Phyllis works for a corporation that recently fired three top managers who were

caught using the company credit cards to lavishly furnish their offices and even
purchase "office" furniture that was found in their personal homes. Which
method of maintaining an ethical culture is Phyllis's company pursuing?
Select one:
a. provide protective mechanisms
b. serve as a visible role model
c. communicate ethical expectations
d. visibly punish unethical acts
e. provide ethical training

Leadership is especially important in ________–where different teams need to

coordinate their efforts to produce a desired outcome.
Select one:
a. technical teams
b. management teams
c. problem-solving teams
d. multi-team systems
e. self-managed teams

Which of the following helps explain the current popularity of teams? Teams
________.
Select one:
a. are easier to manage
b. greatly increase efficiency
c. better utilize employee talents
d. are less expensive
e. promote socialization and cohesion

To provide teams with adequate resources, a company must supply which of the
following?
Select one:
a. encouragement
b. proper equipment
c. none of the above
d. all the above
e. adequate staffing

CHAPTER 7
1. Receivers in communication see and hear based on their needs, motivations,
experience, background, and other personal characteristics. This is called ________.
Select one:
a. selective perception
 b. communication apprehension
c. emotional block
d. filtering
e. projection

2. What can managers do to make sure that important information isn't withheld
from them through silence?
Select one:
a. Deal with information overload.
b. Assume that words are understood.
c. Tell employees what they want to hear.
d. Listen to and support diverse opinions.
e. Interpret what we see and call it reality.

3. When Neal Patterson, CEO of Cerner Corporation, sent his seething e-mail to
400 managers, he erred by selecting the wrong ________.
Select one:
a. channel for his message
b. emotional charge
c. none of the above
d. message
e. distribution

4. The receiver of a communication is most likely to ________ a message.

Select one:
a. reflect
b. discard
c. explain
d. reproduce
e. translate

5. Communication serves all of the following functions within a group or

organization except ________.
Select one:
a. control
b. conveying information
c. motivation
d. emotional expression
e. planning
6. When all communication is channeled through one central figure, a ________
communication network exists.
Select one:
a. lateral
b. chain
c. direct
d. wheel
e. box

7. All of the following are examples of downward communication flows except

________.
Select one:
a. employees completing attitude surveys
b. managers informing employees of procedures
c. managers pointing out problems that need attention
d. managers telling employees to work more quickly
e. managers assigning goals

8. Communication must include both the ________ and the understanding of

meaning.
Select one:
a. transference
b. intention
c. interpretation
d. transportation
e. triaging

9. During communication, the ________ initiates a message by encoding a thought.

Select one:
a. speaker
b. channel
c. sender
d. leader
e. Receiver

10. With regard to the grapevine, a manager should try to ________.

Select one:
a. all of the above
b. limit its range and impact
c. ignore it
 d. use it to your advantage
e. destroy it

11. Formal channels traditionally follow the ________ within an organization.

Select one:
a. transmission chain
b. social chain
c. communication chain
d. authority chain
e. influence chain

12. Facebook and MySpace are examples of what?

Select one:
a. networking software
b. text messaging
c. blogs
d. e-mail
e. instant messaging

13. Today Marci's boss entered her cubicle and told her that her work has been
fantastic, and that because of her last project the client is going to give the
company all of their business. Marci's boss continued to talk about what a great
job she's doing. When her boss left Marci felt very confident and satisfied with
herself and her job. Marci's boss uses communication in which of the following
functions?
Select one:
a. emotional expression
b. control
c. information
d. reprimand
e. motivation

14. A receiver who translates a sender's message is engaging in the process of

________.
Select one:
a. recoding
b. decoding
c. encoding
d. feedback
e. transmission
15. What form of electronic communications is in "real" time?
Select one:
a. networking software
b. blogs
c. text messaging
d. e-mail
e. instant messaging

16. ________ cultures rely heavily on nonverbal and subtle situational cues when
communicating with others.
Select one:
a. Neutral context
b. High-content
c. Low-context
d. High-context
e. Low-content

17. The ________ communication network is best illustrated by self-managed

teams.
Select one:
a. all-channel
b. box
c. wheel
d. circle
e. interpersonal

18. Communication messages that are passed through a great many people will
most likely suffer from which of the following?
Select one:
a. formal communication decay
b. distortion
c. decoding
d. lack of non-verbal cues
e. disruption

19. Ana is trying to finish an account analysis for a client, but she's missing data.
She e-mails Claire in database administration to launch a query and get back to
her. Claire quickly sends Ana the data that she needs. This is an example of
________ communication.
Select one:
a. emotion
b. motivation
c. control
d. reprimand
e. information

20. Jessica needs to describe her vision for an important ad campaign to three of
the new team members. Jessica should ________.
Select one:
a. leave voicemail for them
b. send an e-mail.
c. write a memo
d. schedule a meeting
e. publish a formal report

21. When engaging in upward communication an employee should not ________.

Select one:
a. communicate in headlines
b. prepare a speech
c. prepare an agenda
d. support ideas with action
e. reduce distractions

22. Which of the following is not a drawback of written messages?

Select one:
a. They're time consuming.
b. They may be misinterpreted by their receivers.
c. They are unlikely to be well thought-out.
d. It is difficult for senders to confirm whether they have been received.
e. They lack built-in feedback mechanisms.

23. The communication used by managers to provide job instructions is ________

communication.
Select one:
a. directional
b. downward
c. formal
d. diagonal
e. lateral
24. Rumors would most likely flourish in situations where there is ________.
Select one:
a. a chain communication style
b. a trivial issue at hand
c. well-communicated change
d. ambiguity
e. assurance by management
Electronic communication includes all of the following except ________.
Select one:
a. video conferencing
b. e-mail
c. text messaging
d. teleconferencing
e. blogs

25. In dealing with cross-cultural communication, a manager might practice

putting herself in the place of the employee, a method termed ________.
Select one:
a. evaluation
b. empathy
c. apathy
d. commiseration
e. complicity

26. Which of the following is not a characteristic of nonverbal communication?

Select one:
a. intonation
b. universal meaning
c. facial expression
d. physical distance
e. meaningful information.

