At n speed of 8 km/hr.

Sa urav lakes 225 ~ t,,

.i&s.
w 111 pl ch! one circle . .
Al a speed of 5 km/hr , Sach1 n takes 360 ~ t11
\\'hl'n B ho~ c,m1pktcd IO ro1111d).. /\ would hnw compklcd
cn mr,leLe one circ le.
I' - :! ~ Al a speed of 3 km/hr, 1.axman would take 6()0 ~
IO, _:_ l\)UlldS .
() to com plete one circle. .
\\'hrn mnning i11 ~.mw dircc1 i1111, thi s wou ld mean A havi ng Hence, they would ,necl for the fi rst time at the
run I~ l\1und~ 111, , rl' thnn Band thus would have met 15 times starl ing point alh:r LCM(22 S, 360 • 600 > 1800 ,
tFl1 r t' \ er) o,w l\1u11d tlmt A ru ns more than B, A mee1s B) = 30 min .
\\'hen nmning in ,,pposite direction, this would mean A & B
1,1gt·1her lul\ ing nm J5 rounds and thus would have met 35
Problems on Clocks
tlllll'~.

Concept .
1 Clocks fo llow the principle of relattve spee~. Take the
~ Example@
instance of a typical clock. There are two han_ds •~ the clock:
"- Lax man joins Saurav and Sachin and all of them nm the hour and the minute hand. Both are movmg 111 the same
on a circular track of length 500 m in the same 0

di rect ion from the same point simultaneously.

direction. The hour han d mo Ves ( 2
.!..)
per minute, whereas
Laxman moves ar 3 km/hr, Sachin at 5 km/hr and
Saurav at 8 km/hr. When will they all be together the minute hand moves 6° per minute. The minute hand is
constantly chasing the hour hand. The relative speed of the
again
a. for the first time, lo
minute hand with respect to the hour hand is 5 per minute.
h for the first time at the starting point? 2
As we know the relative speed of hour hand and minute
"50Iution) hand, we can calculate the frequency with which both of
a. Break the problem into two separate cases. them coincide continuously.
In the first case, Saurav moves at a relative speed
of (8 - 5).= 3 km/hr with respect to Sachin. At a The relative speed of minute hand with respect to hour hand
relative speed of 3 km/hr, he would meet Sachin
. Io . t
1s 5- per mmu e.
2
after every ( SO~ ) ~600 s ~ lO min 0

· 3 X- Difference of 5 .!.. comes in 1 min. So the difference of360°

]8
2
In the second case, Saurav moves at (8 - 3) km/hr
= 5 km/hr with respect to Laxman. . . 360 . 720 5 . d.
w1 11 come m mm =-min= 65-mm, an ma
At a relative speed of 5 km/hr, he would meet ]_ ll 11
5
500 2

l
Laxman after every ( ) = 360 s day, hour and minute hands coincide 22 times.
5
-5 x -
18
Total minutes in a day 24 x 60 22 .
=6min ·:--- - - - - - - - ' - - - ---= times
Therefore, if all the three have to meet, they would Time (in minutes for one coincidence) 7: 0
I
r 1
meet after every LCM(] 0, 6) = 30 min or
2 hr. The types of questions that you would encounter would be
Hence, they would all meet for the first time after as follows.
30 min . a. At a particular time what is the angle between the
hands of a clock?
b. Ifwe need to find the time after which all of them When do the hands of a clock coincide or make some
b.
would be at the starting point simultaneously for angle between t and (t + I) hr?
the first time, we should use the same method as c. Problems where two different clocks gain or lose
in the case involving two people. certain time in a particular time period.

