GEOGRAPHY PART 1/3

POLITICAL MAP OF INDIA

PHYSICAL MAP OF INDIA

POLTICAL MAP OF THE WORLD

PHYSICAL MAP OF WORLD

AAP GEOGRAPHY MAIN CHAA JAOO GAAY

OXWORD WALA

INDIAN PENINSULA IS SEPERATED FROM MAINLAND ASIA BY THE HIMALAYAS.

COUNTRY IS SURROUNDED BY THE BAY OF BENGALM IN THE EAST , ARABIAN SEA IN THE WEST AND
THE INDIAN OCEAN TO THE SOUTH

INDIA HAS 1600 KM OF MAINLAND AND SHARE 15200 WITH NATION

INDIA SHARES THE BORDER WITH

1. BANGLADSH
2. CHINA
3. PAKISTAN
4. NEPAL
5. MYANMAR
6. BHUTAN
7. AFGHANISTAN

TROPIC OF CANCER 2 EQUAL PARTS AND PASSES THE EIGHT STATES

GUJRAT , RAJASTHAN , MP, CHATTIGARH ,JHARKHAND , WB , TRIPURA , MIZORAM

GREAT CHANNEL SEPERATES INDIA WITHH INDONESIA

INDIAN CONTINENT WAS ORIGINALLY PART OF GONDWANA CONTINET

SOUTHERN MOST POINT OF MAIN LAND OF INDIA IS CAPE COMORIN KANYAKUMARI

TEN DEGREE CHANNEL IS SEPERATED THE ANDAMAN ISLANDS AND NICOBAR ISLAND

PALK STARIT SEPREATES SRI LANKA FROM INDIA

SOUTHERNMOST POINT OF COUNTRY IS CALLED PYGMALION POINT OR INDRIA POINT LOCATED IN

ANDAMANA AND NICOBAR ISLANDS.

NORTH TO SOUTH OF INDIA IS = 3214 ( J AND K TO KANYAKUMARI)

EAST TO WEST OF INDIA = 2933( RANN OF KUTCH IN WEST TO ARUNACHAL PRADESH )

STANDARD MERIDIAN OF INDIA = 82* 30 E PASSING THROUGH MIRZAPUR IN UP IS TAKEN AS

STANDARD TIME FOR THE WHOLE COUNTRY

ROCKS , SOILD AND CROPS

EARTHS CRUST = LITHOSPHERE COMPOSED OF ROCKS

ROCK = AGGREGATE OF MINERALS

PETROLOGY = SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF ROCKS

3 TYPES OF ROCKS SIM = SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC IGNEOUS

SOIL = SKIN OF THE EARTH

SOIL PROUCED/PARENT MATERIAL = ROCKS

WORLD SOIL DAY = 5TH DEC

SOIL = 45 % = MINERAL , 25%= WATER & AIR , 5% ORGANIC MATTER

6 MAJOR SOILS BRA DM L

BLACK , RED, ALLUVIAL , DESERT , MOUNTAIN , LATERITE

ALLUVIAL = RIVER VALLEYS , FLOOD PLAINS, COASTAL REGIONS

FORMATION = DEPOSITION OF SILT BY RUNNING WATER

MOST PRODUCTIVE

SUITABLE SUGARCANE , JUTE , RICE , WHEAT , FOOD CROP

BLACK SOIL

FORMED BY IGNEOUS ROCKS

CLAYAYE NATURE

GROWING COTTON

RED SOILS

FORMED BY WHEATHERING METAMORPHIC ROCKS AND CRYSTALLINE ROCKS

ISKA COLOUR = IRON OXIDE

MILLET CULTIVATION

DESERT SOIL

SANDY SOIL

POROUS AND SALINE

INFERTILE

MOUNTAIN SOILS

FORMED OVER SLOPES OF MOUNTAIN

CROPPIG SEASONS OF INDIA

KHARIF SEASON = JUNE TO SEPTEMBER ( 6 – 9)

