':;(CUU, r.

,
Linear Functions ft [X; '

IJI A line l passes through the point (3, -1) and DID Whic~ of the following represents the .t~
has a slope of 1, a line m passes through
the points (1, 2) and (3, 8). Lines z and m
efuation of t~e line with an x - intercept of J., {G~~
- and a y - mtercept of 3?
intersect at the point (a, b). What is the value 2 . ~10;
of a-b? I
A) y=2x+3 I

B) y - 5 = -2(x - 4)
\ .Y 1- 11
1 (/ I /,.
C) y+5=-2(x-4) I I
\ I
D) y - 5 = 2(x + 4) Y,·
\ \ I j
ID A line / passes through the points (-1, 4) and \ \ I ·1
' ' ~ \_.,11.
(0, 6), a line m passes through point (3,7) and
has a slope of 3. Lines I and m intersect at l.:.'-~\I
the point (a,b). What is the value of b? :: ":v-...4... ....)(''=
., i
1
' . /11 Tt' 'i
/ I I I I·•,
/ I I I I

I \'
I I -
I I \

l1!III A line l passes through point (4, -3) and

has a slope of-2, a line m passes through the
IJID Which of the following represents the equa-
tion of the line with an x - intercept of -5
· and ay- intercept of 3?
km: \
1

;£.,~ i ·
points (2,4) and (6, 6). Lines land m intersect
at the point (a,b). What is the value of a?
fX 2. .:,

A) y-3 = 2(x + 5)
B) y=-5x+ J
C) 2(y + 3) = + 10
D) 5(y + 2) = 3x + 25

Linem Linen
X y X y
-1 -12 -2 1 \
0 -7 0 5
.2~:i
1 -2 2 9 , I(} r
2 3 4 13 -1.S '-s

D!D The tables above represent points through 111D Line l in the xy - plane contains the points
from Quadrants II and N, but no points from
.,1/i1
which lines m and n pass through. What is Quadrants I and III. Which of the following - J. /
the x - coordinate of the intersection of these
must be true?
two lines?
I
A) The slope of the line is positive
B) The slope of the line is negative
C) The slope of the line is zero
D) The slope of the line is undefmed

29
 lr.uit
Linear Functions
9X
,-I
11111 Line I in the xy - plane contains the points
frorn Quadrants II and ill, but no points from
DD Line m has an equation y = 2. Line n is
perpendicular to line m. Which of the following
--
t/J:2~
Jc·;t'
Quadrants I and IV. Which of the following may be the equation of the line n?
must be true?
c'l:., 10
A) Y=-2 I

A) The slope of the line l is positive B) y = 2x+ 5 ~ ·c____t

)
Ji
-- t
B) The slope of the line l is negative C) X=Y I

D) X=2-
C) The slope of the line l is zero >.,,..--
\ I
D) The slope of the line l is undefined • \ I

'xr,
\ \ \ I
(f
·<
\I " . . Y' ,11 J ,

, '
1\
I I t :

B Which of the following is the ~uation of the

DD Line / has an equation x = -5. Line k is I I I I
I
perpendicular to line l. Which of the following t-
line perpendicular to the x - axis and 2 units i I I
may be the equation of the line k?
'
I

to the left of they- axis? , _ I

A) y=-5x+2 I
A) y = 2 Cv
B) y=x
B)_y =-2
C) X =-2 -
r C) y=3
D) x=5 -,-
D) x=2
' " -

11D Which of the following is the equation of the

11D Line a has an equation x = 3. Line b is parallel
to line a. Which of the following may be the
line parallel to the x - axis and 4 units to the '
equation of the line b?
up of the x - axis?
A) x=2
j_i)
_,r-..7 -:.
9
A) y =--4 -, I() 1
B) y=3 _,s ' ~ \)
B) Y=4
C) y= 3x+ 5
C) X=4
D) y= 5x+ 3
D) X =--4

31
 I
ml y=-x+3
I
I I

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-10
 Linear Functions

X j(x)
)'
-1 15
0 12
1 9

X
2 6

lllil The table above shows some values of the

linear function J for selected values of x.
Which of the following represents the
function fl
Figure not drawn to scale
A) j(x) = 14-x
ml The line shown in the xy - plane above B) j(x) = 12 + 3x
passes through the origin and point (x,y),
C) j(x) = 12 - 2x
where x < y . Which of the following could
be the slope of the line? D) j(x) ·= 12 - 3x

5
A)
2
2
B) 5
Years since Projected price of
C) -% 2017 a certain computer brand

2 0 $2000
D)-5 1 $1800
2 $1600
3 $1400
y
4 $1200

IDI Which of the following equations best describes

the linear relationship shown in the table
between p, projected price of a certain computer
brand, andy, number of years since 2017?

