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Science
Quarter 1 – Module 3
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
(Collecting and Analyzing Data)
Science– Grade 7
Quarter 1 – Module 3: SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION: Collecting and Analyzing Data

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Regional Director: Gilbert T. Sadsad

Assistant Regional Director: Jessie L. Amin

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Perfecto C. Asis

Editors: Jhaebie Obleada

Mercy Biescas

Evaluators: Jocelyn P. Navera

Marjorie R. Plazo
Marissa Co
Carlo Magno Pamorada
Bebelyn Nocomora

Illustrator:

Layout Artist: Jose P. Gamas, Jr.

Describe the components of a
scientific investigation
(S7MT-Ia-1)
Supplementary Learning Module for Junior High School Learners

LESSON
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION: Collecting and Analyzing Data

Scientific investigations produce data which lead

to finding solutions to the problem. These data must be
collected and analyzed in order to find relationships
between them. Furthermore, the data collected will tell
whether the formulated hypothesis is correct. Thus, data
collected must be properly organized. This
module will help you collect and analyze data.

Would you like to complete your task in on

scientific investigation? In this module you are going to
learn about Collecting and Analyzing Data. Read on and
perform the activities prepared for you in this module.
At the end of the module, you should be able to:

• Differentiate between qualitative and quantitative

data collection;
• Collect data from a given experiment through
quantitative and qualitative method; and
• Analyze data collected.

Directions: Identify what is asked or described in each

item then write the letter of the correct answer.

1. What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative collection of data?

a. Quantitative collection of data does not involve mathematical calculations while
Qualitative collection of data does involve mathematical calculations.
b. Quantitative collection of data uses close-ended questions, correlation and
regression and mean, median and mode methods while Qualitative collection of
data uses interviews, questionnaires, observation, case studies etc.
c. Quantitative collection of data involves interviews and questionnaires while
Qualitative collection of data involves mean, median and mode methods.
d. Qualitative collection of data is cheaper than Quantitative collection of data.

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For numbers 2 & 3, please refer on the table below.

2. Which from the data collected on the table is considered a quantitative collection of
data?
a. Day 2
b. A
c. B
d. Day 1
3. Which from the data collected on the table is considered a qualitative collection of
data?
a. Day 2
b. A
c. B
d. Day 1
For numbers 4 and 5, please refer to the table below.

4. What is NOT true about the graph?

a. Set-up A shows that sunlight is important in the growth of Tomato.
b. Set-up C has the most effective way of growing Tomato.
c. Set-up C, tomato growth is not evident.
d. Set-up B, tomato grows more than set-up A.
5. Which affects the growth of Tomato?
a. Day
b. Height
c. Sunlight
d. Set-up

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 Hi! How did you find the test?
Please check your answers at the answer key section and
see how you did. Don’t worry if you got a low score, this just
means that there are more things that you can learn from
this module. So, hop on!

LESSON 1: COLLECTING DATA

Mess and Collect

Directions: Go to your kitchen. Put out all your available dinner plates. Find the best way to
classify your plates. Make a table format of the plates you have classified.
Like this:

Guide
Questions:

1. What is the most common type of plate you have at home? ____________________
2. How many plates are the most common? __________________________________
3. Why do you think you have that kind of plate? ______________________________
___________________________________________________________________
4. Which type of plate is the least common? _______________________________
5. Why do you think you have the least numbered of that kind of plate? _____________
___________________________________________________________________

Good job in finishing the activity! Now, take time to

process the information you acquired by accomplishing the
next task.

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Directions: From your previous learnings, perform the activity below.
Floating Eggs

Materials Procedure
1. Fill a tall drinking glass with ¾ water.
2. Place the egg into the glass of water and observe. Label it as Glass A.
2 raw eggs, salt,
3. Fill another tall drinking glass about ¾ amount of water. Add 2
water, two tall
tablespoons of salt and stir until combined completely. Label it as Glass B.
drinking glasses,
4. Fill another tall drinking glass about ¾ amount of water add 3
ruler, marker
tablespoons of salt and stir until combined completely. Label it as Glass C.
5. Put the one (1) egg into the glass in Set-up B and another one (1) egg
into the glass in Set-up C. Observe what happens.

Data Collection:
A. Qualitative Method- Observation
Glass A Glass B Glass C

Observations

B. Quantitative Method
Glass A Glass B Glass C
Amount of salt added
to water in
tablespoons
Floating level of egg
in inches

In scientific investigation data collection is very

important in order to help you conclude a solution for the
problem at hand. Data collection helps to evaluate the
outcome of the problem.
There are different methods of data collection. Quantitative
data collection method is based on mathematical calculations using various formats like
close-ended questions, correlation and regression methods, mean, median and mode
methods. This method is cheaper and can be applied in a short period of time. Qualitative
data collection method does not involve mathematical calculations. It includes interviews,
questionnaires, observations, case studies etc.
There are several methods to collect primary data. These are;
Observation method is used when the study relates to behavioral science. This method
is planned systematically. The different types of observation are
1. Structured and unstructured observation

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2. Controlled and uncontrolled observation
3. Participation, non-participant and disguised observation.
Interview method is a method of collecting data in terms of oral or verbal responses. It
is achieved in two ways, such as Personal Interview and Telephonic Interview.
Questionnaire Method is a method where questionnaires are given to the respondents.
They should read, reply and subsequently return the questionnaire.
Thus, in this module your will just focus on Observation Method of collecting data.
Do you now understand what is the difference between Qualitative and Quantitative
methods of collecting data and how to collect data?

