Cambridge Assessment International Education

Cambridge International Advanced Level

FURTHER MATHEMATICS 9231/21

Paper 2 May/June 2019
MARK SCHEME
Maximum Mark: 100

Published

This mark scheme is published as an aid to teachers and candidates, to indicate the requirements of the
examination. It shows the basis on which Examiners were instructed to award marks. It does not indicate the
details of the discussions that took place at an Examiners’ meeting before marking began, which would have
considered the acceptability of alternative answers.

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Mark schemes should be read in conjunction with the question paper and the Principal Examiner Report for
Teachers.

Cambridge International will not enter into discussions about these mark schemes.

Cambridge International is publishing the mark schemes for the May/June 2019 series for most
Cambridge IGCSE™, Cambridge International A and AS Level and Cambridge Pre-U components, and
some Cambridge O Level components.

This document consists of 17 printed pages.

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Generic Marking Principles

These general marking principles must be applied by all examiners when marking candidate answers. They should be applied alongside the
specific content of the mark scheme or generic level descriptors for a question. Each question paper and mark scheme will also comply with these
marking principles.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 1:

Marks must be awarded in line with:

• the specific content of the mark scheme or the generic level descriptors for the question
• the specific skills defined in the mark scheme or in the generic level descriptors for the question
• the standard of response required by a candidate as exemplified by the standardisation scripts.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 2:

Marks awarded are always whole marks (not half marks, or other fractions).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 3:

Marks must be awarded positively:

• marks are awarded for correct/valid answers, as defined in the mark scheme. However, credit is given for valid answers which go beyond the
scope of the syllabus and mark scheme, referring to your Team Leader as appropriate
• marks are awarded when candidates clearly demonstrate what they know and can do
• marks are not deducted for errors
• marks are not deducted for omissions
• answers should only be judged on the quality of spelling, punctuation and grammar when these features are specifically assessed by the
question as indicated by the mark scheme. The meaning, however, should be unambiguous.

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 4:

Rules must be applied consistently e.g. in situations where candidates have not followed instructions or in the application of generic level
descriptors.

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GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 5:

Marks should be awarded using the full range of marks defined in the mark scheme for the question (however; the use of the full mark range may
be limited according to the quality of the candidate responses seen).

GENERIC MARKING PRINCIPLE 6:

Marks awarded are based solely on the requirements as defined in the mark scheme. Marks should not be awarded with grade thresholds or
grade descriptors in mind.

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Mark Scheme Notes

The following notes are intended to aid interpretation of mark schemes in general, but individual mark schemes may include marks awarded for
specific reasons outside the scope of these notes.

Types of mark

M Method mark, awarded for a valid method applied to the problem. Method marks are not lost for numerical errors, algebraic slips or errors
in units. However, it is not usually sufficient for a candidate just to indicate an intention of using some method or just to quote a formula;
the formula or idea must be applied to the specific problem in hand, e.g. by substituting the relevant quantities into the formula. Correct
application of a formula without the formula being quoted obviously earns the M mark and in some cases an M mark can be implied from a
correct answer.

A Accuracy mark, awarded for a correct answer or intermediate step correctly obtained. Accuracy marks cannot be given unless the
associated method mark is earned (or implied).

B Mark for a correct result or statement independent of method marks.

Abbreviations

AEF/OE Any Equivalent Form (of answer is equally acceptable) / Or Equivalent

AG Answer Given on the question paper (so extra checking is needed to ensure that the detailed working leading to the result is valid)

CAO Correct Answer Only (emphasising that no “follow through” from a previous error is allowed)

CWO Correct Working Only – often written by a ‘fortuitous’ answer

ISW Ignore Subsequent Working

SOI Seen or implied

SC Special Case (detailing the mark to be given for a specific wrong solution, or a case where some standard marking practice is to be
varied in the light of a particular circumstance)

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

1(i) aR = 2 (dθ /dt)2 = 2 (2 sin 2t)2 = 2 (2 sin π/3) 2 M1 Verify radial acceleration aR at t = π/6 from rω2