27. An informal communication network is typically called a ________.

Select one:
a. contextual system
b. gossip monger
c. chain
d. free acting system
e. grapevine
28. What small-group network is most effective for facilitating the emergence of
a leader?
Select one:
a. chain
b. wheel
c. all-channel
d. direct
e. Box

29. Peter is working on a project. He feels that the parameters need to be

changed to meet the client specifications. First he must talk to his immediate
supervisor, who then discusses the issue with her department director. Peter is
most likely part of which type of small-group network?
Select one:
a. box
b. chain
c. all-channel
d. direct
e. Vertical

What is the best indicator of choice of channel?

Select one:
a. the target audience for the message
b. whether the message will be private or public
c. the time of day the message is sent
d. whether the message is routine or nonroutine
e. whether the sender is management or not
In one study of the grapevine, it was found that only ________ percent of
the executives participated by passing the information on to more than
one other person.
Select one:
a. 15
b. 30
c. 10
d. 25
e. 20
The medium through which communication travels is called a ________.
Select one:
a. transmission
b. vessel
c. channel
d. message
e. media
Which of the following is not a benefit of e-mail as a communications
tool?
Select one:
a. E-mail messages have less emotional content.
b. E-mail messages cost pennies to generate.
c. E-mail messages can be read at the recipient's convenience.
d. E-mail messages can be quickly written, edited, and stored.
e. E-mail messages can be distributed to one person or thousands with a
click of a mouse.
With regard to the grapevine, a manager should try to ________.
Select one:
a. ignore it
b. destroy it
c. use it to your advantage
d. limit its range and impact
e. all of the above

CHAPTER 4
Your rating in a job interview is high in contrast to the candidate who was
interviewed directly before you, who was rated extremely low. Your own high
rating might be partially attributed to which of the following?
Select one:
a. stereotyping
b. the halo effect
c. contrast effects
d. prototyping
e. projection
Tom knows that the title insurance company made a mistake on his property
title. Because of their mistake, his neighbor now has access to an easement road
through his back 25 acres. He can't use the acreage for pasture, because his
neighbor insists that the gates remain open. The title company has offered a
$40,000 settlement. Tom has decided to take the settlement rather than possibly
lose in court if he were to sue the title company for more money. Tom's decision
is based on ________.
Select one:
a. risk aversion
b. escalation of commitment
c. availability bias
d. randomness error
e. hindsight bias
Leone thinks that because her employee, Josef, went to an Ivy League college he
is very knowledgeable, and always asks his opinion on the firm's investments. In
reality, Josef knows very little about investing, but makes sure he reads up on it
so that he can give an informed opinion to Leone. What has occurred in this
situation?
Select one:
a. the fundamental attribution error
b. a self-serving bias
c. a self-fulfilling prophecy
d. a projection event
e. profiling
The more consistent a behavior, the more the observer is inclined to ________.
Select one:
a. attribute it to interpretation
b. attribute it to consensus
c. attribute it to internal causes
d. attribute it to external causes
e. attribute it to distinctiveness
What do we call it when we judge someone on the basis of our perception of the
group to which he/she belongs?
Select one:
a. stereotyping
b. categorizing
c. assimilating
d. prototyping
e. grouping
What is the name of the theory that deals with how we explain behavior
differently depending on the meaning we assign to the behavior of the actor?
Select one:
a. equality theory
b. selective perception theory
c. judgment theory
d. attribution theory
e. behavioral theory
Which of the following statements is not an example of stereotyping?
Select one:
a. Don't hire an older worker; they can't learn new skills.
b. She was good at her last job, so she will be good at this one.
c. There is no need to offer child-care to him; men aren't interested in child care.
d. She won't relocate for a promotion, since women don't relocate.
e. The new hire will be emotionally insensitive, since he is a man.
Janice is late for work each day by about ten minutes. How would attribution
theory describe this behavior?
Select one:
a. It shows consensus.
b. It shows similarity.
c. It shows consistency.
d. It shows distinctiveness.
e. It shows reliability.
The time at which an object or event is seen is an example of what type of factor
influencing the perceptual process?
Select one:
a. context
b. social
c. reality
d. perceiver
e. target
What do we call the tendency for people to base their judgments on information
that they can easily obtain?
Select one:
a. principality
b. representative bias
c. confirmation bias
d. anchoring bias
e. availability bias
Investors bragged about their investing expertise during the stock market rally
between 1996 and early 2000. Knowing individuals rely on the self-serving bias
to explain failure, which of the following explanations would an investor be most
likely to state after the market imploded in 2000?
Select one:
a. The analysts did not look at the numbers properly.
b. I really should have been diversifying my earnings.
c. I really should have seen it coming.
d. The Federal Reserve did all they could.
e. My broker advised me to pull out, but I was blind.
David's boss has just moved his software testing deadline up by two days. David
was working overtime to complete the assignment with the previous deadline,
but now he doesn't see how it will be physically possible to test every aspect of
the software by the new deadline. As a result, David will have to cut corners and
only test certain aspects of the product. He is sure there will be bugs that go