I - Directions: Look for your most reacted post in Facebook. Complete the data using the
table below.

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 1. Which is the quantitative data in your most reacted post?
___________________________________________________________________
2. Which is the qualitative collected data about your most reacted post?
___________________________________________________________________
3. What method of collecting data did you use? Explain.
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Oooooopppppssss!!!!
In case you don’t have Facebook account or gadgets, kindly use the data below
to answer the table.

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 Congratulations, you have finished the first part
of this module!

LESSON 2: ANALYZING DATA

THINK IT OVER!

Directions: Read The situation below and answer the guide questions.
Mimi wanted to test the effect of sunlight to mungo plants. She grew 3 mungo seeds
in three (3) different pots. The pots had one (1) mungo plants labeled A, B and C. she placed
pot A in direct sunlight, pot B under a shade and pot C inside a box. Mimi watered all the plants
everyday and measured their growth every two (2) days.

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 Below are Mimi’s collected data.

POT Condition Day 0 Day 2 Day 4 Day 6 Day 8 Day 10

A Direct Sunlight 1cm 2cm 4cm 6cm 10cm 12cm

B Shaded Area 1cm 2cm 2.5cm 3.0cm 3.5cm 4cm
C Inside a box 1cm 1cm 1cm 1cm 1cm 1cm

GRAPH OF MUNGO PLANTS

Pot A Pot B Pot C

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12

10

0
DAY 0 DAY 2 DAY 4 DAY 6 DAY 8 DAY 10

Guide Question:
1. What are the variables present in the data collected by Mimi?
___________________________________________________________________
2. Which is the independent variable? Dependent variable? Controlled variable?
___________________________________________________________________
3. What method of collecting data did Mimi use?
___________________________________________________________________
4. How did Mimi presented the data collected?
___________________________________________________________________
5. How does the growth of mungo plants vary in pot A, B and C?
___________________________________________________________________

Do you remember the results of the activity “Floating Eggs”? Using the data you have
gathered, make a graph showing the effect of the amount of salt in water to the floating
level of the egg. Use the template below:

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 Floating Eggs
3

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 2 3

Set-up A Set-up B Set-up C

After collecting data for your experiment, you should

remember that these data must still undergo thorough
analysis. There are many ways to present and analyze data.
One common example is by gathering the data collected in a tabular form or
presenting them through line graphs, bar graphs or pie charts.
Here are some ways to help you analyze your experimental data:
1. Always review your collected data. You may ask yourself the following questions:
a. Have I gathered enough data?
b. Did I make any mistakes while collecting data?
c. Do I need to gather more data?
2. Always make sure to label your tables and graphs clearly. It is also wise to give a
title for each presented data.
3. Include units of measurement such as centimeters, volume, tablespoons, minutes,
grams, inches, etc.
4. Place your independent variable on the x-axis of your graph and the dependent
variable on the y-axis
5. Review your presented data more than once. Check for any missing value,
misplaced information or wrong computation.
Once you have properly presented and analyzed your data, you will be one step
closer to reaching a conclusion for your scientific investigation!

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Directions: Using the data on the table below, create a line graph that shows the relationship
between the effect of the behavior of Barangay Masamok people to the number of infected
individuals.
Table. Total Number of People Infected By COVID-19 in Barangay Masamok for NOT
Following Precautionary Measures Set by WHO (World Health Organization)
Number of People Infected By COVID-19 in
Behavior of Bgy. Masamok Barangay Masamok for NOT following
Total
People Precautionary Measures Set by WHO
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5
No Social Distancing 1 2 4 8 16 31
No Face Mask 2 4 32 8 16 62
No Proper Hand Washing 3 6 12 24 48 93
Followed the Strict Health
0 0 0 0 0 0
Protocol

Number of Individuals Infected due to Identified

Misbehavior during Covid-19 Crisis
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

No Social Distancing No Face Mask

No proper Handwashing Followed the strict protocol

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 Congratulations on finishing the supplementary
learning module! You have just had an amazing learning
journey and for sure, you will have the same in the
succeeding modules.
This time, share to the class your final insights
by completing the following sentence prompts.
,

To strengthen what you have learned in this module;

1. Answer PRACTICE: Scientific Method and Data Analysis on
https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-biology-
foundations/hs-biology-and-the-scientific-method/e/hs-scientific-method-and-
experimental-design.

2. Watch this video about analyzing and evaluating data:

https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/conclude-evaluate-data.html.

3. Answer this simple Activity.

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 The following terms used in this module are defined as
follows:

Classifying – The grouping or ordering of phenomena according to an established scheme.