= 2 (√3) 2 = 6 [m s-2] AG A1

1(ii) aT = 2 d2θ /dt2 = 2 (4 cos 2t) = 2 (4 cos π/3) M1 Find transverse acceleration aT at t = π/6 by differentiation

= 4 [m s-2] A1

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

2(i) vB = 2vA , vB2 = 4 vA2 , ω2 (a2 – 12) = 4ω2 (a2 – 3⋅52) M1 Find amplitude a: allow M1 for vA = 2 vB

3 a2 = 48, a = [±] 4 [m] A1

1 = aω2, ω = 1/√a [ = ½] B1 Find ω from given maximum acceleration

vO = aω = √a = 2 [m s-1] B1 Find speed vO at O

2(ii) ω tAB = sin-1 (3.5/a) + sin-1(1/a) M1 A1 Find equation (AEF) for ω tAB, combining tA and tB,
= sin-1 0⋅875 + sin-1 0⋅25 using for example x = a sin ωt allow sign errors for the M1

= 1⋅065 + 0⋅253 (or tAB = 2⋅131 + 0⋅505) A1 or x = a cos ωt

tAB = 2 × 1⋅318 = 2⋅64 [s] A1 Hence find tAB

Alternative method for question 2(ii)

ω tAB = cos-1 (–1/a) – cos-1(3.5/a) M1 A1 or x = a cos ωt

-1 -1
= cos (–0⋅25) – cos 0⋅875
or π – cos-1 0⋅25 – cos-1 0⋅875 (AEF)

= 1⋅823 – 0⋅505 (or tAB = 3⋅647 – 1⋅011) A1

tAB = 2 × 1⋅318 = 2⋅64 [s] A1 Hence find tAB

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(i) 2mvA + 4mvB = 4mu – 4mu [vA + 2vB = 0] (AEF) M1 Use conservation of momentum for A and B (m may be omitted)

vB – vA = e (2u + u) [vB – vA = 3eu] M1 Use Newton’s restitution law with consistent LHS signs

vA = – 2eu and vB = eu A1 Combine to find vA and vB (A0 if directions unclear)

3(ii) [4mvB′] + mvC = 4mvB – (4/3) mu (AEF) M1 Use conservation of momentum for B & C (m may be omitted)

vC [– vB′] = e (vB + 4u/3) M1 Use Newton’s restitution law

4vB – (4/3) u = evB + 4eu/3, 4e – 4/3 = e2 + 4e/3 M1 Combine to find quadratic equation for e using vB′ = 0

3e2 – 8e + 4 = 0, e = 2/3 [vC = 4u/3] A1 Find value of e, (implicitly) rejecting e = 2

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

3(iii) M1 vA = – (4/3) u , [vB = (2/3) u], vC = (4/3) u

2 2 2
For A: Loss = ½ 2m(2u) - ½ 2m(4/3u) = (20/9) mu One correct
For B: Loss = ½ 4m u2 = ½ mu2
For C: Loss = 0 M1 Other two correct

Einitial – Efinal or L1 + L2 = (38/9) mu2 A1 Hence find loss in KE

Alternative method for question 3(iii)

Einitial = ½ 2m(2u)2 + ½ 4mu2 + ½ m(4u/3)2 M1 Find initial KE of 3 particles in terms of m and u

= 4mu2 + 2mu2 + (8/9) mu2 = (62/9) mu2

Efinal = ½ 2mvA2 [+ ½ 4mvB′ 2 ] + ½ mvC 2 M1 Find final KE of 3 particles in terms of m and u

= (16/9) mu2 + (8/9) mu2 = (24/9) mu2

Einitial – Efinal or L1 + L2 = (38/9) mu2 A1 Hence find loss in KE

Alternative method for question 3(iii)

L1 = ½ 2m(2u)2 + ½ 4mu2 – ½ 2mvA2 – ½ 4mvB 2 M1 Find losses in KE in both collisions in terms of m and u
= 4mu2 + 2mu2 – (16/9) mu2 – (8/9) mu2 = (30/9) mu2

