RENAL PHYSIOLOGY

1. ( D ) Reabsorption of uid by the renal peritubular capiliaries can be increased by:

A) Decreased plasma protein concentration.
B) Decreased e erent arteriolar resistance.
C) Decreased plasma colloid osmotic pressure.
D) E erent arteriolar constriction.

2. ( A ) Glomerular ltration rate can be increased by:

A) Increasing arterial blood pressure.
B) Increasing the plasma protein concentration.
C) E erent arteriolar dilatation.
D) A erent arteriolar constriction.

3. ( C ) The clearance rate for a substance that is freely ltered, but neither
secreted nor reabsorbed by the kidney is equal to the_____ ?
A) Filtration fraction.
B) Renal plasma ow.
C) Glomerular ltration rate.
D) Urinary excretion rate of the substance.

4. ( C ) The plasma clearance of para-aminchippuric acid (PAH) is a measure

of renal plasma ow because it is:
A) Filtered, reabsorbed, and secreted.
B) Filtered, but not secreted or reabsorbed.
C) Filtered and secreted, but not reabsorbed.
D) Filtered and reabsorbed, but not secreted.
E) Secreted and reabsorbed, but not ltered.

5. ( E ) The following test results were obtained on specimens from a person

during a 24-hour period; Urine ow rate: 2.0 ml/min, Urine inulin; 100 mg/
100ml, plasma inulin; 1.0 mg/ 100 ml, Urine urea; 220 mmole/liter , plasma
urea; 5 mmole/liter.
A) 100 ml/min.
B) 185 ml/min.
C) 150 ml/min.
D) 175 ml/min.
E) 200 ml/min.
ff
ff
ff
fi
fl
ff
fl
fi
fl
fl
fi
fi
B. ( D ) What is the urea clearance ?
A) 4.4 ml/min.
B) 22 ml/min.
C) 44 ml/min.
D) 88 ml/min.
E) 440 ml/min.

6. ( B ) All of the following are actively reabsorbed from the pissimal tubules
except:
A) Sodium.
B) Urea.
C) Amino acids.

7. ( D ) Which of the following substances has the lowest rate of reabsorption

from the renal tubules?
A) Urea.
B) Sodium.
C) Glucose.
D) Creatinine.
E) Amino acids.

8. ( D ) Which of the following substances is actively secreted into the renal

tubules?
(a) Glucose.
(b) Sodium.
(c) Chloride.
(d) Potassium.
(e) Amino acids.

9. ( A ) The acute response to increased extracellular uid volume involves or

is associated with all of the following except:
A)Increased urine osmolarity.
B) Stretch of the two atria
C) Decreased sympathetic simulation of kidneys
D) Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone
E) Increased urine output
fl
10. ( E ) Increase plasma potassium concentration causes all of the following
except?
(a) Increased aldosterone release from adrenal cortex.
(b) Increased tubular secretion of potassium.
(c) Increased tubular reabsorption of sodium.
(d) Increased excretion of potassium in the urine.
(e) Decreased plasma sodium concentration.

11. ( A ) A notable e ect of ethanol consumption is that it ?

(a)Inhibits ADH release. ADH. (b)
Simulate ADH release. (c)
Inhibits the micturition re ex. (d)
Simulate the micturition re ex.

12. ( C ) Renal compensation for metabolic acidosis involves all of the

following except:
A) Increased tubular secretion of hydrogen ions.
B) Activation of the tubular ammonia bu er system.
C) Increased ltration of bicarbonate ions.
D) Increased excretion of hydrogen ions in the urine.

13. Directions. Match the values of pressure listed below with the appropriate
hydrostatic and colloid osmotic pressures:
A) 10 mmHg.
B) 18 mmHg.
C) 28 mmHg.
D) 32 mmHg.
E) 60 mmHg.
1. ( E ) Glomerular capillary pressure.
2. ( D ) Glomerular colloid osmotic pressure.
3. ( A ) Net glomerular ltration pressure.
4. ( B ) Hydrostatic pressure in Bowman's capsule.

14. ( 3 ) Capillary pressure in the renal glomeruli:

1. Is lower than pressure in e erent arteriole
2. Rises when the a erent arterioles constrict.
3. Is higher than most other capillaries in the body.
4. Falls by about 10% when arterial pressure falls by 10% from the normal level.
fi
ff
fi
ff
fl
fl
ff
ff
 15. ( 1 ) Renal clearance of ?
1. A substance is expressed in unit of volume per unit of time.
2. Urea is higher than that of inulin.
3. Chloride increases after an injection of aldosterone.
4. Para-aminohippuric acid (PAH) eventually rises as the plasma concentration of
PAH rises.

16. ( 1 ) Renal tubule normally reabsorb:

1. A volume of water every hour approximately equal to plasma volume.
2. All urea that is ltered.
3. Less chloride than potassium per unit time.
4. Amino acids, using passive transport systems.

17. ( 3 ) Tm (Transport Maximum) limited reabsorption implies that:

1. Reabsorption is passive.
2. The amount of reabsorption depends critically on the length of time the
substance is present FL in the tubules.
3. Below a threshold tubular load, the substance is completely reabsorbed.
4. The renal clearance of the substance that reabsorbed gradually falls as its plasma
concentration falls.

18. ( 1 ) In the nephron:

1. The uid in the tip of loop of Henle is hypertonic with respect to glomerular
ltrate.
2. Glomerular ltrate is hypotonic with respect to uid in the distal convoluted
tubule.
3. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) causes uid in collecting duct to be hypotonic with
respect to that in proximal convoluted tubule.
4. The uid at the end of proximal convoluted tubule is hypotonic with respect to
glomerular ltrate.

19. ( 1 ) evacuation of the bladder:

1. Depends on autonomic and higher central nervous control.
2. Follows activation of sympathetic nerve to the bladder
3. Is normally accompanied by re ux of bladder contents into the ureters.
4. Is prevented by destruction of hypogastric nerve.
fi
fl
fl
fi
fi
fi
fl
fl
fl
 20. ( 3 ) Urinary:
1. Speci c gravity in normal people should not lie outside the range of 1.010‒1.020.
2. Color is due mainly to the bile pigments.
3. PH falls as the protein content of a diet falls.
4. Excretion of calcium is decreased by parathormone.

21. ( 2 ) Urea:
1. Concentration. in blood may rise ten times after a large protein meal.
2. Increases the volume of urine when its concentration in blood rises.
3. Decrease in concentration as glomerular ltrate passes down the nephron.
4. Is actively secreted by cells of proximal convoluted tubules.

22. ( 2 ) Collecting ducts in the kidney:

1. Can secrete water actively into urino.
2. Are responsible for most of reabsorption of water that occurs in the kidney.
3. Does not determine the nal osmolality of urine.
4. Become impermeable to water by antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

23. ( 1 ) Drugs which interfere with active transport of sodium in the proximal
tubule tend to:
1. Increase urine production.
2. Increase plasma osmolality
3. Increase interstitial uid volume.
4. Decrease chloride excretion.

626
fi
fl
fi
fi