CALCUTTA PILOT TRAINING INSTITUTE

Instrumentation
Name: ……………………… Date: ………………….
Full Marks: Marks Obtained: ……………..

1. For a coordinated rate one turn at an AOB of 27°, TAS should be:
A. 200kts
B. 250kts
C. 270kts
2. The velocity maximum operating (V.M.O.) is a speed expressed in:
a) calibrated airspeed (CAS).
b) computed airspeed (COAS).
c) equivalent airspeed (EAS).
d) true airspeed (TAS).
3. The limits of the white scale of an airspeed indicator are:
a) VSI for the lower limit and VFE for the upper limit
b) VSO for the lower limit and VFE for the upper limit
c) VSO for the lower limit and VLE for the upper limit
d) VSI for the lower limit and VLE for the upper limit

4. The limits of the green scale of an airspeed indicator are:

a) VS1 for the lower limit and VLO for the upper limit
b) VS1 for the lower limit and VNE for the upper limit
c) VSO for the lower limit and VNO for the upper limit
d) VS1 for the lower limit and VNO for the upper Limit
5. VNE is the maximum speed:
a) with flaps extended in landing position
b) not to be exceeded except in still air and with caution
c) at which the flight controls can be fully deflected
d) which must never be exceeded
6. What will the turn needle indicate in a slightly banked turn?
A. Yaw rate
B. Angular velocity about the vertical axis
 C. Roll rate
7. For a coordinated rate one turn at 250ktsTAS, the correct AOB is:
A. 23°
B. 25°
C. 32°
8. ASI is calibrated to :
A. Conditions of ISA
B. Conditions of ISA at MSL
C. An air density of 1013 gm / cubic meter
9. Gyro in ROT indicator has (1) operating speed than Gyros used in the other instruments
because (ii)
A. i Lower ii Higher rigidity is not required
B. i Same ii Uses the property of rigidity
C. Higher ii Gives a greater operating range.
10. Topple is defined as :-
A. Real wander in Horizontal plane
B. Real wander in Vertical plane
C. Wander Real or Apparent in the Vertical plane
11. A constant disturbing force is applied to a Gyro. If RPM is doubled, the precession rate
will :
