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Lesson 1 DRRR

The document discusses hydrometeorological hazards in the Philippines, specifically typhoons. It outlines the public storm signal levels from 1 to 5 based on increasing wind speeds. For each signal level, it summarizes the expected wind speeds, sea conditions, and potential damage to structures and vegetation. The higher the storm signal, the greater the wind speeds and more severe the expected damage. A Signal 5 indicates a super typhoon with winds over 220 kph that can cause widespread and severe damage.

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37 views

Lesson 1 DRRR

The document discusses hydrometeorological hazards in the Philippines, specifically typhoons. It outlines the public storm signal levels from 1 to 5 based on increasing wind speeds. For each signal level, it summarizes the expected wind speeds, sea conditions, and potential damage to structures and vegetation. The higher the storm signal, the greater the wind speeds and more severe the expected damage. A Signal 5 indicates a super typhoon with winds over 220 kph that can cause widespread and severe damage.

Uploaded by

mynameisjustinemontilla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lesson 2 DRRR 2nd Quarter

HYDROMETEOROLOGICAL HAZARDS
The Philippine Islands are prone to all kinds of natural hazards because of their
geographical location and physical environment. The country is strategically
located in the path of turbulent and destructive cyclones in the Pacific, and the
“Ring of Fire”. This situation has adverse effects, not only on the lives and
properties of the Filipino people, but also on the economy of the nation, as hazard
impacts may result in widespread environmental and property damages.

Hydrometeorological Hazards are dangers associated with the natural processes


of phenomena involved in the transfer of water and energy between the land
surface and lower atmosphere. Among the hazards associated with these are
typhoons, thunderstorms, flash floods, floods, storm surges, tornadoes, El Niño and
La Niña.
• CYCLONE - TYPHOON
A cyclone is an intense low pressure system which is characterized by strong spiral
winds towards the center, called the “Eye” in a counter-clockwise flow.
It is called….
• Hurricane in the Atlantic Ocean or the eastern Pacific Oceans
• Typhoons in the western North Pacific and Philippines
• Cyclone in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific Ocean
A typhoons, or bagyo in Filipino are intense circulating winds with heavy rain over
tropical waters and land.
Tropical Depression: up to 61 kph
Tropical Storm: 62 to 88 kph
Severe tropical storm: 89 to 117 kph
Typhoon: 118 to 220 kph
Super Typhoon: exceeding 220 kph
Public Storm Signal No. 1 – Winds of 30-60 kph are expected
Public Storm Signal No. 2 – Winds greater than 60 kph and up to 100 kph may
expected in at least 24 hours
Public Storm Signal No. 3 – Winds greater than 100 kph-185kph may expected in
at least 18 hours
Public Storm Signal No. 4 – Very strong winds of more than 185kph but less than
220 kph may expected in at least 12 hours
Public Storm Signal No. 5 – Maximum sustained winds of more than 220 kph may
be experienced within 12 hours
Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #1
• WINDS: 30-60 kph may be expected in at least 36 hr
SEA CONDITIONS (Open Sea)
Wave Height: 1.25-4.0 meters

DAMAGE TO STRUCTURE:
• Very light or no damage to high risk structures,
• Light to medium and low risk structures
• Slight damage to some houses of very light materials or makeshift structures
in exposed communities.

DAMAGE TO VEGETATION:
• Some banana plants are tilted, a few downed and leaves are generally
damaged
• Twigs of small trees may be broken.
• Rice crops, however, may suffer significant damage when it is in its flowering
stage.
Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #2
WINDS: 61-120 kph may be expected in at least 24 hr
SEA CONDITIONS (Open Sea)
Wave Height:4.1-14.0 m
Storm surge possible at coastal areas.
DAMAGE TO STRUCTURE:
• Light to Moderate damage to high risk structures;
• Very light to light damage to medium-risk structures;
• No damage to very light damage to low risk structures
• Unshielded, old dilapidated schoolhouses, makeshift shanties, and other
structures of light materials are partially damaged or unroofed.
• Some old galvanized iron (G.I.) roofs may be peeled or blown off.
• Some wooden, old electric posts are tilted or downed.
• Some damage to poorly constructed signs/billboards.
DAMAGE TO VEGETATION:
• Most banana plants, a few mango trees, ipil-ipil and similar trees are downed
or broken.
• Some coconut trees may be tilted with few others broken.
• Rice and corn may be adversely affected.
• Considerable damage to shrubbery and trees with some heavy-foliaged trees
blown down.
Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #3
WINDS: 121-170 kph may be expected in at least 18 hr
SEA CONDITIONS (Open Sea)
Wave Height: > 14.0 meters
Storm surge possible at coastal.
DAMAGE TO STRUCTURE:
• Heavy damage to high–risk structures;
• Moderate damage to medium-risk structures;
• Light damage to low-risk structures
• Increasing damage to old, dilapidated residential structures and houses of
light materials (up to 50% in a community)
• Houses of medium strength materials (old, timber or mixed timber-CHB
structures, usually with G.I. roofings), some warehouses or bodega-type
structures are unroofed
DAMAGE TO VEGETATION: Almost all banana plants are downed, some big trees
(acacia, mango, etc.) are broken or uprooted,
• Dwarf-type or hybrid coconut trees are tilted or downed
• Considerable damage to shrubbery and trees with heavy foliage blown off;
some large trees blown down.
Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #4
WINDS: 171-220 kph may be expected in at least 12 hr
SEA CONDITIONS (Open Sea)
Wave Height: more than 14.0 meters
Storm surge 2-3m possible at coastal areas.
DAMAGE TO STRUCTURE:
• Very heavy damage to high –risk structures.
• Heavy damage to medium risk structures;
• Moderate damage to low-risk structures
• Considerable damage to structures of light materials (up to 75% are totally
and partially destroyed); complete roof structure failures.
• Many houses of medium-built materials are unroofed, some with collapsed
walls; extensive damage to doors and windows
• A few houses of first-class materials are partially damaged
• All signs/billboards are blown down.
DAMAGE TO VEGETATION: There is almost total damage to banana plantation,
• Most mango trees, ipil-ipil and similar types of large trees are downed or
broken.
• Coconut plantation may suffer extensive damage.
• Rice and corn plantation may suffer severe losses.
Tropical Cyclone Wind Signal #5
WINDS: > 220 kph may be expected in at least 12 hr
A Super Typhoon will affect the locality.
SEA CONDITIONS (Open Sea)
Wave Height: more than 14.0 m
Storm surge more than 3 meters possible at coastal areas
DAMAGE TO STRUCTURE:
• Widespread damage to high-risk structures
• Very heavy damage to medium-risk structures
• Heavy damage to low-risk structures;
• Almost total damage to structures of light in highly exposed coastal areas.
• Complete roof failure on many residences and industrial buildings. Severe
and extensive window and door damage
• Most residential and institutional buildings of mixed construction may be
severely damaged.
• Electrical power distribution and communication services severely disrupted.
• All signs/billboards blown
DAMAGE TO VEGETATION:
• Total damage to banana plantation
• Most tall trees are broken, uprooted or defoliated;
• Coconut trees are stooped, broken or uprooted.
• Few plants and trees survived

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