A) p=2000+200y
B) p=2000-200y
C) p = 1200 + 200y
DD Line l in the xy - plane above can be repre- D) p = 1600 + 200y
sented by the equation y = mx + b. Which
of the following must be true?

A) mb=0
B) mb<0
C) mb> O
D) mb=-2

35
 Linear Functions
1D~
't

-
.,
am A linear function is given by a.x + by =
~<l
~p and C
a, b, and c are positive numbers. Which of
e---
i the following graphs best represents the graph
,_
I of the function? r-f 101
-J
- r:}:..,I

-
I y I

j ;j 1.1t
1
I U I 1L
j
'\ I
0 ,0
7 \...---i--
1 I
ii 1 m X \ \ I
,y,.
\ \ I ''
1111 The graph above shows how much fee, p, in '0\11,,
dollars, John has been paying to the gym for
m months. Which of the following represents
the line on the graph?
A) ,,·,;:;\,~?.
y If I \
I I I I
A) p = 10m + 10 ~ -
B) p = 20m + l0 , I I
I
C) p = 10m + 20 I
D) p = m + 10 X

B)
y

number ol
nMOle
J

i/
J
V
100 '
I/ .
0 5 T( "Cl
) I )

'
Ill The graph above shows the correlatio n
/
I (1 r
between the number of people, n, on the C)
seashore in summer and the temperature, T, y
at that time. Which of the following represents
the line of the graph?

A) n = 30 T
B) n = 30T+ 25
C) n = 30T-750
D) n=25T-750

D) .J

37
 Linear Functions

~y

-
·w
ll ~~+t+
I I

- I
I
I I I
I I

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i....-
5 I I i
I :
I I I I
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---- I I I I
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_,,,.
1
--- i
I I
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T I

I l i
J

0 1
rx ! I I l .,171 I
/
/ -10 I I -5 0 I~ ' 5 I ' 110
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¾
X
V I l I

=fttt
I I

L.......... TI I I

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i I 11~

I..-"' I I I I

_, I I I
L.
7 I I i
I _L-LJ_J_
I -,io I I I I

11D If the point C (not s~o~), with coordinates IDI If the point E (not shown), with coordinates
(n, 38), lies on the line in the figure above,
(a, 52), lies on the hne m the figure above,
what is the value of n?
what is the value of a?

' i_j_J '10 I I i I

i\. !Y I I iI l
I I i I
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i
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f-\=+-j--'-;
T . -
# ~LL.
----mt~fil~4T-~
---
,,...,:> ::i,,,,
/'-~

I() ( -
I I I
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I I I I
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*t __[ \ .-~f\ --•-

_ _j_[_C---- _J__
I ·110
- .! i-
l - -
I
r·-,
r
i
' --
1·

IDJ If the point X (not shown), with coordinates

(-27, b), lies on the line in the figure above,
what is the value of b?

39
 1,,,.. .
v: · ( Vj -
1
SAT Math Practice Book
1 YI")' r
:::-~'IV
' " ,
- i.. n•rallel and Perp~cular Lines
. rji .
r11 ' ,J iag Line / is parallel to the line descnbed by the 3
,, e; ' T-;fc;Tu I equation 6x _ 13y = I 6. What is the slope of Dml Line "! has a slop~ of _s and passes throu
I ,~ /? the pomt (2, 3). lfline / 1s perpendicuiartof
"s;f/= s 11.'l 8 the line .
m and pas~es the same point (2, 3), Which ~
,,;:,l the followmg could be the equation of 1· 0
lllef/
.L "
5
A) y=--x+3
,~I{ ( -r;. 3