Controlled Observation – A type of observational study where the conditions are contrived
by the researcher.
Correlation – The process of establishing a relationship or connection between two or more
measures.
Disguised Observation – Is a technique employed where a respondent or groups of
respondents are unaware that they are being observed.

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Interview Method – A method of collecting data in terms of oral or verbal responses. It is
achieved in two ways, such as personal or telephonic interview.
Line Graph – A basic type of chart which displace information as a series of data points called
“markers’ connected by straight line segments.
Non-participative Observation - A research technique whereby the researcher watch es the
subjects of his or her study, with their knowledge, but without taking an active part in the
situation under scrutiny.
Participative Observation - A technique of field research, used in anthropology and
sociology, by which an investigator (participant observer) studies the life of a group by sharing
in its activities.
Qualitative data collection – A method which does not involve mathematical calculations. It
includes interviews, questionnaires, observations, case studies etc.
Quantitative data collection – A method based on mathematical calculations using various
formats like close-ended questions, correlation and regression methods, mean, median and
mode methods. This method is cheaper and can be applied in a short period of time.
Questionnaire Method – A research instrument consisting of a series of questions for the
purpose of gathering information from respondents.
Regression – Used in statistics to find trends in data. It helps provide equation for a graph to
help make predictions about the gathered data.
Structured Observation – Is a data collecting method in which researcher gathers data
without direct involvement with the participants.
Uncontrolled Observation – A method of observing a phenomena outside a laboratory.

Directions: Identify what is asked or described in each item

then write the letter of the correct answer.

For question numbers 1 and 2, please refer to the statements below.

These are the statements that describe Qualitative and Quantitative collection
of data.
I. It is based on mathematical calculations
II. This includes interviews, questionnaires, observations, case studies etc.
III. It is associated with elements that are not quantifiable.
IV. It uses close-ended questions, correlation and regression methods, mean, median
or mode methods.

1. Which among the statements best describe Qualitative Method of Collecting Data?
a. I and IV
b. II only
c. II and IV
d. II and III

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 2. Which among the statements best describe Quantitative Method of Collecting
Data?
a. I and IV
b. II only
c. II and IV
d. II and III
For question numbers 3 and 4, please refer to the graph below.

Number of Individuals Infected due to Identified

Misbehavior during Covid-19 Crisis
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

No Social Distancing No Face Mask

No proper Handwashing Followed the strict protocol

3. Which of the precautionary measures affected the number of individuals infected

by COVID-19?
a. No face mask
b. No proper handwashing
c. No Social Distancing
d. Followed the strict protocol
4. What is the best analysis about the graph?
a. The graph shows that there is a big effect on the number of individuals infected
by COVID-19 if precautionary measures will not follow.
b. The graph shows that there is no significant relationship between following
precautionary measures to the number of individuals infected by COVID-19.
c. The graph lacks information to show the relationships of the variables.
d. The graph shows that Day 1 to Day 5 has no significant value to justify
relationship among variables.
5. From the activity you have performed entitled “Floating Eggs”, how did you
collect the data?
a. Questionnaire Method
b. Interview Method
c. Observation Method
d. Inference Method

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TRY THIS
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. C

DO THIS - Lesson 1: Collecting Data

- Answer varies
EXPLORE
A. Qualitative Method- Observation
Glass A Glass B Glass C

The egg floated

The egg partially near the surface
Observations The egg sinks.
floated of the water.

B. Quantitative Method
Glass A Glass B Glass C
Amount of salt added
to water in 0 2 tablespoons 3 tablespoons
tablespoons
Floating level of egg
0 inch 2.5 inches 3 inches
in inches

APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

- Answer varies
DO THIS – Lesson 2 : Analyzing Data
Guide Questions:
1. Time/Day, Growth and Sunlight
2. Independent – Time/Day
Dependent – Growth
Controlled – Sunlight
3. Quantitative Method of Collecting Data
4. Mimi presented the data through a graph.
5. The growth of mungo seed varies depending on the amount of sunlight they were
exposed. The more sunlight the mungo plant receives the greater is its growth.

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EXPLORE

Floating Eggs
3.5

2.5

1.5

0.5

0
0 2 3

Set-up A Set-up B Set-up C

APPLY WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

Number of Individuals Infected due to Identified

Misbehavior during Covid-19 Crisis
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5

No Social Distancing No Face Mask

No proper Handwashing Followed the strict protocol

ASSESS WHAT YOU HAVE LEARNED

1. D
2. A
3. B
4. A
5. C

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Science Learners’ Module
https://www.encyclopedia.com/social-sciences/dictionaries-thesauruses-pictures-
and-press-releases/non-participant-observation
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/participant-observation
https://people.uwec.edu/piercech/researchmethods/data%20collection%20methods/
data%20collection%20methods.htm
https://byjus.com/maths/data-collection-methods/
Reinforcement:
1. https://www.khanacademy.org/science/high-school-biology/hs-biology-
foundations/hs-biology-and-the-scientific-method/e/hs-scientific-method-and-
experimental-design

2. https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/conclude-evaluate-data.html.

3. https://www.google.com/search?q=offline+activities+and+worksheets+about+
collecting+data+and+analyzing+data

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