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MSU RADIOLOGY
ESSENTIAL
MRI CHARTS
 MRI Acronyms
GE Phillips Sequence Type Siemens Toshiba

Table Of Contents
Echo Planar Imaging
EPI EPI EPI EPI
(EPI)
ETL EPI Factor Number of Echos EPI Factor EPI Factor
Echo Spacing Echo Spacing Time Between Echos Echo Spacing Echo Spacing
3• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • MRI Acronyms GRE FFE Gradient Echo (GE) GRE Field Echo
7• • • Arterial to Venous Transition Times GRASS FE Coherent Gradient Echo FISP Field Echo
8• • • • • • • • • • • • ceMRA Arrival Times SPGR T1-FFE Spoiled Gradient Echo FLASH Field Echo
9• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • Formulas Steady State Free Preces-
SSFP T2-FFE PSIF -
10 • • • • • • • • • • Gadolinium Dose Chart sion
FIESTA Balanced FFE True FISP TrueFISP True SSFP
12 • • • • • • In & Out-of-Phase TE Values FiESTA-C - True FISP Dual Excitation CISS -
13 • • • • • • • • • • • Parameter Trade-Offs Fast GRE
TFE Ultra fast Gradient Echo TurboFLASH Fast FE
Fast SPGR
15 • • • • • • • • • • • • • RBW Conversions 3-D FDRE
3-D TFE Ultra fast Gradient Echo MPRAGE 3D Fast FE
16 • • • • • T1 & T2/Inversion Time Values 3-D FSPGR
FAME THRIVE Volume Interpolated GRE VIBE -
17 • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • TOF Trade-offs
IR, MPIR, IR, TurboIR,
18 • • • • • • • • Abnormal Tissue Contrast FastIR
IR-TSE Inversion Recovery (IR)
TIR
IR

19 • • • • • • • • • • Normal Tissue Contrast FLAIR FLAIR Long Tau FLAIR FLAIR

STIR STIR Short Tau IR STIR STIR
20• • • • • • • • Velocity Encoding Values
2 - Real IR True IR True IR -
3
 MRI Acronyms MRI Acronyms

GE Phillips Sequence Type Siemens Toshiba GE Phillips Sequence Type Siemens Toshiba
Parallel Acquisition Trigger Delay, Trigger Delay, Trigger Delay, Trigger Delay,
ASSET SENSE iPAT SPEEDER Delay after R Wave
Techniques TD TD TD TD
SENSE SENSE Image-Based Algorithm mSENSE SENSE Distance
Gap Gap Distance Between Slices Gap
Factor
- - K-space Based Algorithm Grappa -
FOV (cm) FOV (mm) Field of View FOV (mm) FOV
SE SE Spin Echo (SE) SE SE
Turbo Gradient Spin Echo TurboGSE Frequency
GRASE GRASE Hybrid EPI Frequency
(GRASE) TGSE Anti-Aliasing Frequency Oversampling Oversampling Wrap
Oversampling
Suppression
FSE (Fast Spin TSE (Turbo Turbo Spin Echo/Fast TSE (Turbo FSE (Fast Spin
Echo) Spin Echo) Spin Echo (TSE/FSE) Spin Echo) Echo) Flow Comp, Flow Comp/
Flow Comp Gradient Moment Nulling Flow Comp
Flag GMR
Echo Train Echo Train
Turbo Factor Number of Echoes Turbo Factor 1/2NEX,
Length (ETL) Length (ETL) Half Scan Half Fourier Imaging Half Fourier Half Fourier
Fractional NEX
Single-Shot Single-Shot
Single-Shot TSE/FSE HASTE FASE Cardiac Gated/ ECG
FSE TSE Image Sync with ECG ECG Triggered Cardiac Gated
Triggering Triggered
Echo Spacing Echo Spacing Time Between Echoes Echo Spacing Echo Spacing
TI TI Inversion Time (msec) TI TI
TSE/FSE with 90° Flip-
FrFSE DRIVE RESTORE FSE T2 pulse Magnetization Transfer
Back Pulse MTC MTC MTC, MTS SORS-STC
Constant
NEX NSA Averages Averages NSA
Receive Band- Fat/Water Bandwidth Walking Sat Travel Rest Moving Sat Pulse Travel Sat BFAST
Bandwidth Bandwidth
width (kHz) Shift (Pixel) (Hz/Px)
Asymmetric Matched
Smart Prep- Partial Echo Partial Echo Partial Echo
Contrast Bolus Timing/ Echo Bandwidth
Fluoro - BolusTrak CARE Bolus Visual Prep
Flouro-Triggering
4 Triggered Localizer PlanScan Patient Orientation Localizer Locator
5
 MRI Acronyms
GE Phillips Sequence Type Siemens Toshiba Arterial to Venous
Fat Sat/Chem
Sat
SAT
SPIR, SPAIR