~s . ,;- W -
DD Line / is perpendicular to the line desc~bed
by the equation 3x + I Oy = -13. What 1s the
B) y=3x+3
5

5
19

19
slope of the line /? C) y=--x+-
3 3
V
-~©} ( D) y=-x--
5 1

~i
3 3

I _...._

~1
-:@ (119 Which of the following is an equation for the 111 Line m has a slope of 3 and passes through
ii ,.J ~ line passing through the point (-2, 3) that is
the point (6, 3). If line n is perpendicular
1 <A..:,c. parallel to 9x- 3y =-18?
.f. 3A. to line m and passes through the same point
'(; / = A) y = 3x - 3 (6, 3), which of the following could be the
equation of line n?
:cSi-n B) y=3x+9
C) Y=-3x-9 I
A) y==-x+6
D) Y=-3x-3 3
1
B) y=--x+3
3
C) y =3x+6
1
D) y=--x+5
3
Ill Which of the following is an equation for the
line passing through the point (-2, 3) that is
perpendicular to 9x- 3y =-18?
I
· x-
:~91:... A)y=-_!_x _ _?_
3 3
i 11D Line m has a slope of -3 and a negative
5 • . JS
intercept. Line / passes through the onglD,
.

~- 1· 1 11 .
perpendicular . tersects
to the line m, an d 10 b
B) Y=-x+- . . t e
3 3 hne m at the point (c - 1, c). What 18
value of c?
I 7
C) Y=--x+-
3 3
1 7
D) Y==-x+-
2 3

40
r = - .. --- · - ~~v •~.., j/ - 1Ullc:Il;ept Inean i

'g;. ,
'(,
,_
Questions 159-162 refer to the information below.
graph of the line?

A) The initial price of the spinner

n the

- S\ 1.) -9 , J>rofit (p
B) The cost of making spinners
I C) The initial number of spinners
D) The number of spinners sold each day

r•u•
L I

0 h
/ spinners (1) I
I
I
I/ I
I
V I
I
V
.{ . : llD Which of the following represents the

l'\f
'-
V relationship between p and s?
l I

A) p = -10s + 500
The relationship between profit, p, in dollars, B) s = 1Op - 500
and the number of spinners, s, sold by the
0
C) p = 10s + 500
manufacturer is graphed in the xy - plane.
.... D) p = 10s - 500
.- -(jl 1r
15 \
I'd
,Jw 3-_ -------·-------
, U.f m What does the slope of the line represent?
! . Grades- the.,,...

-.svvr A) The profit from each spinner •r

. . .
:x. - ,fr. B) The cost of each spinner
. ".;-

:t-,..,./a C) The number of spinners that need to be

" :L

,,:td
V
. .
sold to break-even
L'. I"
/'
. .
D) The initial cost to produce the spinners /'
~).-· ...,V V"
.
f;J~fg so .
o,
lmlJ What does the s - intercept mean in the ,
graph of the line? Im
0 10

A math professor presented seatterplot above

d
-
Ti spelll IIUdyiDa (min)

f · utesastu e01
:~)I, that correlates the munb er O mm dent
spent studying and the results of tbat stu ?
A) Each spinner must be sold for at least $50
on the exam. What is the meaning of tbe slope,
-~ B) Each day, the manufacturer must sell
50 spinners A) The rate of change ofr • . spent studying
trme
C) It costs $50 to make each spinner based on a student's e m reSults
D) The manufacturer needs to sell SO spinners B) The average grade o the exam
to cover its expenses C) The rate of change / of student' s exaJll
results based on time spent studying
D) The slope has no meaning
44
 Linear Functions 4[;C
------ ....------ n~
.... - -~
The population of a city Xis approximated
by the equation P = 3500t + 20000,. where
The population of a county A is approximated J,, (r~O
by the equation P = 4000t + 100000, where J:, 1
p is the population of the city, and t is the P is the population of the county, and tis the 1 ,,t
1
number of years that have passed since 2010. year. The population of the county in 2000 1 Y l: t
Toe population of the city in 2010 was 20000, was 8100000, and it is increasing at a constant \ 0 : L
and it is increasing at a constant rate of 3500 rate of 4000 people per year. \ I
people per year.
%,
\ \ I I