unnoticed. David is a victim of which organizational constraint?
Select one:
a. historical precedents
b. system-imposed time constraints
c. performance evaluations
d. formal regulations
e. reward systems
A committee is made up of 12 managers: three each from the sales, production,
accounting, and human resources departments. They read a comprehensive
study of the company they work for, and are asked which of its recommendations
are most important. In discussion they find that the managers perceive that the
most important recommendations are those concerning their own departments.
This finding is most likely the result of what type of bias?
Select one:
a. halo effect
b. self-serving bias
c. selective perception
d. projection
e. pygmalion effect
Manuwer's firm won a bid on a small programming project for $26,000. The
client recently changed the project specifications, and when Manuwer explained
that the new work could not be included in the price of the original bid because it
involves completely changing the already written code, the client got angry and
said, "I'm only asking you to add one thing! You're charging me $30,000 and you
can't do this one thing?" Manuwer's client is engaging in ________.
Select one:
a. escalation commitment
b. anchoring bias
c. availability bias
d. overconfidence bias
e. confirmation bias
Mel has exceeded her budget by at least $200 every month for the last three
months. After recognizing that this is a problem, she decides to use the rational
decision-making model to decide what to do. What might be the next step she
takes if she follows this model?
Select one:
a. choose a method to cut her expenses
b. evaluate different ways that she could use to either reduce her expenses or
increase her income
c. come up with different ways that would either reduce her expenses or increase
her income
d. determine what she needs to take into account when making her
decision
e. weigh the relative importance of each of her expenses
What is the most relevant application of perception concepts to OB?
Select one:
a. the perceptions people form about society
b. the perceptions people form about their employer
c. the perceptions people form about external reality
d. the perceptions people form about their culture
e. the perceptions people form about each other
If a person responds the same way over time, attribution theory states that the
behavior shows ________.
Select one:
a. distinctiveness
b. consensus
c. consistency
d. continuity
e. stability
The three criteria for making ethical decisions are ________.
Select one:
a. history, regulations, and time
b. utilitarianism, creativity, and rights
c. whistle-blowing, rights, and utilitarianism
d. utilitarianism, rights, and justice
e. evaluation, reward, and justice
Because it is impossible for us to assimilate everything we perceive, we engage in
________.
Select one:
a. selective perception
b. linear clustering
c. memorization
d. periodic listening
e. mental desensitization
What trait does a decision maker need to have if they are to fully appraise a
problem and even see problems that others are not aware of?
Select one:
a. intuition
b. conceptual style
c. rationality
d. creativity
e. individuality
A discrepancy between the current state of affairs and some desired state is a
________.
Select one:
a. self-fulfilling prophecy
b. problem
c. stereotype
d. expectation
e. decision
In the real world, what do people typically do when making a decision about a
problem?
Select one:
a. follow the rational decision-making model
b. obtain complete information
c. remain unbiased and objective
d. seek the optimal decision
e. find an acceptable solution
7
Select one:
a. intuition
b. realization
c. intrinsic task motivation
d. expertise
e. creative thinking skills
Mariana has purchased her paper from Acme Paper Company for years. When
she started her business they offered the best paper for the lowest price, and
they delivered it to her office with friendly service. Recently Mariana's office
manager submitted a report on various prices for paper supply companies in
the city. Mariana quickly skimmed the report and saw that Acme was in the
same ball park price per ream, although a little more expensive than two of
the companies, but they continued to deliver free of charge. Mariana decided
to stay with Acme. Her decision was based on ________.
 Select one:
a. overconfidence bias
b. randomness error
c. availability bias
d. confirmation bias
e. anchoring bias
What is the term used for an increased commitment to a previous decision in
spite of negative information?
Select one:
a. escalation of commitment
b. rose-colored-glasses
c. hindsight\
d. satisficing
e. representative
What term is used for the tendency of an individual to attribute his own
successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external
factors?
Select one:
a. self-serving bias
b. stereotyping
c. selective perception
d. consistency
e. fundamental attribution error
Gene is regarded by his peers as an extremely creative designer of watercraft.
He attributes much of his success to his family: he was raised by a traditional
boat builder and from a very early age was surrounded by boats and the
people who made them. To what element of the three-component model of
creativity does Gene attribute his success?
Select one:
a. task motivation
b. expertise
c. insight
d. intuitiveness
e. creativity skills
One of the shortcuts used to judge others involves evaluating a person based
on how he/she compares to other individuals on the same characteristic.
What is this shortcut called?
Select one:
a. stereotyping
b. contrast effects
 c. prejudice
d. selective perception.
e. the halo effect
Whenever Jane is successful she takes full credit for what has happened, but
whenever she is unsuccessful she attributes her failure to bad luck or blames
one of her fellow employees. She is guilty of ________.
Select one:
a. self-serving bias
b. fundamental attribution error
c. distinctiveness
d. attribution bias
e. the halo effect

