitational force.
(c)Nature of the solute and the solvent.
(d)Nature of the solute.
2.Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: (1×4 =4)
The partial pressure of gas is directly proportional to mole fraction of gas in dissolved state. i. e. P
= KH. X This is according to Henry’s law. This law does not work if there is a chemical reaction
between the solute and solvent. And also, does not work at high pressure.

Greater the value of KH, lower is the solubility of the gas at the same partial pressure. K H also
depends on temperature and it is proved by aquatic animals who are comfortable in cold water.An
everyday example is carbonated soft drinks, which contain dissolved CO2.

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The following questions are multiple choice questions. Choose the most appropriate answer.

(i) The molarity of 900g of water is

(a)50M(b)5M (c)55.5M (d)55M

(ii) Value of Henry’s constant (KH)

(a)Lower with increase in temperature
(b)Greater with decrease in temperature
(c)Greater with increase in temperature
(d)Constant for all gas

(iii) Scuba divers used the cylinders filled with air diluted with ‘He’ because
(a) To avoid toxic effects of high concentration of N2 in the blood.
(b) Unavailability of pure oxygen
(c) It is easily available in the market
(d) Diluted Oxygen is necessary for breathing

(iv) When blood cells are placed in pure water, blood cells,
(a) Become white in colour (b) Diffuses in water
(c) Shrinks (d) Swells up
3.Read the passage given below and answer the following questions: (1×4)
The vapour pressure of solvent is dependent on nature of solvent, temperature, addition of non-
volatile solute as well as nature of solute to dissociate or associate. The vapour pressure can be
determined by Raoult’s law. Also, it is known that all ideal solution obeys Raoult’s law. However,
some solution gets deviate from ideal behavior.

Liquid mixtures that has a constant boiling point that is whose proportion cannot be altered by
simple distillation forms azeotropes. There are two types of azeotropes. Such are: minimum
boiling azeotropes and maximum boiling azeotropes.

The following questions are Reason Assertion type questions carrying 1 mark each. Choose the
correct answer out of the following choices.

(i) Assertion: Molarity of a solution in liquid state changes with temperature.

Reason: The volume of a solution changes with change in temperature

(ii) Assertion: Benzene-toluene mixture forms ideal solution.

Reason: Components with structural similarity forms ideal solution in general.

(iii) Assertion: Azeotropic mixtures are formed only by non-ideal solution and they may have
boiling points either greater than both the components or lesser than both the
components.
Reason: The components of the vapour phase is same as that of the liquid

phase of an azeotropic mixture.

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12 / Solutions

(iv) Assertion: Mixtures of acetone and benzene having negative deviation from Raoult’s law.
Reason: The weak intermolecular force of attraction between the two liquids as
compared to the pure components.

4. The following questions are Reason Assertion type questions carrying 1 mark each. Choose
the correct answer out of the following choices.

(i) Assertion: If you are dipped your finger in water for long time, it gets pruned.
Reason: Water flows into the upper skin cells, then shrinking effects takes place in the
skin cells.

(i) Assertion: If molality of dilute solution is doubled, then the value of molal depression
constant will be unchanged.
Reason: Freezing point depression is a colligative property.

(iii) Assertion: Addition of a non-volatile solute to a volatile solvent increases the boiling point.
Reason: Addition of non-volatile solute results in lowering of vapour pressure.

(iv) Assertion: Water and hydrochloric acid form an ideal solution.

Reason: The enthalpy of mixing of an ideal solution is zero.

(v) Assertion: The saturated solution contains maximum amount of solute that

is capable of being dissolved.

Reason: When the solution equilibrium point is reached then no more solute is
dissolved.

ANSWER KEYS

CLASS: XII

UNIT-2 SOLUTION
1. i) d ii)b iii)d iv)c

2. i) c ii)c iii)a iv)d

3. i) a ii) a iii) b iv)d

4. i) a ii) b iii) a iv)d v) a

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