\ n,·\ \ I .'
\ \ I

:~j
' \I , /

,,~.
Ill Which of the following represents the um Which of the following represents the / / / I I \
//// I''
population of city X m years after 201 0? population of county A p years after 2000? / .../ , I
I 4--
/ I I
A) p = 3500(m - 2010) + 20000 A) P = 4000(p + 2000) + 100000 1
1 I 1
B) P = 3500m + 20000 B) P = 4000p + 100000 / I
C) p = 3500(2010- m) + 20000 C) P = 4000(2000 - p) + 100000 \

D) P = 3500(m + 2010) + 20000 D) P = 4000(p-2000) + 100000 '

~gJ;;
xz -,
~,,
1 r;fl:=-
+~
I

1111 Which of the followi_ng repr~sents the\ ~ ~

-!?(X:
Im Which of the following represents the
population of county A m year q · "'-
population of city X in year n?
A) p = 4000(q + _2000) + 100000
A) p = 3500(n + 2010) + 20000
B) p = 4000q + 100000 \
B) P = 3500n + 20000
C) p = 4000(q-2000) + 100000 9

_____. _____
_;I)
C) p = 3500(n _ 2010) + 20000 _,,rv(SV ,1

D) p = 4000(2000-q) + 100000 -. I() r-

D) p = 3500(2010-n) + 20000 :1S I
..L
s

45 )~
 \'...::"'.'",,:
~-
'Q-nl C
Linear Functions i :):;
II There are 100 liters of water in a pool. After mJ An electrician charges an initial fee of $40 "l.~
a hose was turned on the water in a pool
started to increase at a constant rate of 30
and an additional $8 for every .!.. hour of J.. fr .
3 \ •
liters per 2 minutes. Which of the following work. The electrician worked for h hours, 10
represents the amount of water, in liters, as and the total charge for the job was $112. /1., 1
a function of time t, in 2-minute intervals? Which of the following equations models 1 ,1,

this situation? ·. Y }-<;

A) y = 30t + 100 \0 ' L.
I I
B) y = I.5t + 100 A) (40+8)-h=112 \
C) y= lOOt ;+- 1.5 1
B) 40+8·-h=112 \ \ I I
D) y= I5t+ 100 3 \ \ I .'
' \ \ .
C) 40+8·3h=112 \. I'
' I I/
D) 40+ 8h = 112
-~/
- i' j:l
...,,., / '
-;\
IJ ,.
..,. / / I I'''
/ I I I I \\
I I I I
I .
, .;.____j_.
I_...._
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.' I II I
1E1 A hiker descends from the mountain of a DD Steven's cell phone plan costs $30 per I 1,
height of 400 miles at a constant rate of 30 month plus $0.07 per text message. Steven's ' .1 I~
miles every IO minutes. Which of the fol- latest monthly bill was $40.71. How many ,,. A, . \
lowing represents the hiker's altitude, in text messages did he send that month? ~ .
1 2 .
miles, as a function of time t, in 20-minute ,{, r....x -.;
--=;-
intervals, since the beginning of the trip?

A) y = 400 - 30t
i x~
B) y=400-3t - [i1 1·

C) y = 400 - I 5t ~4;~
D) y=400-60t l
,,

·- -r
'

The Sunshine Resort charges $120 per night ),J) ~j_

III A translator charges a $20 base fee plus an DD for a double room, and a one-time parking ry- I (I ) ni.·'
additional $16 for every 2- hour of service. fee of $35. In addition, there is a 4.5% state :o,s i +-s ~<, t
4 tax on room charges, but no tax on parking
If the translator charged $340 for the job, for fee. Which of the following represents the
how much time, in hours, did the translator total charge, d, in dollars, for a double room,
charge? parking, and taxes for a stay of n nights at : _
l! ·.-
the Sunshine Resort? r :·
A) d = I.045(I20n + 35) t. .,11 --•.