REST
Prep Pulse - Chemically

Prep Pulse - Spatially

Fat Sat

Presat
Fat Sat

Presat
Transition Times
Ramped Pulse TONE Ramped RF Pulse TONE ISCE
Rectangular FOV Phase/ Rectangular
Partial FOV Rectangular FOV

Anatomic Time in
FOV Rectangular FOV
Repetition Time, Echo
TR, TE TR, TE TR, TE TR, TE
Time (in msec)
Respiratory
Triggering
Respiratory
Triggering
Respiratory Gating
Respiratory
Gating
Respiratory
Gating
Region Seconds
Flip Angle Flip Angle RF Pulse in Gradient Echo Flip Angle Flip Angle Intracranial 5 sec.
Acquisition
Time
Acquisition
Time
Scan Measurement Time
Acquisition Time,
TA
Acquisition
Time
Cervical 4-8 sec.
Views per
Segment
Views per
Segment
Segmented K-Space Lines/Segments Segments Pulmonary 4-8 sec.
Off Center Off Center
Shifting Slices Off Center Off Center FOV
Phase and
Frequency
Renal 10 sec.
FOV FOV
Shift
Simultaneous
Abdominal 10-12 sec.
POMP SIMEX Simultaneous Excitation QuadScan
Excitation
Intersegment
Pelvic 10-30 sec.
TD Time Delay/Block K-Space Time Delay TD
Delay
Variable Band- Water Fat Optimized Band- Matched
Peripheral Vessels Up to 60 sec.
Variable Bandwidth
width Shift width Bandwidth ***Transition Times based on vessels that are clear of pathology and
6 - Proset Water Excitation Water Excitation - are lying within normal tissue. 7
 Average Arrival Times of MRI Formulas
Contrast in ceMRA SNR
Mean of Tissue/Standard Deviation =
Signal to Noise Ratio
Place a small ROI within the tissue to establish the Mean Value. A large ROI in
the background will determine the Standard Deviation.

Vessel Arrival Time Bandwidth Con- (Hz per Pixel/Base Resolution) / 2000 = kHz
version (Hz/Px
Superior Vena Cava 0-8 seconds to kHz)
EXAMPLE: 130 hz/px X 256 (freq.) = 33,333
33,333/2000 = 16.021 kHz

Pulmonary Artery 6-10 seconds FOVp/Np

In-Plane Pixel
Carotid Artery 7-12 seconds (phase) FOVp - FOV in the Phase Direction
NP - Number of Phase Encoding Steps

Aortic Arch 9-14 seconds FOVf/Nf

In-Plane Pixel
Descending Aorta 13-20 seconds (frequency) FOVf - FOV in the Frequency Direction
Nf - Number of Frequency Encoding Steps

Femoral Artery 15-20 seconds (SNR 1 - SNR 2)/SNR 2 x 100 = % of Improvement

SNR
Hepatic Artery 19-30 seconds Improvement
Comparison of SNR between two sequences; establish an SNR for each se-
quence and plug the values into the above formula. Positive results indicate
SNR1>SNR2. Negative results reflect SNR1<SNR2.
Trifurcation 20-30 seconds
(TG1 - TG2)/TG2 x 100 = % of Improvement
Palmer Arch 20-40 seconds Voltage
Improvement Comparison of voltage improvement between two sequences; record the
transmit gain (TG) of each sequence and insert the values into the formula.
Portal Veins 30-45 seconds
T1 of Tissue X .69 = Inversion Time
Hepatic Veins 40-55 seconds Inversion Time
Calculation To establish the Inversion Time (TI) of a specific tissue, record its T1 in the
8 ***Arrival times based on normal, pathology-free, anatomy. formula and multiply by .69. The tissue can then be suppressed with IR.
9
 Gadolinium Dose Chart
Body Weight

kg 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130

lb 26 31 35 40 44 49 53 57 62 66 88 110 132 154 176 198 220 243 265 287

Pediatric

mL 2.4 2.8 3.2 3.6 4 4.4 4.8 5.2 5.6 6 8 10 12 14 16 - - - - -

Adult

mL - - - - - - - - - - 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26

Volume based on .2 mL/kg as recommended by vendor inserts

(Magnevist, Omniscan and Prohance).
10 11
 In and Out of Parameter Trade-Offs
Phase TE Values
0.5T 1.0T 1.5T 3.0T Spatial
Condition SNR Time
13.8 6.9 4.6 2.3 Resolution