L2 = ½ 4mvB 2 + ½ m(4u/3)2 – [½ 4mvB′ 2 ] – ½ mvC 2 M1

= (8/9) mu2 + (8/9) mu2 – (8/9) mu2 = (8/9) mu2

Einitial – Efinal or L1 + L2 = (38/9) mu2 A1 Hence find loss in KE

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

4 A: T × 5a/2 sin (π – 2θ) – W × 2a sin θ = 0 M1 A1 Take moments for rod about one chosen point
[sin θ = 2/√5, cos θ = 1/√5, sin (π – 2θ) = sin 2θ = 4/5]
C: FA × 5a/2 sin θ – RA × 5a/2 cos θ – W × ½ a sin θ = 0

B: FA × 4a sin θ – RA × 4a cos θ – W × 2a sin θ

+ T × 3a/2 sin (π – 2θ) = 0

G: FA × 2a sin θ – RA × 2a cos θ – T × ½ a sin (π – 2θ) = 0

(G is mid-point of AB)

D: RA × 5a cos θ – W × 2a sin θ = 0

RA = T sin θ B1 Find two more independent equations

FA = W – T cos θ
B1 e.g. resolution of forces on rod (a second moment equation may be
used)

FA = µRA B1 Relate FA and RA (may be implied)

T = (2W sin θ ) / (5/2 sin 2θ ) = 2W / (5 cos θ ) M1 Find T by any method (e.g. from moments about A)

= 2W/√5 or (2√5/5) W or 0⋅894 W A1

FA = (3/5) W and RA = (4/5) W M1 A1 Find or imply FA and RA by any method (e.g. from resolutions)
µ = ¾ or 0⋅75 and hence µ

A1

10

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

5(i) Irod = ⅓ kMa2 B1 Find or state MI of rod AB about axis L

Isphere = ⅔ kM (2a)2 + kM (3a)2 [= (35k/3) Ma2] M1 A1 M1 for one term correct, A1 for both terms correct

Iring = ½ × Ma2 + M (2a)2 [= (9/2) Ma2] M1 A1 M1 for one term correct, A1 for both terms correct

I = (k/3 + 35k/3 + 9/2) Ma2 = (3/2) (8k + 3) Ma2 AG A1 MI of object about axis L

5(ii) [–] I d2θ/dt2 = – kMg × 3a sin θ + Mg × 2a sin θ M1 A1 Use equation of circular motion to find d2θ/dt2 where θ is angle
[ = – (3k – 2) Mga sin θ ] of rod with vertical

d2θ/dt2 = – {2g (3k – 2) / 3a(8k + 3)} θ (AEF) M1 Approximate sin θ by θ to give standard form of SHM equation
(M0 if wrong sign or cos θ ≈ θ used)

SHM if 3k – 2 > 0, k > 2/3 M1 A1 Find possible values of k

T = 2π √{3a(8k + 3) / 2g (3k – 2)} A1 Find period T

or π √{6a(8k + 3) / g (3k – 2)}

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

6(i) Mean = 3 B1 State mean of X

6(ii) P(X = 6) = q5 p with p = 1/3, q = 2/3 (AEF) B1 Find probability of score of 3 or 4 on exactly 6 throws
= 32/729 or 0⋅0439

6(iii) P(X > 4) = q4 = 16/81 or 0⋅1975 or 0⋅198 M1 A1 Find probability of score of 3 or 4 on more than 4 throws

6(iv) 1 – qn – 1 < 0⋅95 (AEF) M1 Formulate condition for n (1 – qn is M0)

0⋅05 < (2/3) n – 1 , n – 1 < log 0⋅05 / log 2/3 M1 Set q = 2/3, rearrange and take logs (any base) to give bound

n – 1 < 7⋅39, nmax = 8 A1 Find nmax (> or = can earn M1 M1 A0, max 2/3)

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

7(i) F(x) = ∫ f(x) dx = – 3/(4x) + x/4 [+ c] M1 Find or state distribution function F(x) for 1 ≤ x≤ 3