David has the opinion that people who drive SUVs are dangerous drivers. He
often perceives that people driving SUVs are doing so in a dangerous manner,
even when other observers can see nothing wrong with the behavior of the SUV
drivers. What factor in David is affecting his perception in this case?
Select one:
a. his motives
b. his background
c. his interests
d. his expectations
e. his work setting

CHAPTER 6
If a team's members have similar mental models, what will they likely do?
Select one:
a. loaf on others' efforts
b. focus on what needs to be done
c. demonstrate high reflexivity
d. display low self efficacy
e. become involved in relationship conflict
Exercises that help individuals become team players include workshops in
________.
Select one:
a. individualism
b. recruiting
c. event planning
d. goal setting
e. negotiation
You need to hire an analyst for an important project team. It is essential that the
new employee work well on the already established team in order to meet the
project's challenging deadlines. The most talented candidate doesn't have any
team experience and when asked in the interview about his team experience he
replied, "I prefer to work alone. I'm much more efficient alone." What should you
do?
Select one:
a. Hire him and redesign the job.
b. Look for a different project.
c. Look for a different candidate.
d. Hire him and hope that he learns.
e. Hire him and train him.
Araceli is a team member in a large corporation. She never speaks in the team
meetings because she has seen members talk behind each others' backs outside
of the meetings. Members are constantly monitoring the other member's work,
looking for a mistake to point out in a meeting. According to the information
provided, which contextual factor is most likely hindering the success of Araceli's
team?
Select one:
a. team structure
b. adequate resources
c. climate of trust
d. performance evaluations
e. leadership
eams are an effective way to allow people from diverse areas within an
organization to exchange information, develop new ideas and solve problems,
and coordinate complex projects.
Select one:
a. self-managed
b. cross-functional
c. virtual
d. problem-solving
e. co-evolving
Self-managed teams are typically comprised of how many members?
Select one:
a. 10-15
b. 8-12
c. over 100
d. 2-5
e. 5-10
Team members that help other team members should be rewarded for their
efforts. Which of the following is not something that team members can do to
help other team members?
Select one:
a. help resolve team conflicts
b. create competition
c. share information
d. train new colleagues
e. master new skills
The most effective teams tend to have ________ members.
Select one:
a. 10 to 20
b. more than 20
c. to 15
d. 3 to 5
e. less than 10
A team that has a good plan, but is also willing to adjust their master plan and
adapt when conditions call for it demonstrates high ________, an important
variable in successful team processes.
Select one:
a. diversity
b. goal specificity
c. reflexivity
d. goal congruency
e. social loafing
To succeed in achieving their goals, teams must ________.
Select one:
a. all of the above
b. none of the above
c. receive support from management
d. have strong leadership
e. have autonomy
The early stages of development of a cross-functional team are time-consuming
because ________.
Select one:
a. members have to learn how to perform new functional tasks
b. most cross-functional team members are comprised of individuals from
similar backgrounds
c. members must research the causes of problems which they are assigned to
solve
 d. members must learn to work with diversity and complexity
e. most cross-functional team members have already established trust
Which of the following types of teams would most likely empower its team
members to make work-related decisions?
Select one:
a. technical
b. problem-solving
c. reactive
d. management
e. self-managed
Which of the following strategies would managers find least helpful for turning
individuals into team players?
Select one:
a. setting goals
b. encouraging mentorship
c. providing training
d. selecting appropriate candidates
e. rewarding cooperative efforts
Which of the following qualities is not found in work groups?
Select one:
a. energy
b. enthusiasm
c. objectives
d. security
e. synergy
Sharon has an assertive personality and naturally tends to be the one to resolve
conflicts with other teams or departments about the team direction. She is a
strong defender and is fiercely loyal to the other members on her team. Sharon is
most likely suited for which of the following team roles?
Select one:
a. maintainer
b. producer
c. linker
d. assessor
e. controller

When teams are under acute stress, they are particularly likely to have ________.
Select one:
a. resource conflict
b. inaccurate mental models
 c. high reflexivity
d. relationship conflict
e. high self efficacy
Alberto's team is evaluating and developing the data base for the water
pollution data of three cities. He wants his team to have total efficacy. Which
of the following actions can Alberto take to increase team efficacy before the
project starts?
Select one:
a. plan an interpersonal retreat for members in which they must work
together to achieve a goal
b. provide training for the client's software and database training for the
weakest team members
c. spend considerable time evaluating team members and allocating proper
roles for each
d. establish a rewards system based on individual achievement as well as
group incentives
e. make sure that his team is not comprised of more than nine people

Which of the following is not true about virtual teams?

Select one:
a. Members are more focused on production than on process.
b. Members are more satisfied with the group interaction process.
c. They are more task-oriented.
d. There is limited social context.
e. There is an absence of paraverbal cues.
Which of the following is most likely to increase team efficacy?
Select one:
a. ensuring that team goals are challenging
b. limiting time spent in training
c. reducing the number of members on a team
d. providing measurable goals
e. helping the team achieve small successes

Which of the following statements best defines a work group?

Select one:
a. A work group consists of 3 or more people who take on self-supervising
responsibilities.
b. A work group consists of 3 or more people from across departmental or
functional lines.
 c. The performance of a work group is generally greater than the sum of its
inputs from individual members.
d. A work group is a group comprised of 10 or more people.
e. A work group interacts primarily to share information, rather than to
engage in work that requires joint effort.
One stream of research has identified potential team roles that people prefer to
play. The "creator" role is one who ________.
Select one:
a. manages subordinates
b. initiates new ideas
c. champions ideas
d. provides structure
e. coordinates and integrates

_______ teams are an effective way to allow people from diverse areas within an
organization to exchange information, develop new ideas and solve problems,
and coordinate complex projects.
Select one:
a. Self-managed
b. Cross-functional
c. Star matrix
d. Problem-solving
e. Multifaceted

On her work team, Michelle develops detailed tasks lists and work flow charts to
help her team members understand the steps involved in each project. She also
maintains the project calendar and receives periodic updates from each team
member to ensure that projects are progressing on schedule. Which role does
Michelle most likely fill on her team?
Select one:
a. promoter
b. assessor
c. maintainer
d. creator
e. organizer

Which of the following is not a reason for the recent popularity of teams?
Select one:
a. quick assembly and disassembly
b. organizational democratization
c. slower deployment and refocusing
d. increased employee motivation
e. efficient use of employee talent

Diversity is an asset for teams where tasks ________.

Select one:
a. prohibit social loafing
b. are highly technical
c. require a variety of viewpoints
d. require interpersonal solutions
e. are more difficult to solve

Process variables include all of the following except ________.

Select one:
a. climate of trust
b. team efficacy
c. member commitment to a common purpose
d. specific goals
e. minimized social loafing

Evidence shows that teams that switch from a competitive to a cooperative

system do not ________.
Select one:
a. have conflicts
b. distrust each other
c. make rushed decisions
d. share information
e. make poor decisions

Team members with good listening, feedback, and conflict resolution skills
possess ________.
Select one:
a. cognitive appraisal skills
b. technical expertise
c. decision-making skills
d. interpersonal skills
e. problem-solving skills

________ teams are made up of employees from about the same hierarchical level.
Select one:
 a. Multifaceted
b. Cross-functional
c. Self-managed
d. Problem-solving
e. Star matrix

Coasting on the group effort is termed ________.

Select one:
a. half-focus bias
b. dysfunction
c. inconsistency
d. social loafing
e. incompetence

Eva is not getting the results she needs from her data base administration team.
She believes that part of the problem is that they are a virtual team and that they
aren't communicating well. Which of the following is not something that Eva
should do to create an effective virtual team?
Select one:
a. Monitor progress closely.
b. Publicize team successes company wide.
c. Establish trust among the members.
d. Send team results to each other.
e. Allow more independence among members.

Which is not one of the most common types of teams?