^ -
^
TR Increase
27.6 13.8 9.2 4.6
In-Phase TE Increase V - -
20.7 13.8 6.9

^ ^
TE NEX-NSA-
27.6 18.4 9.2 Averages
Increase -

^
23 11.5 Slice
Thickness
Increase V -
6.9 3.45 2.3 1.15

^ ^
Phase
Resolution
Increase V
20.7 10.35 6.9 3.45

^
Out-of- Frequency
Resolution
Increase V -
17.25 11.5 5.75

^
Phase TE V
24.15 16.1 8.05 FOV Increase -
Receive
12 20.7 10.35 Bandwidth
Increase V - -
13
 Parameter Trade-Offs
RBW Conversion
Condition SNR RBW
Increase Decrease Increase Decrease Increase Decrease

V V
V V
T1 - -
Hertz per Hertz per kHz @
PD
V
V V
V
- - kHz @ 256
Pixel @ 256 Pixel @ 512 512
V V - -
V V
T2
Slice Number
V
V V
V V
V 32 4.096 32 8.192
V - V 64 8.0192 64 16.384
V V
Scan Time -

V V V
V V V
SNR
96 12.288 96 24.576
Resolution - - - - - -
Flow Artifact
V
V
V
V - - 128 16.384 128 32.768
Magnetic
Susceptibility
- -
V
V - - 160 20.48 160 40.96
V 248 31.744 248 63.488
V
RBW - - - -
Chemical V
Shift
- - - - V 496 63.488 496 126.976
- V
V
14 Minimum TE - - -
(Hertz per Pixel X Base Resolution) / 2000 = kHz 15
 T1, T2 & Inversion Time Values TOF Parameter Trade-Offs
Tissue T1 @ 1.5T T2 @ 1.5T TI @ 1.5T T1 @3 .0T T2 @ 3.0T TI @ 3.0T Temporal TR Flip Angle Slice Think TE
Blood 1200 150 828 1380 135 952 Resolution of: Increase Increase Increase Increase
Bone Marrow 1013 - 699 1165 - 804
Fast Moving V
Cartilage 1060 - 731 1219 - 841 Blood V V V
Corpus - 120 - - 108 -
Slow Moving
Callosum
V V V
CFS 3000 510 2070 3450 459 2381 Blood V
Fat 259 160 179 298 144 206 V
Background
V
Fluid 2850 - 1967 3278 - 2262 Tissue - -
Grey Matter 921 100 635 1059 90 731

Kidney (cortex) 966 70 667 1111 63 767

Kidney (marrow) 1320 - 911 1518 - 1047

Liver 570 50 393 656 45 453

Muscle 1130 50 780 1300 45 897

Pons - 110 - - 99 -

Spleen 1026 - 708 1180 - 814

16 White Matter 786 90 542 904 81 624

17
 Abnormal Tissue Contrast Normal Tissue Contrast
MRI MRI X-Ray & Enhancement MRI T1 MRI T2 X-Ray & CT
T1 T2 CT with Gadolinium

Dense Bone Dark Dark Bright

Infarct Dark Bright Dark Moderate

Air Dark Dark Dark

Bleed Bright Bright Bright No

Fat Bright Bright Dark

Tumor Dark Bright Dark Yes

Water Dark Bright Dark

MS Dark Bright Dark Yes (acute)

18 19
 Average Velocity Encoding Values
in Phase Contrast Angiography
Velocity
Vessel
(cm/sec)
Middle Cerebral Artery 62 ± 12
Anterior Cerebral Artery 52 ± 12
Posterior Cerebral Artery 42 ± 10
Internal Carotid Siphon 54 ± 13
Vertebral Artery 36 ± 9
Basilar Artery 42 ± 10
Internal Iliac Artery 119 ± 21

Common Femoral Artery 114 ± 24

Superficial Femoral Artery 90 ± 13

Superficial Germal Artery (distal) 93 ± 14

Popliteal Artery 69 ± 13
Thoracic Aorta 100 - 175
Common Carotid Artery 80 - 120
Internal Carotid Artery 80 - 120
20 ***Velocity Measurements based on normal vascular anatomy