= – 3/(4x) + x/4 + ½ or ¼ (– 3/x + x + 2) A1 using F(1) = 0 or F(3) = 1 to find c if necessary

F(x) = 0 (x < or ≤ 1), F(x) = 1 (x > or ≥ 3) A1 State F(x) for other values of x

7(ii) ∫1Q f(x) dx = – 3/4Q + Q/4 + ½ = ¼ [or ¾] (AEF) M1 Formulate equation for either quartile value Q

Q2 + [or – ] Q – 3 = 0 A1

Q1 = ½ (– 1 + √13), Q3 = ½ (1 + √13) A1 A1 Find lower quartile Q1 and upper quartile Q3

Q3 – Q1 = 1 A1 Find interquartile range

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

8 H0: µb – µe = 0⋅05, H1: µb – µe > 0⋅05 (AEF) B1 State both hypotheses (B0 for x … )

di: 0⋅10 0⋅07 0⋅03 0⋅03 0⋅21 0⋅19 (or in sec) M1 Consider differences di from e.g. xb – ye

d = 0⋅63 / 6 = 0⋅105 (or 6⋅3 sec) B1 Find sample mean

s2 = (0⋅0969 – 0⋅632/6) / 5 M1 Estimate population variance

[ = 123/20 000 or 0⋅00615 or 0⋅07842 ] (or 22⋅14) (allow biased here: [41/8000 or 0⋅005125 or 0⋅07162 ])

t5, 0.9 = 1⋅476 (to 3 sf) B1 State or use correct tabular t-value

t = ( d – 0⋅05) / (s/√6) = 1⋅72 M1 A1 Find value of t

(or compare d − 0⋅05 = 0⋅055 with (t5, 0.9)s/√6 = 0⋅0473)

[Reject H0:] Evidence for organiser’s belief B1 FT on both t-values

or times improve by more than 0⋅05 min (AEF) Consistent conclusion

SC Wrong type of hypothesis test can earn only

B1 for hypotheses
B1FT for conclusion (max 2/8)

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

9 (i) E3 = (3/16) ∫1.62.4 (4 – x)1/2 dx M1 State or imply expression for required expected value E3 of X
= (3/16) [ – (2/3) (4 – x)3/2 ] 1.62.4

= (2⋅43/2 – 1⋅63/2) / 8 = 1⋅694/8 or 0⋅2118 A1 Find expected value E3 (may be implied in finding 50 E3)
(M1 A1 requires adequate explicit working)

50 E3 = 10⋅59 AG A1 Hence verify corresponding expected frequency

9(ii) H0: Distribution fits data (AEF) B1 State (at least) null hypothesis in full

Oi 18 16 8 8 M1 Combine values consistent with all exp. values ≥ 5

Ei : 14⋅22 12⋅54 10⋅59 12⋅65
X2 = 1⋅005 + 0⋅955 + 0⋅633 + 1⋅709 = 4⋅30 M1 A1 Find value of X2 from Σ (Ei – Oi)2 / Ei [or Σ Oi2/Ei – n ]

No. n of cells: 5 4 3 B1 FT on number, n, of cells used to find X2

χn-1, 0.95 :
2
9⋅488 7⋅815 5⋅991 (to 3 s.f.) State or use consistent tabular value χn-1, 0.95 2

Accept H0 if X2 < tabular value (AEF) M1 State or imply valid method for conclusion

4⋅30 [± 0⋅01] < 7⋅81[5] so distribution fits [data] A1 Conclusion (requires both values approx. correct)
or distribution is a suitable model (AEF)

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

10(i) Σ x = 25, Σ y = 25 + q, Σ xy = 135 + 4q, B1 Find required values

Σ x2 = 141, Σ y2 = 159 + q2

Sxy = 135 + 4q – 25(25 + q)/5 = [10 – q] (AEF) M1 A1 (Sxy , Sxx , Syy may be scaled by the same constant)
[ Sxx = 141 – 252/5 = 16 ]
Syy = (159 + q2) – (25 + q)2/5 [= 34 – 10q + 4q2/5 ]