Fundamentals of Time, Speed & Distance

(rage: 128) , ,}• .i Career
1~ Launcher
', . ~111
I
.,,

,c\1. .
Jc

1·-1 5, whnt
f 11 .-iock .
• ..,
.
,s the (acui ·) .
I.: dng le be .
IWeen 11 • lirst clock would be behind the second clock
by 15
le hnnc1s
~ i.n at the ~nd of I hr. .
l'
~ 1nce the f'lrst clock loses 5 min and the second gains
0 min in I hr) They would both show the same time
. 11,1j0Jl
clock. the minu te 1lf1nc1 I' again if they are separated by 12 hr = 12 x 60 min.
_il 1 0·
,\1 · . 0
a clock Number of hours the fi rst clock takes to be behind the
(i'° bd11nd the hour hand.
9 Would be
-15 111in. th e minute hand second by 12 hr = (12 x 60) = 48 hr.
1
II.11·' x (, ) '70" tiorward. of a cl Ock Wo uId move 15
-
(.
So th ey would show the same time again after exac tly
2 days .
fhl' 1tour hand woul d mov e (.!. >< 45 ) (

0)
2
0
:::: 22.!. Work
tilf\va rd. 2
• nothm
· ·1 ar to TSD problems. Speed 1s · g
Work problem s are s1m1
but rate of d · . .
Hence . th e angle betw een th e hand . omg work, distance 1s the amount of work done
:_
Io) d one.
· as the time taken for the work to be
s Would be an d tune tak en remains

- 2 (
,700- 900 + 22 - :::: 157.!.2 .
work
Thus time taken for work to be done = Amount of
Whe Rate of doing work
rate of
d . n two or more persons work on the same job, the
01 ng work gets added.
·~
When do th e hands of a cloc k . c1de .
corn between 15 days
-?
.tan d ) . :hus, if Raju and Rina can do a job in 1Odays and
to comp lete
mdepende_ntly, how many days would they take
th e same Job working simultaneously?

~ - 30° : 120° b . the day

Al 4 the mmute hand is 4 x
ehmd If total work is W, Raju's rate of working = W per
10
hour hand .
0 and that of Rina = W per day
.
Theminute hand takes a lead of 5 (.!.)2 •
ev ery mmute
15
Thus when working simultaneously , rate of work
done
WW ,
over the hour hand. = + and thus time taken
10 15
. k
. 120
TI1e tune 1t ta es to catch up 120° = - - 15 x 10
11 / 2 W
W W = 15 + l 0 = 6 days
- +-
240 10 15
=- - min afte r4.
to be just
11
In abov e problem we can work assuming work
This is when they would coincide. I unit and thus elim inating use of W.
of the
Alternately, assume the total work to be the LCM
30 units of
days taken individually i.e LCM of IO & 15 i.e.
·~ amp le@ work.
first
Two clocks show the same time at 4 p.m. The Rani's rate
seco nd gains Thus Raju's rate of working= 3 units per day and
IO mi n ever y 2 hr and the ltane ously ,
clock loses of working = 2 units per day. When working simu
10 min every hour. When will they both show
the it wou ld
3 + 2 = 5 units of work is done everyday and thus
same time again? 30
take - = 6 days.
5

~
and both
All problems of work can be solved in either way
exactly the same
d ways take almost the same ti me as there are
If they had not lost or gai ned any time , they woul . However if you are not
, the number of calculations invo lved
boi h show the same time always. But in this case
( Page : 129 ) .
lqnda111e
ntats of Time, Speed & Distance ~,A Career er
' T.aunch
 C{lmfortal'llc "1th .-.....
ll nl 1ll'fl t hi'
, ('Cm ~flc r h~ ~ ,,u . Of'Jll t•n, h 1141111( I' M ""'>' '')J
I( I -• n,plc } 47) n Job. f\ 1s the budder and
work1n~ '' O
A 11nd JI ore , /\ wk cJ Io days to con1lructll
the Jerno lillOfl rnon.
~ C le / ,&f!J 1~
wo ll co111rIctcl y
I) tiike1J 20 dny, 10 demolish i

l41th~) • M1111 1~ ' • ti lllt1>1• .. g <m r1job. 1 hey

110w much ume d{J I.hey Lake to buildII
llrtl wor~m compIetcIy.
_-· · ""\! "
tlllc I , 1, 1 I" tl1tys rc~pcctwcly to complete the the wall comp letely
lt't- 11 l ,rnoo I.Ind Malmo sttin ofT with the Job and k siinu luu1eous 1Y,
a. if they work alternate days and A Jlarta "'
ll if they wor on
"•,,rk for 4 doys 1oge1her before being joined by u"
li~llo o. when will 1hc job be comp leted? job?