NORTH MAJOR = RICE COTTON BAJRA MAIZE JOWAR TUR

SOUTHERN STATES =RICE RAGI MAIZE JOWAR GROUNDNUT

RABI SEASON = OCTOBER TO MARCH ( 10 – 3 )

NORTH = WHEAT GRAM RAPESSEEDS , MUSTARD BARLEY

SOUTH= RICE MAIZE RAGI GROUNDNUT JOWAR

ZAID SEASON = 4 – 6 APRIL TO JUNE

NORTH = VEGETABLES , FRUITS , FOODER

SOUTH = RICE VEGETABLES FODDER

MAJOR CROPS OF INDIA

FOOD CROPS

PLANTATION CROPS

HORTICULTURE CROPS

+ ISLANDS

HIMALAYAN MOUNTAINS

1. YOUNG , ARAVALLI RANGE OLDEST FOLD MOUNTAUN RANGE IN INDIA

2. ARAVALLO 2400 KM FROM INDUS TO BHRAMAPUTRA GORGE
3. WIDTH OF NORTHERN MOUNTAIN IN KASHMIR = 400 KM ARUNACHAL PRADESH =150 KM
4. PAMIR KNOT = ROOF OF THE WORLD CONNECTS THE LINK BETWEEN HIMALAYAS AND
CENTRAL ASIA
5. NORTHERN MOUNTAINS 3 PARTS ) THE TRANS HIMALYANS ) HIMALYAS 0 EASTERN OR
PURVANCHALI HILLS
6. THE TRANS HIMALYANS = WESTERN HIMALAYS . RANGES THE TRANS HIMALAYAS ARE
ZASKAR , LADAKH , KAILASH M KARAKORAM
7. HIMALAYAS DIVISIONS = A. GREATER HIMALAYAS , 2 THE LESSER HIMALAYSA , 3 THE
SIWALIKS

THE GREAT NORTHERN PLAINS

DEPOSITED BY THE RIVERS INDUS , GANGA , BRAHAMPUTRA AND THEIR TRIBUTARIES

LENGTH OF THE PLAINS = 2400

DIVIDED INTO 4 AD BHABAR , TERAI , BHANGAR , KHADAR

MAJULI IN THE BRAHMAPUTRA RIVER IS THE LARGEST INHABITED RIVERINE ISLAND IN THE WORLD

PENNINSULA PLATEAU

COMPOSED OF OLD CRYSTALLINE , IGNEOUS , METAMORPHIC ROCKS

LOCATION = LIES TO THE SOITH OF THE GREAT NORTH PLAINS . LARGEST PHYSIOGRAPHUC DIVISION .
ABOUT 16 LAKH

ARAVALLI HILS MARK THE NORTH WESTERN BOUNDARY OF THE PLATEAU REGION

NORTHERN AND NORTH EASTERN BOUNDARIES ARE MARKED BY BUNDEL KHAND UPLAND

KAIMUR AND RAJMAHAL HILLS .

THE WESTERN AND EASTERN GHATS MARK THE WESTERN AND EASTERN BOUNDARIES

THE PEAK OF ANAIMUDI IS THE HIGHEST POINT IN THE PLATEAU . LOCATED IN ANAIMALAI

NARMADA AND TAPTI = SITUATED TO THE SOUTH OF VINDHYAS FLOW WESTWARD

THE NARMADA RIVER DIVIDES THE PLATEAU REGION OF INDIA INTO TWO PARTS.