40 – 4q = 170 – 50q + 4q2, 2 q2 – 23q + 65 = 0 M1 A1 Equate gradient 5/4 in line of x on y to Sxy / Syy
(2q – 13)(q – 5) = 0, q = 5 and solve quadratic to find integer value of q

10(ii) c = 25/5 – (5/4)(25 + q)/5 = – (5 + q) / 4 M1 A1 Find c from x – (5/4) y

= – 5/2 or – 2⋅5 A1

10(iii) r = Sxy / √(Sxx Syy) = 5 / √(16 × 4) M1 A1 Find correlation coefficient r

= 5/8 or 0⋅625 A1

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

11E(i) M1 A1 uP is speed of P at lowest point, vQ is speed of Q immediately after

collision.
½muP2 = ½m (21ag/2) + mga [uP2 = (25/2) ag] Apply conservation of energy at lowest point (A0 if no m)

½ 4mvQ2 = 4mag M1 Find speed vQ at lowest point by conservation of energy

(A0 if no m)

vQ = √(2ag) or 1⋅41√(ag) or 4⋅47√a A1

muP = [±] mvP + 4mvQ M1 Find vP using conservation of momentum (m may be omitted)

vP = [±] (– 5/√2 + 4√2) √(ag) A1

vP = (3/√2) √(ag) or 2⋅12 √(ag) or 0⋅671√a (AEF) A1 Hence find speed of P

11E(ii) VP is speed of P when it loses contact M1 A1

½mVP2 = ½mvP2 – mga (1 + cos α) Apply conservation of energy at D (A0 if no m)
[VP2 = (9/2)ag – 2ga (1 + cos α) = (5/2 – 2 cos α) ag]

[RD =] mVP2/a – mg cos α = 0 [VP2 = ag cos α] M1 A1 Apply F = ma radially at D with reaction = 0

(5/2 – 2 cos α) ag = ag cos α , cos α = 5/6 or 0⋅833 A1 Combine to find cos α

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Question Answer Marks Guidance

11O(i) tsA / √8 = ½ (16⋅7 – 13⋅5) [= 1⋅6] M1 Relate sA to semi-width of confidence interval

t7, 0.975 = 2⋅365 (to 3 s.f.) A1 State or use correct tabular t value

[sA = √8 × 1⋅6 / 2⋅365 = 1⋅9135], sA 2 = 3⋅66[16] A1 Hence find unbiased estimate of A’s population variance

11O(ii) H0: µA = µB , H1: µA >µB (AEF) B1 State hypotheses (B0 for x …)

[ x A = 15.1], xB = 85.2 / 6 = 14.2 B1 Find sample mean for B

sB2 = (1221⋅06 – 85⋅22/6) / 5 M1 Estimate or imply population variance for B

= 561/250 or 2⋅244 or 1⋅4982 (all to 3 s.f.) (allow biased here: 1⋅87 or 1⋅3672)

s2 = (7 sA2 + 5 sB2) / 12 = 3⋅0709 or 1⋅7522 M1 A1 Estimate (pooled) common variance (sB2 not needed explicitly)

t12, 0.95 = 1⋅782 B1 State or use correct tabular t value

[-] t = ( xA – xB ) / (s √(1/8 + 1/6)) = 0⋅951 M1 A1 Find value of t (or can compare xA – xB = 0⋅9 with 1⋅69)
t < 1⋅78 so [accept H0] Correct conclusion

mean mass of B not less than mean mass of A (AEF) B1

SC1: Implicitly taking sA2, sB2 as unequal population variances

(may also earn first B1 B1 M1)
z = ( xA – xB ) / √(sA2/8 + sB2/6)
= 0⋅9 / √(0⋅8317) = 0⋅987
z < 1⋅645 so

DepSC1: mean mass of B not less than mean mass of A (AEF)

Comparison with z0.95 and conclusion (FT on z)
(can earn at most 5/9)

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