Select one:
a. self-managed
b. cross-functional
c. problem-solving
d. virtual
e. interdepartmental

In a ________ team the manager's job becomes managing outside the team.
Select one:
a. reactive
b. self-managed
c. problem-solving
d. management
 e. technical

You find that in a team situation you prefer to be the one who examines details
and is concerned with enforcing rules and regulations. Your role is that of the
________.
Select one:
a. promoter
b. assessor
c. controller
d. maintainer
e. linker

Which of the following is not one of the key components of effective teams?
Select one:
a. supportive contextual influences
b. effective work design
c. appropriate team membership
d. recognized company identity
e. defined team processes and goals

Which of the following types of teams allows for collaboration between team
members who are physically dispersed?
Select one:
a. global
b. local
c. virtual
d. real-time
e. interactive

Evidence tends to suggest that performance across teams will be higher if an

organization ________.
Select one:
a. seeds each team with a few people who score low on conscientiousness
b. forms only teams high in conscientiousness
c. seeds each team with a few people who score high on conscientiousness
d. forms only teams low in conscientiousness
e. forms both teams high in conscientious and teams low in conscientiousness

Which of the following is not a difference between work groups and work teams?
Work groups ________, and work teams ________.
Select one:
a. require joint efforts, are the summation of the individual contribution
b. share information, rely on collective performance
c. rely on independent accountability, rely on mutual and independent
accountability
d. have neutral synergy, have positive synergy
e. have random and varied skills, have complementary skills

What types of people are valuable in teams because they're good at backing up
fellow team members and at sensing when that support is truly needed?
Select one:
a. introverted people
b. agreeable people
c. extroverted people
d. open people
e. conscientious people

Jillian is project lead for a team that is writing, programming, testing, and
performing quality assurance on a new Spanish language software program.
Jillian is in Boston where the developing house is located. Her writers are in
Spain. Her programmers are in India. Her testers are in Texas. And her quality
assurance team is in Argentina. After given clear specifications, each team has
authority to make the necessary decisions to complete their task, or send a task
back to another part of the team. Which of the following best describes Jillian's
team?
Select one:
a. cross-functional face-to-face
b. problem-solving virtual
c. cross-functional virtual
d. self-managed face-to-face
e. problem-solving face-to-face

CHAPTER 8
Rituals perform all of the following functions except that of ________.
Select one:
a. revealing the company's bottom line in terms of net profit
b. revealing the company's view of which people are expendable
c. reinforcing the key values of the organization
d. emphasizing the organization's goals
 e. reinforcing the company's perspective on which people are important

To create a more ethical culture, management should do all of the following

except ________.
Select one:
a. provide ethical training
b. communicate ethical expectations
c. serve as a visible role model
d. cover up unethical acts
e. provide protective mechanisms

New employees are usually comfortable with their organizations by the end of
the ________ stage of socialization.
Select one:
a. exploration
b. metamorphosis
c. adaptation
d. establishment
e. encounter

Which of the following is not a characteristic of organizational culture?

Select one:
a. innovation
b. outcome orientation
c. formality orientation
d. team orientation
e. attention to detail

All of the following are examples of rituals except ________.

Select one:
a. the placement of offices within corporate headquarters
b. fraternity initiations
c. annual award meetings
d. anniversary parties honoring long-time employees
e. singing company songs

The selection process helps candidates learn about an organization. If employees

perceive a conflict between their values and those of the organization, this gives
them a chance to ________.
Select one:
 a. inform the organization of appropriate changes
b. work to change the organization
c. self-select out of the applicant pool
d. rectify their cognitive dissonance
e. express their concerns

Which of the following is not a means of transmitting culture within an

organization?
Select one:
a. material symbols
b. stories
c. language
d. aversion therapy
e. rituals

Cultures within an organization that are defined by departmental designations

are often called ________.
Select one:
a. micro-cultures
b. subcultures
c. divisional cultures
d. microcosms
e. counter cultures

________ orientation is the characteristic of organizational culture that addresses

the degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of
outcomes on people within the organization.
Select one:
a. Relationship
b. People
c. Humanistic
d. Community
e. Team

The primary or dominant values that are accepted throughout the organization
are known as ________.
Select one:
a. manifestos
b. core values
c. shared values
 d. institutional traits
e. foundational values

Elsa joined her new law firm expecting to have a part in exciting environmental
law cases, and cutting edge research. After one month at the firm she still hasn't
been assigned a case and spends most of her time filing standardized appeals for
title disputes with insurance companies. In which stage of the socialization
process is Elsa?
Select one:
a. ritual
b. systemic
c. encounter
d. metamorphosis
e. prearrival

Consistency of behavior is an asset to an organization when it faces ________.

Select one:
a. a dynamic environment
b. massive changes
c. an unknown environment
d. a stable environment
e. social upheaval
Top management has a major impact on the organization's culture through
________.
Select one:
a. properly rewarding management's initiatives
b. socializing new applicants in the pre-hiring phase
c. providing a framework for metamorphosis of new hires
d. establishing norms that filter down through the organization
e. ensuring a proper match of personal and organizational values

The unanimity of a strong culture contributes to all of the following except

________.
Select one:
a. higher product quality
b. cohesiveness
c. organizational commitment
d. close ties between workers within the organization
e. loyalty
All of the following are examples of material symbols except ________.
Select one:
a. private parking spots
b. luxury cars for executives
c. top executives' use of the company jet
d. new employee orientations
e. a swimming pool for the employees to use
Which of the following is not a message conveyed by material symbols?
Select one:
a. who is important
b. appropriate risk-taking behavior
c. who is going to be hired or fired
d. top management's egalitarianism
e. appropriate authoritarian behavior

All of the following are factors that serve to sustain organizational cultures
except ________.
Select one:
a. selection
b. top management
c. orientation
d. socialization
e. frugality

The employee compares her expectations to organizational reality in which stage

of socialization?
Select one:
a. prearrival
b. ritual
c. encounter
d. metamorphosis
e. analysis

Jean works for HJC publishing which is a publisher of scientific journals. The
company is dominated by low risk taking and high attention to detail. Jean's
department is also committed to high team orientation and provides many team-
building activities in which Jean and other department members work together
and socialize. Which of the following statements best describes Jean's
department?
Select one:
 a. It is a subculture sharing core values.
b. It represents the dominant culture.
c. It does not include core values.
d. It has low stability.
e. The organizational culture is undefined.