A. Remain same
B. Increase
C. Decrease
12. During descent static is blocked, the Mach meter will
A. Have no error because of dual capsule system
B. O/Read
C. U/read
13. When Alternate static source is selected. the greatest error in M. Meter will be
A. Position error
B. Maneuver induced error
C. Density error
14. Carrying out Left Rate One Turn from HDG 050? to 320?. Time taken is
A. 30 sec
B. 90 sec
 C. 60 sec
15. Aircraft altimeter set to QNH 1000mbs. Flies to an area where QNH is 960mbs. Aircraft
will be
A. 1200' High
B. 1200' Low
C. Correct altitude
16. In a VSI, the maneouvre induced error
A. Has significant effect on the reliability of readings
B. Has insignificant effect on the reliability of readings
C. Only affect readings when aircraft rolls
17. In an ASI the sample of static pressure enters
A. Both the capsule and case
B. The case only
C. The capsule only
18. Using IVSI when initiating changes in the aircraft pitch attitude
A. Indication will be reliable when the aircraft is established in unchanging altitude
B. Indications are unreliable at all times
C. Indications are reliable at all times except in turns
19. Increase in altitude at constant TAS will angle of bank required achieve a rate 1 turn
A. Increase
B. Decrease
C. Not affect
20. Barometric altimeter readings can be erratic / inaccurate during landing because
A. Static port can become blocked by debris
B. Static pressure is changed by ground effect
C. Air is warmer closer to the ground, therefore dynamic pressure changes
21. How can the response rate of VSI be improved?
A. By having a choke system
B. By having leaf spring
C. By having accelerometer system
22. When climbing through an isothermal layer at a constant CAS
A. Mach no increases
B. Mach no decreases
C. Mach no remains constant
23. When turning through 180' at constant attitude & bank angle a classic A/H indicates
A. Nose up & correct angle of bank
B. Attitude & bank angle are correct
C. Nose up & bank angle too low
24. What is indicated by lower and upper ends of the white arc on ASI?
A. Vsl and Vfe
B. Vso and Vfe
C. Vfe and Vfo
25. The altimeter indicates true altitude:
A. When temp on ground is +15°C with lapse rate of 2°C/1000ft & correct QNH
B. n ISA conditions only
C. When temp on ground is +15?C with lapse rate of 2?C/1000ft & correct QFE set
26. Both ball and the needle of the TSI are displaced to the right, A/c is
A. Turning right with insufficient TAS
B. Turning right with insufficient CAS
C. Turning left
27. If ball and needle are displaced to the left in a turn, the ball can be centralized by
A. Decreasing TAS
B. Increasing TAS
C. Increasing left bank
28. Real wander of a gyro can be caused by
A. Asymmetrical friction at the spin axis
B. Rotation of the earth
C. Increasing the RPM of the rotor
29. In the NH DRMC card of an aircraft decelerating on easterly HDG will turn
A. Clockwise over read
B. Anti-clockwise over read
C. Anti-clockwise under read
30. If the static source of an altimeter becomes blocked during a descent the instrument will:
a) under-read
b) indicate a height equivalent to the setting on the millibar sub scale
c) gradually indicate zero
d) continue to display the reading at which the blockage occurred
31. In an INS a TAS input is?
 a) Not required.
b) Required for polar navigation.
c) Required for great circle navigation.
d) Required in order to provide a wind velocity read out.
32. The latitude nut................ an artificial horizon?
a) Compensates for transport error.
b) Is not fitted to.
c) Compensates for latitude error.
d) Compensates for earth rate errors.
33. How will a basic Al respond if an aircraft performs a 270 degree turn at constant bank
angle and ROT?
a) Nose up and bank.
b) Nose down and bank.
c) Nose level and bank.
d) Correct bank and pitch.
34. Which statement is true regarding VSI in climb?
A. Pressure inside the capsule equalizes the pressure inside the case
B. Pressure inside the capsule drops faster than the pressure inside the case
C. Pressure inside the case drops faster than the pressure inside the capsule
35. A longitude error in an INS will cause:
a) A failure to align.
b) Poor alignment and degraded accuracy.
c) Will be corrected for once the E/W accelerometer has aligned to true north
d) Will cause no problems at all.
36. A mach meter is made up of?
a) An altimeter with a density capsule.
b) An ASI with an altitude capsule.
c) AVSI with a modified scale
d) An ASI with a modified scale.
37. What is the LSS at 50000 ft in the ISA?
a) 542 Kts.
b) 660 Kts.
c) 573 Kts.
d) 550 Kts.
38. An airborne instrument, equipped with a gyro with 2 degrees of freedom and a
horizontal spin axis is:
a) a fluxgate compass
b) a turn indicator
c) an artificial horizon
d) a directional gyro
39. The vertical speed indicator (VSI) is fed by:
a) differential pressure
b) dynamic pressure
c) total pressure
d) static pressure
40. The mach number is the:
A. corrected airspeed (CAS) divided by the local speed of sound
B. equivalent airspeed (EAS) divided by the local speed of sound
C. indicated airspeed (IAS) divided by the local speed of sound
D. true airspeed (TAS) divided by the local speed of sound
41. The principle of the Mach indicator is based on the computation of the ratio:
a) Pt to Ps
b) (Pt-Ps) to Ps.
c) (Pt+Ps) to Ps
d) (Pt-Ps) to Pt
42. You commence Rate 2 turn from SE to SW in NH. On what Hdg do you stop the turn?
A. 240
B. 255
C. 205.
43. The properties of a Turn Indicator are:
1. One degree of freedom
2. two degrees of freedom
3. two springs connected to the aircraft frame
4. spin axis in the longitudinal plane
5. spin axis parallel to the yaw axis
6. spin axis horizontal

A. 1, & 6
 B. 2, & 5
C. 1, & 4
D. 2, & 6
44. A gravity erector system corrects errors on a:
A. DGI
B. artificial horizon
C. turn indicator
D. RIMC
45. Where is the earth rate wander, and the transport wander of a gyro equal to zero?
A. North Pole
B. Equator
C. 450 N
D. 450 S
46. In a left turn while taxiing, the correct indications are:
A. Needle left, ball right.
B. Needle left, ball left.
C.Needle right, ball right.
