Conveying

Equipment
Himadri Sen Gupta
Lecturer
Department of Industrial and Production Engineering
Military Institute of Science and Technology, Dhaka
BELT
CONVEYOR
Belt Conveyor
Parts of belt conveyors (Cntd)

According to their location on the conveyors, idlers are classified as upper

(supporting the loaded strand of the belt) and lower (supporting the idler return
strand of the belt).

3. Centering device: Several reasons, such as eccentric loading, soiling,

sticking of the material to the pulleys and rollers etc., may cause the belt to run
crooked. To prevent the belt from running off the rollers, special “Belt training
idlers” of various designs are used. These idlers automatically maintain belt
alignment with respect to a device (idlers) called centering device.
Parts of belt conveyors (Cntd)

4. Take ups: A take-up is an assembly of structural and mechanical parts

which provides the means to maintain the proper tension on and to
adjust the length of the belt to compensate for stretch.

5. Drive units: In belt conveyors motive power is transmitted to the belt

by friction as it wraps around the driving pulley rotted by an electric
motor. Drives of inclined conveyors include a braking device which
prevents slipping back of the loaded belt under the weight of the
material conveyed if the current supplying the motor is interrupted.
Take-up Elective Drive-unit
 Parts of belt conveyors (Cntd)
6. Loading & discharging: Loading depends on the nature & characteristics of
the load conveyed and the method of loading.
Example: Charging
For piece goods → various types of chutes are directly loaded onto the belt.
For loose materials → feed hopper
Discharging: Generally employed by
Scrapper ploughs
A throw – off carriage known as tripper (only used for bulk materials)
Discharging
Parts of belt
conveyors (Cntd)
7. Belt Cleaner:
In case of dry particles: The clinging dry
particles are cleaned by scrapper/wiper
In case of wet and sticky materials:
Revolving brushes are used
Scrappers are mounted on → end pulley
Brushes are mounted on → lower num.
Belt cleaners are mounted near the
discharge pulley.
Parts of belt conveyors (Cntd)
Belt Cleaner
 Parts of belt
conveyors (Cntd)
8. Automated hold back brakes: A sudden stoppage of a
loaded inclined belt conveyor may cause slipping back of the
loaded belt. This will happen if longitudinal component of
load weight which is larger than the forces of frictional
resistance to belt motion.

- To prevent this type of spontaneous movement of the belt,

a special hold back brake is mounted on the main or
auxiliary shaft which keep inclined in conveyor.
Parts of belt conveyors (Cntd)

9. Conveyor frame:
- It is a supporting structure of the
conveyor & is usually electrical welded
- Consists of longitudinal beams, up-
rights & cross pieces
 Convey great variety of unit loads & bulk loads

Foundry shop to convey mold or sand

Deliver fuel in power plant

Application of belt Distribution of molding sand

conveyors Coal or ores mining

Cement & food industries

Carry articles of light weight in line production

from one operation to another.
Advantages of belt conveyors

• High capacity 500-5000 m3 /hour or more

• Ability to transport loads for long distance (500-1000m or up)
• Simplicity in design
• Comparatively low in own weight
• Reliable source
• Convenient operation
• Less skill required to operate
Flight Conveyor

Ordinary solid flight conveyors consist of

essentially of open trough secured on
frame work, along with runs the putting
member fitted the terminal sprockets &
pulleys and takes its motion from drive
unit & it initially tensioned by take up.
Working Principle

• The material to be conveyed is loaded into the trough at any point along the
carrying run & is pushed by the flights.
• Discharge can be effected at any point through openings in the trough, shut with
gates or sliding doors.
• Both the lower and upper strands of the conveyor can served as loaded stands.
• When necessary it can convey materials simultaneously in opposite direction.
Flight
Conveyor
Application

CONVEY VARIOUS POWDERED, MOSTLY USING COAL MINING TRANSPORT HOT ASHES &
GRANULAR & FREE FLOWING OPERATIONS. SLUG.
LUMP MATERIALS.
 Advantages

• Simple design
• Ability to convey in both direction.
Advantages & • Easy loading & unloading at any point
along the conveying run.

Disadvantages Disadvantages

• Crushing & breaking of the materials

during transportation
• Rapid wear of trough & moving parts.
• Can not transport load for long
distance(50-60m)
• Low capacity & it is (150-200) tons per
hour.
Let's Differentiate Belt Conveyor and Flight Conveyor
Difference
Belt Conveyor Flight Conveyor
Between Belt Can not transport hot ashes & Can transport hot ashes & slag.
Conveyor & slag.
Flight Conveyor Ability to convey in one Ability to convey in both
direction. direction.
Loading and unloading takes Easy loading & unloading at any
place at the specified point.
position/fixed point.
Can transport load for long Can not transport load for long
distance (500-1000m or more). distance (50-60m).