The process through which employees are adapted to an organization's culture is

called ________.
Select one:
a. socialization
b. mentoring
c. personalization
d. institutionalization
e. intimidation

The macro view of culture that gives an organization its distinct personality is its
________ culture.
Select one:
a. marginal
b. dominant
c. strong
d. sub-
e. national

Larry has an employee that is amazing at clearly seeing rules and enforcing them.
He has recently promoted her to the lead position in quality assurance. Which
aspect of creating a positive organizational culture is Larry utilizing?
Select one:
a. emphasizing organizational vitality and growth
b. building on organization strengths
c. rewarding more than punishing
d. emphasize individual growth
e. building on employee strengths

Organizations that promote a spiritual culture ________.

Select one:
a. tend to downplay the importance of employee satisfaction
b. recognize that people have both a mind and a spirit
c. adopt a corporate religion
d. have organized religious practices
 e. de-emphasize community in the work place

The ultimate source of an organization's culture is ________.

Select one:
a. top management
b. the belief systems of it employees
c. the organization's founders
d. the country in which the organization operates
e. the environment

Javier is starting a job for an advertising agency as a graphic designer. He is

highly creative. Which of the following socialization options would be least
effective in Javier's cultural socialization process?
Select one:
a. Javier is socialized through lunches with each of his team members.
b. Javier is not expected to advance to taking on his own project until he's
ready
c. Javier is appointed a mentor and is told he must follow his mentor's
directions.
d. Javier's boss feels that Javier's skills and experience require little training.
e. Javier in allowed to begin designing a small portion of a project without any
formal training.
What does a positive organizational culture do?
Select one:
a. uses negative reinforcement and punishment
b. emphasizes individual growth
c. emphasizes building on the organization's strengths
d. rarely uses rewards
e. emphasizes organizational vitality
Which of the following is most likely to result from a strong organizational
culture?
Select one:
a. high absenteeism
b. low employee turnover
c. high employee turnover
d. none of the above
e. low employee satisfaction
Jennifer is opening a new clothing boutique and she wants to cultivate a positive,
hip, culture at the store. Which of the following is not something that Jennifer
could do to create the culture that she desires?
Select one:
a. Offer the staff flexible schedules that coordinate with their hobbies or
studies.
b. Hire sales staff that wears the style of clothing that she intends to promote.
c. Dress in very modern and hip fashions for her staff interviews.
d. Establish firm rules and dress codes during the staff orientation
session.
e. Clearly express in a mission statement the type of service desired at the
store.

________ typically contain(s) a narrative of events about the organization's

founders, rule breaking, or reactions to past mistakes.
Select one:
a. Material symbols
b. Reflections
c. Rituals
d. Language
e. Stories

An organizational culture most likely to shape high ethical standards is one

that ________.
Select one:
a. focuses on means as well as outcomes
b. is high in risk tolerance
c. all of the above
d. none of the above
e. is low-to-moderate in aggressiveness

The time when a new employee sees what the organization is really like and
realizes that expectations and reality may diverge is called the ________ stage.
Select one:
a. encounter
b. metamorphosis
c. exploration
d. establishment
e. mirroring
Culture is most likely to be a liability when ________.
Select one:
a. it reduces ambiguity
b. the organization's environment is dynamic
c. the organization's management is ineffectual
d. it increases the consistency of behavior
e. countercultures are integrated into the dominant cultures
Culture creation occurs in all of the following ways except when ________.
Select one:
a. founders' behavior acts as a role model
b. founders indoctrinate and socialize employees to their way of thinking and
feeling
c. founders refuse to be constrained by previous ideologies
d. founders hire and keep employees who think and feel the way they do
e. founders develop their vision covertly

Culture performs all the following functions except ________.

Select one:
a. conveying a sense of identity for organization members
b. facilitating commitment to something larger than individual self-interest
c. enhancing social system stability
d. defining boundaries
e. displaying the dominance of particular organizations

In recent years, ________ has become the primary concern in acquisitions and
mergers.
Select one:
a. cultural compatibility
b. value dominance
c. cultural synergy
d. financial advantages
e. product synergy

The selection process helps sustain the organization's culture

by ________.
Select one:
a. identifying individuals who have the skills to perform certain
jobs
 b. socializing the applicant
c. establishing and enforcing norms
d. rewarding conformity
e. ensuring that candidates fit well within the organization
Alessio's boss doesn't care whether Alessio works at home, at the office, or from
his beach house. All he cares about is that the project is completed on time, on
budget, and with exemplary quality. Which characteristic of organizational
culture best describes this aspect of Alessio's job?
Select one:
a. high attention to detail
b. high stability
c. low risk taking
d. high outcome orientation
e. low aggressiveness
Which one of the following terms is not a component of rituals?
Select one:
a. sequenced activities
b. reinforcement
c. key values
d. material symbols
e. repetition
If there is a basic conflict between the individual's expectations and the reality of
working in an organization, the employee is most likely to be disillusioned and
quit during which stage of socialization?
Select one:
a. prearrival
b. metamorphosis
c. reflection
d. encounter
e. ritual

Randy always turns in reports with punctuation errors. The reports of the
three other employees on the QA report writing team always produce
grammatically clean reports. Randy is about to turn in another report, and
his manager has already noticed errors. Randy demonstrates ________. His
sloppy reports can be attributed to an ________ cause.
Select one:
a. low distinctiveness, low consensus, and high consistency; external
b. low distinctiveness, high consensus, and high consistency; internal
c. high distinctiveness, high consensus, and high consistency; internal
d. high distinctiveness, low consensus, and high consistency; external
e. low distinctiveness, low consensus, and high consistency; internal