D. Needle right, ball left.
47. VLO is defined as:
A . the maximum speed at which to fly with the landing gear retracted
B . the maximum speed at which the landing gear may be retracted or extended
C. the maximum speed at which to fly with the landing gear extended
D. the minimum speed at which to fly with the landing gear extended
48. The local speed of sound at mean sea level at ISA -10°C is:
A. 661 kt b. 650 kt c. 673 kt d. 680 kt
49. What would the compass heading be given a true heading of 247° in an area w
variation is 8°W and a compass deviation of 11°E?
A. 244° b. 247 c. 255° d. 266
50. EAS IS
A. Cas corrected for adiabatic compression
B. las corrected for adiabatic compression
C. las corrected for instrument error
51. If the left static vent is blocked, and the right static vent is clear. What will the altimeter
read if the aircraft maintains constant level?
 A. read correctly whatever the situation
B. under read
C. if side slipping to the left, altimeter will over read.
C. if side slipping to the right, altimeter will over read.
52. A standby artificial horizon must have the following properties:
A. a remote gyro
B. its own power supply
C. only to be used in emergency
B. its own gyro
C. one for each certified pilot
a. all the above
b. 1,3, & 5
c. 2, 3, & 4
d. 2 & 4
53. The combined Machmeter/ASI is subject to the following errors:
a. Position, density, instrument, compressibility, manoeuvre induced
b. Those of the Machmeter only
c. Instrument, pressure and temperature only
d. Instrument and compressibility only
54. You are flying at a constant FL 290 and constant mach number. The total temperature
increases by 5°. The CAS will:
a. remain approximately constant
b. increase by 10 kts
c. decrease by 10 kts
d. will increase or decrease depending on whether you are above or below ISA.
55. To improve the horizontality of a compass, the magnet assembly is suspended from a
point:
a. On the centre line of the magnet
b. Below the centre of gravity
c. Above the centre of gravity
d. Varying with magnetic latitude
56. Which of the following will effect a direct reading compass?
1. ferrous metals
2. non-ferrous metals
3. electrical equipment
a. 1 only
b. 1&3
c. 1&2
d. all 3.
57. VSI lag is reduced by?
A. Two dashpots responding to acceleration.
B. Two retura springs.
C. Bi-metallic strips.
D. Electronic system.
58. A VSI Indicates increasing ROD by?
A. VSI needle moving downwards.
B. VSI needle moving upwards.
C. VSI needle stationary.
D. The VSI indicates only vertical speeds not acceleration.
59. The component(s) used to align an inertial strap-down unit in the horizontal plane is/are:
A. Accelerometers and gyroscopes
B. Accelerometers
C. Flow inductors
D. Gyroscopes
60. The Directional Gyro Indicator (DCI) can:
A. not align itself with magnetic north
B. can automatically align itself with magnetic north
C. have 1° of freedom
D. have 2 of freedom
61. The Pitot tube comprises a mast to position it below the skin of the aircraft for
A. avoid disturbance from aerodynamic flow about the aircraft
B. position it outside the boundary layer
C. anti-ice protection
D. easy access for maintenance
62. What does a radio altimeter, for an aircraft in the landing configuration, measure:
A. height of aircraft wheels above the ground
B. height of the aircraft above the ground
C. altitude of the aircraft
D. altitude of the aircraft wheels
63. Why is a servo altimeter better than a sensitive altimeter/
A. it has a pick-off coil
B. it is more accurate at low level
C. it has ambient pressure in the capsule
D. it is fitted with a knocking device
64. Rigidity Increases with?
A. Increasing RPM, and concentrating mass close to the centre.
B. Increasing RPM and concentrating mass at the periphery.
C. Decreasing RPM and radius.
D. Increasing RPM and spin axis length.
65. A gravity erection device would be used on?
A. VSI.
B. DGI.
C. Artificial horizon.
D. Turn and slip Indicator.
66. Transport wander when flying east at 400 Kts at 45 degrees north is?
A. 5.67° per hour.
B. 6.67° per hour.
C. 7.67° per hour.
D. 8.67° per hour.
67. Earth rate at 25 degrees south is?
A. 13.59° per hour.
B. 6.34° per hour.
C. -13.59° per hour.
D. -6.34° per hour:
68. A slaved directional gyro derives it's directional signal from?
A. A direct reading magnetic compass.
B. The flight director.
C. The flux valve.
D. The air-data-computer.
69. The airspeed indicator of a twin- engined aircraft comprises different sectors and color
marks. The blue line corresponds to the?