~/Solution) ~a.If I.hey work simultaneously, the part of the Jt1J

Mn.bod I:
1 1
In the fi rst 4 days, the pan of the job completed by
La uoo and Mauoo working together would be done in I day "" C'o )-L 0) == 20 .
4 4 9
Hence, they take in total 20 days to complete tilt
+ = of the job.
12 15 15 job.
h It is preferable to do this question using the uaits
This implies 6 of the job is yet to be completed.
15 method.
They are then joined by Gattoo. Hence, they would Suppose the total numb~r of units of job to be
completed is 20 m. A builds 2 m every day.
all working together do .22..,
of the job in a day To
)80 . B demolishes 1 m everyday. On the first 2 days,
complete the remaining work , they would take the total length of wall that is built = (2 - I)
=Im .
C~)
37 ) days .
Now most students make a mistake of arriving at
the conclusion that to build 20 m of the wall, the
time required is 20 x 2 = 40 days. (Think, if that
( 180 was the case who was working on the last day!!)
So the total time taken to complete the job On day two, I m of the wall is completed; on day
four, 2 m would have been completed; ... so on.
= 4 + I -35 days = 5 -35 days.
37 37
On day 36, 18 m of the wall is completed and the
The abov e method is slightly inconvenient because next day it is A who would be doing the job.
of the fractions that appear in the calculation. Hence, he takes I day more to complete the resi
of the job.
So in total it takes 36 + I = 37 days to completely
Medlod2:
Let the number of units of work to be done is a build the wall.
LCM(l 2, 15, 18) = 180. So Lattoo does 15 units per
day, Mattoo does 12 units per day, and Gattoo does
IO units per day. The first 4 days when Lattoo and 'YExample.@
Mattoo were working all by themselves, the amount An inlet pipe alone can fill the whole tank in 10 hr
of work done is ( I2 + 15) x 4 = 108 units. while an outlet pipe can empty the tank in 25 br.
The rema ining work = 72 units. When both the pipes are open, in what tim~ ,,i ll die
When all lhe J are working together, 37 units of work
is done on I day. Hence, the rest of the work is tank be filled ?

72 35
c.omplet.ed in days. So total time taken • 5 efSolutionJ
37 37
days. Every hour. wnter added in = ~ of volume of~·
10
(Pag e : 130 ) ~ t
Career Fundamentals of Time, Speed & Obffll\~
·tl~ Launcher
r _nie t~\\.\J th.It \\ \)Uld h:we tx~I\ ,'\lllSlll \\d<l hy oO l\l<'ll
ll\ ~1,) d:ltS- \\ ~IS ,'\)ll$U1l\~-d h\
too + , ) in 15 d:w~ '
oa--~o "" lCII.H ~)l :-
\ "' 2Ll.
Thl' stren_gch of tht• n·info~~nK'nt w:,~ ~O .

.-\ ship l5b km :1w:ty from the slWt"t' springs ti lcttk

whkh ndmi~ !..

.~ :ill.
v. -
i:,~tern ,s tilled b) an i 1
~
h.m s 0f wntcr in 65 iniu. A puuip
thl\)\\'$ out 15 1:1.~ns ofwaterin I hour. If 68 tons would
-' .- - - n et va h·e . -
H•l'~l!' er l',e\:a~ ot a le~. it takes 30 ~n : :- hours. suttke to sink thd ship. find the avc:ntgc n1tt1 ofsnlling
'-
1 11
11 up.
. lo h?\'
nd muchd nme \\ill th e ,...mt11Utes
,,. mo~ so as It) just re.nch the shore.
tilll;'d ,is1e.m I epen entl) : '-""' empt)· the