What term is used for the tendency to underestimate the influence of external
factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making
judgments about the behavior of others?
Select one:
a. actor bias
b. self-serving bias
c. selective perception
d. fundamental attribution error
e. consistency
Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?
Select one:
a. An employee was promoted because he was hard working.
b. An employee is late because of a flat tire.
c. An employee is late because he was partying late and then overslept.
d. An employee died from lung cancer after excessive tobacco use.
e. An employee was fired because he slept on the job.
Which of the following is not true about our perceptions of a target?
Select one:
a. Objects that are close together will be perceived together rather than
separately.
b. Targets are usually looked at in isolation.
c. Motion, sounds, size, and other attributes of a target shape the way we see
it.
d. Objects that are distant from one another will be perceived separately
rather than as a group.
e. Persons that are similar to each other tend to be grouped together.
Which of the following terms involves making decisions so as to provide the
greatest good for the greatest number?
Select one:
a. humanitarianism
b. satisficing
c. rights
d. utilitarianism
e. justice
What term is used for the extent to which an individual displays different
behaviors in different situations?
Select one:
a. stability
b. distinctiveness
c. flexibility
d. integrity
e. continuity

Which of the following is not true about our perceptions of a target?

Select one:
a. Objects that are distant from one another will be perceived separately rather
than as a group.
b. Persons that are similar to each other tend to be grouped together.
c. Targets are usually looked at in isolation.
d. Objects that are close together will be perceived together rather than
separately.
e. Motion, sounds, size, and other attributes of a target shape the way we see
it.

What segment of the three-component model of creativity encompasses

personality characteristics that are associated with imagination?
Select one:
a. creative thinking skills
b. intrinsic task motivation
c. realization
d. expertise
e. intuition

What is the segment of the three-component model of creativity that is the

foundation for all creative work?
Select one:
a. intrinsic task motivation
b. creative thinking skills
c. realization
d. intuition
e. expertise

What term is used for the extent to which an individual displays different
behaviors in different situations?
Select one:
 a. distinctiveness
b. continuity
c. stability
d. integrity
e. flexibility

Which of the following is an example of externally caused behavior?

Select one:
a. An employee was fired because he slept on the job.
b. An employee is late because of a flat tire.
c. An employee died from lung cancer after excessive tobacco use.
d. An employee is late because he was partying late and then overslept.
e. An employee was promoted because he was hard working.

Your boss never gives you the benefit of the doubt. When you arrived late from
lunch, he assumed that you had simply taken too much time. He never considered
that the elevators were out and you had to walk up 10 flights of stairs. Your boss
is guilty of ________.
Select one:
a. fundamental attribution error
b. stereotyping
c. inconsistency
d. selective perception
e. self-serving bias

Which of the following is not an organizational constraint to decision making?

Select one:
a. formal regulations
b. system-imposed time constraints
c. personality
d. reward systems
e. performance evaluations

Avoiding making decisions on Friday the 13th can be an example of which bias?
Select one:
a. randomness
b. substitution
c. confirmation
d. representative
 e. commitment

Which of the following is not a way to increase creativity?

Select one:
a. avoid risks and trying new things
b. establish a happy work environment
c. spend time with creative people
d. increase your knowledge about the subject
e. travel to another country

Which of the following is not a factor in the individual perceiver?

Select one:
a. expectation
b. location
c. attitude
d. perception
e. motive

Avoiding making decisions on Friday the 13th can be an example of which bias?
Select one:
a. confirmation
b. substitution
c. randomness
d. representative
e. commitment

The tendency to prefer a sure thing describes which decision making bias?
Select one:
a. bounded rationality
b. hindsight bias
c. risk aversion
d. randomness
e. escalation of commitment

Where is overconfidence most likely to surface?

Select one:
a. among higher wage earners
 b. outside your area of expertise
c. in your area of expertise
d. with more education and training
e. among older workers

What is the term used for a general impression about an individual based on a
single characteristic such as intelligence, sociability, or appearance?
Select one:
a. the halo effect
b. projection
c. personal bias
d. contrast effects
e. prejudice
Shortcuts in judging others include all of the following except ________.
Select one:
a. stereotyping
b. halo effect
c. the Pygmalion effect
d. projection
e. self-serving bias

What is another name for a self-fulfilling prophecy?

Select one:
a. Pygmalion effect
b. prototyping
c. self-selecting bias
d. halo effect
e. projection

CHAPTER 5
1. Which of the following defines autonomy?
Select one:
a. the degree to which a job requires completion of a whole and identifiable
piece of work
b. the degree to which a job requires a variety of different activities
c. the degree to which a job provides the worker freedom in scheduling and
procedure
d. the degree to which work activities generates direct and clear information
about performance
e. the degree to which a job has an impact on the lives or work of other people

2. Beyond redesigning the nature of the work itself and involving employees in
decisions, another approach to making the work environment more motivating is
to alter work arrangements. Which of the following is designed to give an
employee greater control of their schedule?
Select one:
a. job sharing
b.flex time
c. telecommuting
d. job rotation
e. job enrichment

3. What is the term used for a pay plan where pay levels are based on how many
skills employees have or how many jobs they can do?
Select one:
a. ESOP
b. flexible pay
c. gainsharing
d. a variable pay plan
e. skill-based pay

4. Which of the following is the principal drawback from job sharing?

Select one:
a. difficulty in finding compatible partners
b. difficulty in coordinating schedules
c. too much job flexibility is hard to manage
d. increased benefits costs for two employees
e. drawing on multiple talents for one job

5. How is gainsharing an improvement on profit sharing?

Select one:
a. It focuses on productivity gains rather than profits.
b. Superior employees can receive incentive awards even when the organization
isn't profitable.
c. It rewards specific behaviors.
d. It rewards behaviors that are less influenced by external factors.
e. It does not distribute profits, only gains in profits.
6. What percentage of today's workforce is single with no dependents, and thus
requiring fewer benefits.
Select one:
a. 10
b. 25
c. 70
d. 5
e.
40