High capacity. Low capacity (150-200 tons per

hour).
Comparatively low in own Comparatively high in own
weight. weight.
Less skill required to operate Comparatively skill required.
 • Trough: The Trough is a welded structure
Different made of 4-6 mm sheet steel of rectangular or
trapezoidal or of rolled profiles.

Parts of • Troughs may be stumped of sheet steel.

• In conveyors designed to handle light-

Flight of weight materials (such as sawdust, grail

etc ). The trough may be of wood.

Conveyors
• The clearance between flight & trough
should be (3-6) mm.
• The trough is assembled of 4-6 m long
sections.
 • Drive Unit: The drive unit is of the usual type,
commonly supplied with a reducing gear.
Different • It’s duty to protect gear against breakages
in case of an accidental overloads
Parts of
• Take Up Unit: The take up chain & flight
Flight of conveyors is of the screw or spring and screw
Conveyors type.
(Cntd) • Frame Work: The frame work of flight
conveyors is generally welded of rolled
profiles & assembled of separate sections.
 Different Parts of • Flights: Flat rectangular flight symmetrically fastened
Flight of Conveyors on roller chains to carry the flights have found the most
extensive application.
(Cntd) • Are one of the most frequently used types is the
box-type flight conveyor with having longitudinal
slide plates.
• Pulling Member: The reliable and effective operation
& long service life of a conveying machine will be
ensured if the pulling member wraps freely around
drums, sprockets & pulleys of small diameter.
• Combines high strength & low weight.
• The conveying machine without a pulling member
will not fit into general classification as they have no
identical purpose.
Screw Conveyor
 Screw
Conveyor
 CONVEY SMALL DRY, CONVEY NON-ABRASIVE
GRANULAR, POWDER MATERIAL.

Application MATERIAL.

CONVEY NON PACKING CONVEY NON STICKY

MATERIAL. MATERIAL.
 ▪ Small space required.
▪ Simplicity of design.
Advantages ▪ Easy to maintain.
▪ Small width.
▪ Can convey dusty and hot material.
 • Carry only non-packing material.
• High power consumption.

Disadvantages • Rapid wear of the screw parts.

• Crushing and breaking of material.
• Used for low & medium capacity (up to 100 m3 / hr.).
• Can not convey load for long distance.
Different Types
of Screw

• Solid Continuous: Mainly

used for granular
powdered material.
• Ribbon: used for lumpy
material.
• Paddle Flight: can convey
unit load.
• Cut Flight
Hydraulic Conveyor

Hydraulic conveying consists in moving bulk materials

along pipes or troughs (channel) in a steam of water.
• Principle
• The mixture of material & water is generally
termed as pulp.
• In pressure conveying systems the pulp is
moved by the pressure created by a natural
difference in levels or by means of mechanical
devices (pumps, hydraulic elevators etc.).
• In trough (channel) and gravity-flow systems it
flows down an incline.
 Various branches of industry and
construction work.

Electric power plant for ash & slug

from boiler room.
Application
Mining operation.

Digging up the river.

 Advantages & Disadvantages

Advantages Disadvantages
Long conveying run. Increase air humidity when operating in
High capacity. closed premises.

Comparatively simple equipment required. Freeze the water under low ambient
temperature.
Low running cost
Limited number of materials that may be
Transportation can be combined with certain transported in water.
technological process (such as quenching,
washing, cooling etc.) High water consumption.
Pneumatic
Conveyor
 • Pneumatic or air conveyor serves to convey
bulk materials (or unit loads in special carries)
in a steam of air moving through a duct.
Pneumatic
• The operating principle common to all types of
Conveyor pneumatic handling installations is that motion
is imparted to the load by a front moving
stream of air.
 • Industries, construction works, silos of
plants, rail and water transport.
• Convey variety of dry & free flowing and
Application/U powdered materials.
se • Used to convey cement, coal dust, saw
dust.
• Bulk materials within shop and stores.
 • Advantages
Advantages • Pneumatic conveyors transporting materials in a
steam of air have a number of significant
& advantages, namely:
• The materials are transported in a
Disadvantag hermitically sealed pipe and loses are
es obviated.
• Economical in space.
• Easy to automation.
• Can operate for a long distance.
• Disadvantages
• High power consumption.
• Sticky materials can not be transport.
• Not suitable for moist parking.
• The noise of blower is so high.
Questions ?????