~ olutionJ
~
'~
Jle-:ik em piJ the filled ciste . hour Th
Net volume of water in the ship in I min
mint 7 1 15 17
I · us = ~ x -_ - - = - tons.
., 6,::, 60 156
r.1te of filli ng = ~. th of \'.'. istem hour and rnte of 156
T ime required for 68 tons ofwnter = 68 x 17
I
~pl: ing = -t th of ciste.rn hour and dfective rate
= 624 min
'"' 5.5 I ch o t· nstem
. ~r hour. distance
Speed of ship = - - -
time
I I0
Thus. -_.. - -
l
= -55 156 km
- - - = -I km/min = 15 km/hr
624 min. 4
I I _. h
~ - = - ==> t = .)) . ours.
t 55 ~Example@
Alternately. the amount of water the inlet pipe fills A and 8 can separately do a piece of work in 20 and
in the eKtra time i.e. in 0.5 hours is emptied by the 15 days respectively. They worked together for
leak in the entire 5.5 hours ~ the leak in 5.5 hours 6 days, after whic~ 9 was replaced by C. lfthe work
I was finished in next 4 days, then find the number of
can empty th of the cistern and thus would take
10 days in which C alone could do the work.
55 hours to empty the filled cistern.

~olutionJ
°LExample@ 1
A force of 60 men has food for 28 days. 8 days later (A + B) completed = 6 ( -
20
+ _!_)
15
= ]_
I0
part of the
reinforcements arrive leaving the number of days the
food would last to 15 days. What was the strength of work in 6 days
3
the reinforcement? (A + C) must have done = - part in 4 days; work
10

done by (A + C) in a day = 2. part

i@utio~J 28
40
Originally the food would have lasted for days. 1
After 8 days the food would have lasted for 20 days. Work done by A in a day = part
20
Let the reinforcement number be x.
(Page: 131)
~,i career
f~tnta1s ofTime, speed & Distance 7~ Launcher
J
 · \\ ,irl.. .t,111r h~ l ' 111 "dtl\' ( ~ w.1olutlo~ . _
~ ) - pnrl d b I man rn I day - x part
· ·Ill 20 110
I ,cl work one Y a.,. • I day = y part
1k, h·r , l' nl,• 111• n 111 finish 1h11 w11rk In 1111 dny~. I.cl work done by l 11vY rn
l
~~ h nn,rt,, f ~~ 2x I Jy - _!_ and 3x f- 2y == 8
10
I hi\.',' mrn ran l', 1111pk-1c a piece l)f work In 6 dnyR. 7 l
r" 11 dc1) s ot\er tlwy start, 3 more men joined them .
On solving, we get x == zoo and Y== 100
(Work done by 2 men + 1 boy) in I day
~h,w mony days will they take to complete the
rt'mn ining work (Assume they nil have equal = 2x ...Z.. + l x -001 = 225 part
dfo:ienry)? 200 J. .
Thus, 2 men and l boy can finish the work in

efSolutionJ 25
days.
2
Work done by 3 men in 2 days = .!.. x 2 = .!..
6
Alternative Method: .
3 Let the total work be LCM( I 0, 8) = 4o u~rts.
. . work = (, _ I) = 2
Remammg Let work done by I man in I day = x ~ts
3 3 Let work done by I boy in I day = Y umts
2x + 3y = 4 and 3x + 2y = 5
Work done in a day by 3 men = .!... 7 2
6 On solving, we get, x = and Y =
5 5
Work done in a day by 6 men = .!.. (Work done by 2 men + l boy) in l day
3
i 3 2
work is done by them in ( ; ) = 2 days. =( 2x5+
7
I XS =s uruts.
2) 16 .

5
Number of days taken to do the work = 40 x
Alternative Method: 16
After two days, only four days' work remains.
If 3 more men join the existing 3 men, work will be 25
= days.
completed by half the time. 2
Therefore, the work is completed in 2 days.

~Exampl e@
Two men and 3 boys can do a picc·c of work in
IO days, while 3 men and 2 boys cun do the some
work in 8 days. In how many duys cnn 2 men und
I boy do the work?

~M y Doubts

( Page : 132 ) ~'\11Hl~11wntah of 1'\me, Speed & Distance