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Cells Basic Function & Structure

This document provides an overview of plant and animal cell structure and function. It notes that plant and animal cells are eukaryotic, with the key distinction being that plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells do not. The main parts of animal cells are then listed, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles like mitochondria and ribosomes, and the cytoskeleton. For plant cells, the main parts listed are the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuoles, nucleus, and chromosomes.

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Ezel May
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45 views2 pages

Cells Basic Function & Structure

This document provides an overview of plant and animal cell structure and function. It notes that plant and animal cells are eukaryotic, with the key distinction being that plant cells have a cell wall while animal cells do not. The main parts of animal cells are then listed, including the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, organelles like mitochondria and ribosomes, and the cytoskeleton. For plant cells, the main parts listed are the cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, chloroplasts, vacuoles, nucleus, and chromosomes.

Uploaded by

Ezel May
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GENERAL BIOLOGY 1

CELLS
BASIC STRUCTURE &
FUNCTION
_____________

PLANT & ANIMAL CELLS

★ Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic, which means they have nuclei. The distinction between them is that plant cells are
encased by a cell wall, whereas animal cells are not.

Parts of Animal Cell

1. Plasma membrane - “cells fortification”, separates the interior of the cell from the outside environment.
2. Cytoplasm -”cell environment”, fluid part enclosed by he membrane, contains organelles.
3. Nucleus - “cell brain”, contains most of the genetic material, in the form of DNA.
4. Endoplasmic Reticulum - “cell pipe system”, system of metabolic processes (smooth ER), protein manufacturing ribosomes
( rough ER).
5. Golgi apparatus - “cells delivery center”, it tags vesicles and protein to help them get carried to their correct
destinations.
6. Centrosome - “cell anchor”, organizes and produces the microtubles of the cell’s cytoskeleton.
7. Mitochondria - “cell’s powerplant”, produce energy for the cell, break down carbohydrates and some durations lipids to form
molecule ATP.
8. Ribosome - “cell’s factories”, translate RNA into proteins.
9. Lysosome - “cell stomach”, vesicles filled with digestive proteins, can absorb something and break it down into recyclable
pieces.
10. Peroxisome - “ cell firemen”, vesicle that defend (or neutralize) the cell from free radicals.
11. Cytoskeleton - “cell shapeshifter”, it modifies the cells shape and ensures mechanical resistance to deformation.
12. Vacuole - “cell compartments”, enclosed storage vessels which are filled with water containing inorganic and organic
molecules.

Parts of Plant cell

1. Cell wall - Surround and protect the cell make the cell stiff and strong.
2. Cell membrane - hold and protect the cell. It also control the movement of materials into and out of the cell.
3. Cytoplasm - watery, gel-like material in which cell parts move.
4. Mitochondria - produce and supply most of the energy for the cell.
5. Choloplasts - contains chlorophyll and capture the energy of sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.
6. Vacuoles - store food, water, and chemicals.
7. Nucleus - act as the “brain” of the cell. It also regulate and control all cell activities.
8. Nuclear membrane - surround and protect the nucleus. It is also the exist in the nucleus.
9. Chromosomes - also known as the “director of the cell” because it is the direct cell activities.

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