A. Maximum speed in operations, or VMO.
B. Optimum, climbing speed with one engine inoperative, or Vy...
C. Speed not to be exceeded, or VNE.
D. Minimum control speed, or VMC.
70. considering the maximum operational Mach number (MMO) and the maximum
operational speed (VMO), the captain of a pressurized aircraft begins his descent from a
high flight level. In order to meet his scheduled time of arrival, he decides to use the
maximum ground speed at any time of the descent. He will be limited?
A. By the MMO.
B. By the VMO in still air..
C. Initially by the MMO, then by VMO below a certain flight level.
D. Initially by the VMO, then by the MMO below a certain flight level.
71. The purpose of a compass swing is to attempt to coincide the indications of:
A. true north and magnetic north
B. compass north and true north
C. compass north and the lubber line.
D. compass north and magnetic north
72. Magnetic compass swinging is carried out to reduce as much as possible:
A. deviation.
B. acceleration.
C. variation.
D. regulation.
73. Which of the following statements is correct concerning the effect of turning errors on a
direct reading compass?
A. Turning errors are greatest on north/south headings, and are greatest at high latitudes
B. Turning errors are greatest on east/west headings, and are greatest at high latitudes
C. Turning errors are greatest on north/south headings, and are least at high latitudes
D. Turning errors are greatest on east/west headings, and are least at high latitudes
74. The rate-of-turn is the:
A. change-of-heading rate of the aircraft
B. pitch rate in a turn
C. aircraft speed in a turn
D. yaw rate in a turn
75. With a constant weight, irrespective of the airfield altitude, an aircraft always takes off at
the same:
A. true airspeed
B. ground speed.
C. calibrated airspeed
D. equivalent airspeed
76. The reading of a Mach indicator is independent of:
A. the outside temperature
B. the total pressure
C. the differential pressure measurement
D. the static pressure
77. The directional gyro axis spins about the local vertical by 15°/hour:
A. on the equator
B. in the latitude 30°
C. on the North pole
D. in the latitude 45°
78. The maximum directional gyro error due to the earth rotation is:
A. 90°/hour
B. 5°/hour
C. 180°/hour
D. 15°/hour
79. The density altitude is :
A. the pressure altitude corrected for the relative density prevailing at this point
B. the temperature altitude corrected for the difference between the real temperature and
the standard temperature
C. the altitude of the standard atmosphere on which the density is equal to the actual
density of the atmosphere
D. the pressure altitude corrected for the density of air at this point
80. The limits of the green scale of an airspeed indicator are:
A. VS1 for the lower limit and VNO for the upper limit
B. VS1 for the lower limit and VLO for the upper limit
C. VS1 for the lower limit and VNE for the upper limit
D. VSO for the lower limit and VNO for the upper limit
81. The purpose of the vibrating device of an altimeter is to:
A. allow damping of the measurement in the unit
B. inform the crew of a failure of the instrument
C. reduce the hysteresis effect
D. reduce the effect of friction in the linkages
82. The altitude indicated on board an aircraft flying in an atmosphere where all the
atmosphere layers below the aircraft are cold is:
A. lower than the real altitude.
B. higher than the real altitude
C. the same as the real altitude
D. equal to the standard altitude
83. A pitot tube covered by ice which blocks the ram air inlet will affect the following
instrument (s):
A. altimeter only
B. airspeed indicator, altimeter and vertical speed indicator
C. vertical speed indicator only.
D. airspeed indicator only
84. The errors associated with the Directional Indicator are:
i. earth rate
ii. transport wander
iii. banking when pitched up
iv. annual movement of the poles
v. mechanical problems
A. i ii iii
B. i ii iv v
C. i ii iii iv v
D. i ii iii v
85. An altimeter with ....... set on the subscale will indicate......., but with....... set, the
altimeter will show ......
a) 1013; pressure altitude; QNH; height above mean sea level.
b) QNE; pressure altitude; QNH; height above airfield datum.
c) QFE; height above the airfield datum; 1013; height amsl.
d) QNH; height above touch down; 1013; height amsl.