7. According to the job characteristics model, which of the following results in the
maximum internal rewards for an individual?
Select one:
a. when their training is realized and their expectations are met
b. when they learn that they personally have performed well on a task that they
care about
c. when they are singled out for praise for successfully completing an arduous
task
d. when they are given tangible rewards
e. when they initiate a program that enables them to work with a variety of like-
minded colleagues

8. Much of the compensation of traders at Synalco, a metals trading company, is

in the form of stock options. The amount of options distributed is based on the
company's net profits. What sort of compensation plan is this?
Select one:
a. employee ownership
b. ESOP
c. gainsharing
d.profit sharing
e. merit based

9. What is an advantage of bonuses over merit pay?

Select one:
a. Employees don't view bonuses as pay.
b. Bonuses are based on an objective output
c. Pay levels are based on employees' skills
d. Bonuses are paid based on a formula
e. Employees are rewarded for recent performance
10. Sue wants to go back to work after having taken a few years off while the kids
were young. Her husband earns a good living, and they both want Sue to be
available for the children's events and at home after school. School gets out at
2:20. When looking for a job, which of the following schedules would be most
appealing for Sue?
Select one:
a. enter at 6:00 a.m. and leave at 3:00 p.m., Monday through Friday
b. enter and leave any time between 6:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., Monday through
Friday
c. enter at 8:00 a.m. and leave at 7:00 p.m., Monday through Thursday,
Fridays off
d. enter at 8:00 a.m. and leave at 5:00 p.m., Monday through Friday
e. enter at 9:00 a.m. and leave at 1:00 p.m., Monday through Friday

11. What are modular benefit plans?

Select one:
a. a scheme designed for employees with families
b. they allow employees to set aside funds up to the dollar amount offered in the
plan to pay for services
c. a scheme designed for single employees with no dependents
d. pre-designed packages of benefits
e. essential benefits and a menu-like selection of other benefits

12. Which of the following are all forms of variable-pay programs?

Select one:
a. retirement benefits, extended vacations, wage incentive plans
b. wage rate increases, bonuses, flex time
c. wage incentive plans, flex time, piece-rate
d. piece-rate, merit-based pay, gainsharing
e. profit-sharing, lump-sum bonuses, extended vacations

13. A trucking company routinely makes all of its office staff work for a week in
the warehouse area: loading trucks, cleaning trucks, and doing other work which
they are capable of. This program is an example of which of the following?
Select one:
a. job sharing
b. job rotation
c. job enrichment
d. job enlargement
e. flex time

14. Experience shows that the greatest value of representative participation is

which of the following?
Select one:
a. decreased absenteeism
b. increased commitment
c. increased motivation
d. symbolic
e. increased satisfaction

15. What is another term for cross-training?

Select one:
a. work enlargement
b. job rotation
c. work enrichment
d. job enhancement
e. job sharing

16. Job enrichment increases the degree to which the worker controls the ________.
Select one:
a. feedback that a worker receives from his or her supervisor and peers
b. evaluation of his or her peers
c. planning, execution, and evaluation of his or her work
d. planning, execution, and evaluation of company plans
e. horizontal integration of his or her tasks

17. An arrangement that allows two or more individuals to split a traditional 40-
hour-a-week job is called ________.
Select one:
a. job rotation
b. flex time
c. telecommuting
d. job enrichment
e. job sharing

18. Which of the following has not been shown to be a benefit of flex time?
Select one:
a. improved productivity
b. increased meaningfulness
c. increased satisfaction
d. improved promptness
e. reduced absenteeism

19. What sort of plan is a company-established benefit plan where employees

acquire stock as part of their benefits?
Select one:
a. ESOP
b. MBO program
c. job redesign
d. piece-rate
e. quality circle

20. Which of the following is not one of the most widely used variable-pay
programs?
Select one:
a. piece-rate wages
b. flat pay
c. profit-sharing plans
d. employee stock ownership
e. merit-based pay

21. In the job characteristics model (JCM), what three core job dimensions
combine to create meaningful work?
Select one:
a. skill variety, task identity, and task significance
b. skill variety, autonomy, and task significance
c. autonomy, task identity, and feedback
d. feedback, task identity, and task significance
e. skill variety, autonomy, and feedback

22. Which one of the following is not one of the guidelines for enriching jobs
based on the job characteristics model?
Select one:
a. form telecommuting units
b. combine tasks
c. expand jobs vertically
d. open feedback channels
e. establish client relationships
23. Research studies conducted on the participation-performance relationship
show that the use of participation ________.
Select one:
a. increases motivation
b. has only a modest influence on employee productivity
c. lowers costs considerably
d. greatly influences employee attitudes
e. enhances job satisfaction

24. What is the main strength of job rotation?

Select one:
a. It decreases training costs
b. It increases motivation
c. It decreases supervisor work load.
d. It eliminates management involvement
e. It increases productivity

25. Research on employee stock ownership programs indicates that they are
clearly successful in doing which of the following?
Select one:
a. increasing productivity
b. increasing employee satisfaction
c. reducing stress
d. increasing employee expectations
e. reducing salaries

26. Which of the following is not one of the core job dimensions in the job
characteristics model (JCM)?
Select one:
a. feedback
b. task significance
c. autonomy
d. status
e. skill variety

27. How do most employees react to job enrichment?

Select one:
a. decreased production
b. decreased job satisfaction
c. increased turnover
d. increased job satisfaction
e. increased absenteeism

28. A firm introduces job enrichment in order to motivate its employees.

Evidence would suggest that which of the following is the most likely result of
this change?
Select one:
a. reduced absenteeism and turnover costs
b. lower fixed costs
c. a decrease in productivity
d. a drop in quality
e. an increase in productivity

29. What term is used for a participative process that uses the entire capacity of
employees and is designed to encourage increased commitment to the
organization's success?
Select one:
a. OB Mod
b. reengineering
c. MBO
d. employee involvement
e. job sharing

30. Which of the following is a not a management benefit of telecommuting?

Select one:
a. decreased benefits expenses
b. larger labor pool for recruitment
c. higher productivity of employees
d. improved morale in general
e. decreased office expenditures