Philippine Indigenous Community

THE PEOPLING OF THE PHILIPPINES WHO ARE THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

1. Creationism Indigenous People
 Creationist are frequently requested to
- The word “indigenous” comes from the Latin word
propose a theory of creation, namely, why the
“indigen” which means native or original
particular life forms that exist were created.
inhabitant – an idea that became popular in the
2. Migration Wave Theory
17th century
 According to Dr. Henry Otly Beyer, the
ancestors of the filipinos came in different Different Definitions
“wave of migration”.
 Asian Development Bank Framework
First Hominins - defines IP’s as “those with social or cultural
identity distinct from the dominant or
 Ardipithecus Ramidus – early stages (4.4M)
mainstream society.
 Australopithecus Afarencis – Lucy/ Ape like,
 International Labor Organizations Framework
Human like (3.9 – 2.9M)
- the IP are characterized first by their historical
 Homo Habilis – homo genus-tools (2.8 –
continuity, and their societies thriving during
1.5M)
pre-conquest and colonized.
 Homo Erectus – upright man (1.9 – 140k)
- The territorial connection and their ancestors
 Neanderthals – Europe and part of Asia -
inhabiting the country or a region of the
cultural practices (130 – 40k)
country of which they have claim.
 Homo sapiens – present language (300)
- They have distinct social, economic, cultural,
Dawn Man – related to: java man and peking man and political institutions and retain either
some or all of their institutions.
Negritos – aboriginal hunters and gathers via land
 United Nations Framework
bridges.
- having historical continuity with pre-invasion
Indonesian – across the sea and pre-colonial societies that developed in
the territories.
Malays – introduced iron age dominant group - That consider themselves distinct from other
3. Core Population Theory sectors of those societies that are now
- Suggest that early inhabitants of Southeast prevailing on those territories or part of them.
Asia were once of the same ethnic group with - That form at present non-dominant sectors of
similar culture, but eventually- through a society and are determined to preserve,
gradual process driven by environmental develop and transmit to future generations
factors – differentiated themselves from one their ancestral territories and their ethnic
another. (Felipe Landa Jocano) identity.
4. Austronesian Hypothesis  World Health Organization
- Petter Bellwood suggest that the growth of - Identify themselves and are recognized and
the population of the Philippines is a result of accepted by their community as indigenous.
a group of people from Asia known as - Demonstrate historical continuity with pre-
Austronesians. colonial and/or pre-settler societies.
- Out of Taiwan - Have strong links to territories and
5. Nusantao Hypothesis surrounding natural resources.
- This theory aims to explain the spread of - Have distinct social, economic, and political
people by looking closely at their cultural systems.
traits rather than language. - Maintain distinct language, cultures and
- Boats/ material culture beliefs
- By Wilhelm Solhein - Resolve to maintain and reproduce their
ancestral environments and systems as
distinctive people and communities.
 since time immemorial, occupied, possessed,
Summary:
and utilized such territories.

 Self-identification The PH Indigenous People

 Ancestral Roots and Descent  110 Ethno-linguistic groups
 Historical Continuity and Way of Life  Estimated population of 14 million
 Ancestral Language Sustained
 Estimated 16% of PH population
 Ancestral Land Claim
 Distinct Way of Life and Non-Dominance
 Cordillera and Region I
 Aspirations for Self-Preservation and Self-
Determination - Bontoc, Balangao, Isneg, Tinguian,
Kankaney, Karao, Ibaloi, Kalanguya, Ifugao,
Tuwali, Kalinga, Bago, Applai, etc.
INDIGENOUS PEOPLES RIGHTS ACT R.A. 8371  Region II, Caraballo Mountains
( IPRA LAW) - Agta, Kalanguya, Bugkalot, Isinai,
Gaddang, Aggay, Dumagat, Ibanag, Itawis,
- An act to recognize, protect, and promote the Ivatan, Yogad, etc.
rights of indigenous cultural  Region III, Rest of Luzon/Siera Madre
communities/indigenous peoples, creating a Mountains (RIII, RIV, &RV)
national commission on indigenous people, - Aeta, Negrito, Abelling, Agta, Dumagat,
establishing implementing mechanisms, Remontado, Bugkalot, Cimaron, Kabihug,
appropriating funds therefor, and for other Tabangnon, Abiyan, Isarog, Itom, etc.
purposes.  Island Groups (RVI & RVII)
- 13 chapters and 83 sections - Agutaynon, Tagbanua, Dagayanen, Tao’t
- Signed by President Fidel V. Ramos on Bato, Batak, Pala’wan, Molbog, Iraya
October 29, 1997 Mangyan, Hanunuo Mangyan, Alangan
- 10 years after the 1987 Constitution Mangyan, Buhid Mangyan, Tadyawan
Recognition of Indigenous People Rights Duting Mangyen, Batangan Mangyen, Gubatnon
Colonization Mangyan, Ratagnon Mangyan, Ati,
Cuyunon, Sulod/Bukidnon, Magahat
 Regalian Doctrine Korolanos, Ata, Bukidnon, Escaya, Badjao,
- “The King owns everything” etc.
- Encomienda System  Southern and Eastern Mountains (RXI &
 Native Title Doctrice RXIII)
- “Time immemorial possession” - Manobo, Mandaya, Mansaka, Dibabawon,
- In IPRA, Native title is defined as pre- Banwaon, Bagobo, Ubo Manobo,
conquest rights to lands and domains Tagakaolo, Talaingod, Higaonon, Blaan,
which, as far back as memory reaches. T’Boli, Kalagan, Tagabawa, Mangguangan,
- Before the Spanish Conquest Tigwahanon, Sangil, Agusan Manobo, etc.
- Have never been public lands  Northern and Western Mountains (RIX & RX)
Who are the Indigenous People according to the - Manobo, Subanen, Arumanen Manobo,
IPRA Law? (chapter ii, section 3) Araka Manobo, Teduray, Dibabawon,
Banwaon, Bagobo, Ubo Manobo,
- Refers to a group of people of homogenous Tagakaolo, Talaingod, Langilan, Blaan,
societies identified by self-ascription and T’Boli, Kalagan, Tagabawa, Manobo Blit,
ascription by organized community on Matigsalog, Tighawanon, Tagabawa,
communally bounded and defined territory, Sangil, etc.
and who have, under claims of ownership  Central Mindanao (RXII)
- Aromanon, Tiruray, Bagobo, Ubo Manobo,
Higaonon, Subanen, Iranon, B’laan,
Lambangian, etc.