86. An aircraft has one altimeter set to QFE and one to aerodrome QNH 1000 mb. If the
airfield elevation is 300 ft, immediately before take-off the altimeter with QFE set will
read....... and the other...... If the QFE altimeter is set to 1013 when passing through the
transition altitude 3000 ft, it will read...... (Assume 1 mb = 30 ft).
a) 300 ft; zero; 2610 ft
b) zero; 300 ft; 3390 ft
c) zero; 300 ft; 3690 ft
d) zero; 300 ft; 2610 ft
87. If an aerodrome elevation is 600 ft and PA 660 ft. What is QNH and QFE.
a. 1015hpa/995hpa
b. 1011hpa/1031hpa
c. 1011hpa/991hpa
d. 1015/1035 hpa
1. 2200
2. 1710'
3. 960' zero
4.-90'
5. 1007 hpa, 997 hpa
6. Yes, 292.5 ft
7. 6410 ft.
8. (a) 8920 ft. (b) 690 ft (c) 2060 ft
9. B
10. C
88. Calculate, without using the computer, the altitude in the standard atmosphere at which
470kt TAS corresponds to Mach 0.82.
a) FL283
b) FL207
c) FL360
d) FL310
89. If a decrease of 0.13 in the Mach number results in a decrease of 77kt,. in the TAS what
is the real speed of sound?
a) 650 kts
b) 394 kts
c)875 kts
d)592 kts
90. The spin axis of a directional gyro is maintained in ....... by means of ...... in an air driven
gyro and by means of a....... in an electrically driven gyro:
91. a) the horizontal plane; air jets; wedge plate.
b) the vertical plane; air jets; torque motor.
c) the yawing plane; air jets; torque motor.
d) the yawing plane; air jets; wedge plate.
91. The purpose of the caging knob is:
a) to prevent the gyro toppling.
b) to reset the heading.
C) to reset the heading and to prevent toppling.
d) to prevent apparent wander.
92. In an air driven directional gyro the air jets are attached to:
a) the inner gimbal.
b) the outer gimbal.
c) the instrument casing.
d) the rotor axis.
93. The limits of pitch and roll for a modem directional gyro are respectively:
a) 55° and 85°
b) 85° and 55°
c) 55° and 55°
d) 85° and 85°
94. Gimballing error:
a) will disappear after a tum is completed.
b) will remain until the gyro is reset.
c) will only occur during a 360° turn.
d) will be zero on only two headings during a 360° turn.
95.15 Some inertial reference systems are known as 'strap down'. This means:
a. The system is mounted on a stabilized platform.
b. The gyros are fixed but the accelerometers are stabilized.
C. The system is mounted and fixed to the aircraft structure.
d. The accelerometers are fixed but the gyros are stabilized.
96. Double integration of the output from the east/west accelerometer o navigation system
(INS) in the NAV MODE gives:
a. Vehicle longitude.
b. Distance east/west.
C. Distance north/south.
d. Velocity east/west.
97. The principle of 'Schuler Tuning' as applied to t Seration of Inertial Navigation
Systems/Inertial Reference Systems is applicable to:
a. Only gyro-stabilised systems.
b. Both gyro-stabilised platform and strap
C. Both gyro-stabilised and laser gyro systems but only when operating in the non
'strapdown' mode.
d. Only to 'strapdown' laser gyro
98. In an Inertial Navigation tem (INS), what is the output of the first stage North/South
integrator?
a. Velocity along the local meridian.
b. Groundspeed.
C.Latitude.
d. Change of latitude.
99. The gimbal ring of a turn co-ordinator is inclined at about 30° with respect to the
aircraft's longitudinal axis in order:
A. make the rate of turn more accurate
B. make the gyro sensitive to banking of the aircraft as well as to turning
C. make the gyro more effective during inverted flight
D. have a higher rotor speed which will prolong the life of the instrument
100. The radius at turn rate 1, TAS 360 kt is:
a) 10nm
b) 5nm
c) 7.5nm
d) 2nm