B) d = 120n + 35 . T l(L ' f v~.r

C) d I 20n + I J045 · 35 ·:,.""-.8. u-'
. I -~ J
D) d = I.045. qon + 35 ·~
- ,rt~--~-
-.··r,;~1 ' ,1 0

49 ",)_ - ! '·
. ·l:'"i I ,
 SAT Math Practice Book

DD When Alex rented the bicycle for 2 hours, , U= 3200 + km

the charge was $6. When he rented the bicycle : ml On January 1, 2012, there were 3200 users
the next day from the same company for : on a certain social mobile app. On January
I
5 hours, he was charged $18. Assuming the 1, 2016, the same app had 42000 users. Un-
s, ,i d cost of renting a bicycle from this company : fortunately, the app's administrators re-
is a linear, which function would represent : cently lost all their data due to a glitch in the
the charge, y, to rent a bicycle for x hours? : system, so they want to restore their histor-
I
I ical data of users with the equation above to
A) y=2x+ 6 I
I be able to approximate the number of users
I
B) y=Sx+ 18 I
I in the app. If U represents the approximate
I
C) y=4x I
I number of users of these app m months after
D) y=4x-2 , January 1, 2012, which of the following is
I the closest to the value that the administra-
'
,,. tors should use for k?

,,, A) 9700
B) 250
I
C) 808
D) 3233

f '
'
;- CJ.. ::r I

-u:·--; 3_ DD Five years ago, County X started collecting

income taxes. The initial tax was 2% of the
~swi: total income, but the County raised the tax
to 3 .5% this year. Assuming this trend
.x - ./i. continues linearly, which of the following :
i-~f1-'(i. equations can be used to describe the :
.. percentage of tax, t, y years after the County :I
'/ I .,
began collecting taxes? :
:;_ I
'' ~1- I
I
.,,..., .f.'r-r A) t == 7 y + 2 I
I
I
r..P_ ·1.;19. I
() _
3
(I -...___._
B) t=-y+3.5
:· V .1,
10
,·· :C, ,T 3
C) t=-y+2
10
10
D) t=-y+2
3
--~
< '
~.
-..
 \~ _\-\--\~ I I '

'ath Practice Book

1111 A telecommunication company offers a plan

J1-r:,Lf 111111 To edit a written work Peter charges $30 for according to which you are charged $10 and
7} : 'J1, l; !J; the first 2 hours and $IO per hour thereafter. then, starting with the fifth minute you are
, Which of the following expresses the charged $2 for each minute you talk. How
amount d, in dollars, Peter charges for x much money are you charged if you talk 15
hours of his job, where x > 2?
minutes?
••• .I
~· A)d = lOx
A) 30
f.! B) d = \Ox + 10
( ""1"
B) 32
ti; · i!:t C) d = \Ox + 20
.... C) 40
't
D) d = \Ox+ 30
/{#i: D) 50
~., 1'~,·{....\.,,

A communication company charges $5 for El!I A bike rental charges $7 for the first hour and
ml $3 per half an hour thereafter. For how many
the first hour of a call and $8 per hour
thereafter. Which of the following represents hours did Steve rent a bike if he was charged
the amount d, in dollars, the company $19?
1 '• charges for h hours of a telephone call,
~LJch where h > l?
. , ~'
A) d = 8h + 5
J'., ~· B) d = Sh+ 8
-~ .,.
.... s{IV:,
C) d = 8h + 3
D) d = Sh - 3

c1
~'
'tp,
~-··P...o.T IIDI Derek is training for an upcoming race. In
-- "' _,_,. BIii A taxi service company charges $3.5 for the
-:.·.A, , the first week he swam 2 km. Every week
first 2 miles and $12 for every additional
after that initial week, he adds an extra 3 km
eij 4 miles. If Michael is charged $45.5 for
to his training. Which of the following
"' a ride by this taxi service company, how
represents the km, k, the runner will swim
::>-.., · - ·... t many miles did he ride?
'"';;,-....J:::/1~ ., on the nth. week of his training?
~~ l,.-
A) k = 3n + 2 A) 3.5
B) k = 2n + 3 B) 5.5
t~/$'
-~ C) k = 311 - l C) 14
D) k =-211 + 3 D) 16
/~]~

52