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Formula B.SC (CS& AI)

This document contains formulas for various statistical measures used to analyze raw data, discrete data, and continuous data. It includes formulas for measures such as mean, median, mode, range, variance, standard deviation, quartiles, mean deviation, coefficients of variation, correlation, regression, rank correlation, and the chi-square test. Formulas are provided for calculating these measures from raw data summarized using frequencies, counts, or in the case of continuous data, area under the curve.

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38 views

Formula B.SC (CS& AI)

This document contains formulas for various statistical measures used to analyze raw data, discrete data, and continuous data. It includes formulas for measures such as mean, median, mode, range, variance, standard deviation, quartiles, mean deviation, coefficients of variation, correlation, regression, rank correlation, and the chi-square test. Formulas are provided for calculating these measures from raw data summarized using frequencies, counts, or in the case of continuous data, area under the curve.

Uploaded by

gracesachinrock
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Formula (Unit-3)

Raw Data Discrete Data Continuous Data


Mean ∑𝑥 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 ∑ 𝑓𝑥
𝑥̅ = 𝑥̅ = 𝑥̅ =
𝑛 𝑁 𝑁
𝑁
−𝑚
Median (𝑛+1)𝑡ℎ
items
(𝑁+1)𝑡ℎ
items 𝑙 + (2 )×𝑐
2 2 𝑓

Mode Most frequently Highest Value ∆1


𝑙+( )×𝑐
∆1 + ∆2
∆1 = 𝑓 − 𝑃. 𝑉,
∆2 = 𝑓 − 𝑆. 𝑉

Formula (Unit-4)
Range 𝐿−𝑆 𝐿−𝑆 𝐿−𝑆
2 2 2 2 2 2
Variance ∑𝑥 ∑𝑥 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 ∑ 𝑓𝑥 ∑ 𝑓𝑥
( )−( ) ( )−( ) ( )−( )
𝑛 𝑛 𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 𝑁
Standard ∑ 𝑥2 ∑𝑥
2
∑ 𝑓𝑥 2 ∑ 𝑓𝑥
2
∑ 𝑓𝑥 2 ∑ 𝑓𝑥
2

Deviation √( )−( ) √( )−( ) √( )−( )


𝑛 𝑛 𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 𝑁
Quartile
Deviation 𝑄3 − 𝑄1 𝑄3 − 𝑄1 𝑄3 − 𝑄1
2 2 2
(𝑛+1)𝑡ℎ (𝑁+1)𝑡ℎ 𝑁
−𝑚
𝑄1 = 4 items 𝑄1 = 4 items 𝑄1 = 𝑙 + ( 4 𝑓 ) × 𝑐 ,
3(𝑛+1)𝑡ℎ 3(𝑁+1)𝑡ℎ
𝑄3 = items 𝑄3 = items 3𝑁
−𝑚
4 4
𝑄3 = 𝑙 + ( 4 𝑓 ) × 𝑐

Mean Deviation ∑|𝑥 − 𝑥̅ | ∑ 𝑓|𝑥 − 𝑥̅ | ∑ 𝑓 |𝑥 − 𝑥̅ |


𝑛 𝑁 𝑁
Coefficient of 𝜎 𝜎 𝜎
× 100 × 100 × 100
Variation 𝑥̅ 𝑥̅ 𝑥̅

𝐿−𝑆
Coefficient of Range = 𝐿+𝑆

𝑄 −𝑄
Coefficient of Quartile Deviation = 𝑄3 +𝑄1
3 1

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛
Coefficient of Mean Deviation = 𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛 𝐷𝑒𝑣𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝑀𝑒𝑎𝑛−𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑒
Coefficient of Skewness =
𝑆.𝐷

𝑄3 +𝑄1 −2𝑀𝑒𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑛
Coefficient of Bowleys = 𝑄3 −𝑄1
Formula (Unit -5)

1. Correlation
𝑛 ∑ 𝑥𝑦−∑ 𝑥 ∑ 𝑦
r= , −1 ≤ 𝑟 ≤ 1
√𝑛𝑥 2 −(∑ 𝑥)2 √𝑛 ∑ 𝑦 2 −(∑ 𝑦)2

2. Regression
𝜎 𝜎
(a) Regression equation of X on Y is (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ ) = 𝑟 𝜎𝑥 (𝑦 − 𝑦̅) , where 𝑟 𝜎𝑥 = 𝑏𝑥𝑦
𝑦 𝑦
𝑛 ∑ 𝑥𝑦−∑ 𝑥 ∑ 𝑦 ∑𝑥 ∑𝑦
𝑏𝑥𝑦 = ∑ 𝑦 2−(∑ 𝑦)2
and 𝑥̅ = , 𝑦̅ =
𝑛 𝑛

𝜎 𝜎
(b) Regression equation of Y on X is (𝑦 − 𝑦̅) = 𝑟 𝜎𝑦 (𝑥 − 𝑥̅ ) , where 𝑟 𝜎𝑦 = 𝑏𝑦𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝑛 ∑ 𝑥𝑦−∑ 𝑥 ∑ 𝑦 ∑𝑥 ∑𝑦
𝑏𝑦𝑥 = ∑ 𝑥 2 −(∑ 𝑥)2
and 𝑥̅ = , 𝑦̅ =
𝑛 𝑛

3. Rank Correlation or Spearmen Correlation.


6 ∑ 𝑑2
(a) 𝜌 = 1 − 𝑛(𝑛2 −1) , −1 ≤ 𝜌 ≤ 1

Repeated rank

𝑚(𝑚2 −1)
6(∑ 𝑑2 + + …..….)
12
(b) 𝜌 = 1 − 𝑛(𝑛 2−1)

χ2 –test (Chi-square test)

(Oi −Ei )2
1. χ2 = ∑ ~ Chi − square distribution with (n − 1) d.f
Ei

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