NORTH OF NARMADA REGION = CENTRAL HIGHLANDS

SOUTH OF NARMADA = DECCAN PLATEAU

DECCAN PLATEAU = LARGEST PART OF THE PALTEAU = TRIANGULAR IN SHAPE

INDIAN DESERT

THAR DESERT IS ALSO KNOWN AS THE GRAT INDIAN DESERT

WORLDS 17TH LARGEST DESERT AND WORLDS 9TH LARGEST SUB TROPICAL DESERT LOCATED
WESTERN PART OF INDIA

LUNI IS THE ONLY RIVER IN THIS REGION

COASTAL PLAINS

1. LIES BETWEEN WESTERN GHATS AND ARABAIN SEA

2. EXTENDS FROM RANN OF KUTCH IN NORTH TO KANYAKUMARI IN THE SOUTH
3. NORTHERN PART OF THE WEST COASTAL PLAIN = KONKONA PLAIN
4. MIDDLE PART KNOWN = KANARA
5. SOUTHERN PART OF THE PLAIN IS KNOWN AS MALABAR COAST
6. SHALLOW LAGOONS AND BACK WATER CALLED KAYALS AND TERIS
7. VEMBANAD IS A FAMOUS BACK WATER LANKE IN THIS REGION
 EASTERN COASTAL PLAUN

LIES BETWEEN EASTERN GHATS AND BAY OF BENGAL

NORTHERN CIRCARS = BETWEEN MAHANADI AND KRISHNA RIVER

SOUTHERN PART LIES BETWEEN KRISHNA AND KAVERI RIVERS CALLED COROMANDEL COAST

MARINA BEACH ON THIS COAST IN CHENNAI 2ND LONGEST BEACH IN THE WORLD

LAKE CHILKA = ODISHA = LARGEST LAKE IN INDIA LOCATED TO SOUTH WEST OF THE MAHANADI
DELTA

KOLLERU LAKE BETWEEN DELTA OF GODAVRI AND KRISHNA

PULICAT LAKE LIES IN BORDER OF ANDHRA PRADESH AND TN A RE WELL KNOWN LAKES IN THE
EAST COASTAL PLAIN,

THE ISLANDS

ANDAMAN AND NICOAR

INDIAN ONLY ACTIVE VOLCANO IS FOUND ON BARREN ISLAND IN ANDAMAN AND NICOAR GROUP
OF ISLAND

PORT BLAIR IS THE ADMISISTRATIVE CAPITAL OF ANDAMAN AND NICOAR ISLANDS

DRAINAGE SYSTEM OF INDIA

TWO MAJOR LOCATION

HIMALAYAN RIVER AND PENINSULAR RIVERS

PERENNIAL RIVERS = FLOW THROUGHT THE YEAR AND HAVE PERMANENNT SOURCE OF WATER

INDUS , GANGA , BRAMAPUTRA ARE PERENNIAL IN NATURE

NARMADA TAPTI MAHI AND SABARMATI RIVERS CONLUNENCE IN THE ARABAIN SEA

MAHANADI GODAVRI KRISHNA AND CAUVERY MAJOR FLOWING RIVERS AND DRAIN INTO BAY OF
BENGAL
GANGA RVER SYSTEM

LARGEST DRAINIGE SYSTEM OF INDIA

GANGA ORIGANTES AS BHAGIRATHI FROM GANGAOTRI GLACIER IN UTTAR KHASI DISTRICT OF

UTTRAKHAND STATE

LENGTH OF GANGA 2525 KM

RIVER YAMUNA RISES FROM THE YAMUNOTRI GLACIER IN THE HIMALYAS .

FLOWS PARALLEL TO THE GANGA

MEETS GANGA AT ALLAHABAD

BHARMAPUTEA RIVER SYSTEM

ORIGINATES FROM ANGSI GLACIER OF THE KAILASH RANGE AT AN ALLTITUDE OD 4877M

THE LENGTH OF THIS RIVER IS ABOUT 2900 KM

THE RIVER IS KNOWN AS TSANGPO IN TIBET

LENTH OF RIVER IS ABOUT IS 2900

PENINSULAR RIVERS

THE RIVERS IN THE SOUTH INDIA ARE CALLED THE PENINSULAR RIVERS.

MOST OF THE RIVRS ORIGINATE FROM THE WESTERN GHATS

THESE ARE SEASONAL RIVERS NON PERENIAL

THEY ARE DIVIDE INTO TWO PARTS 1 AND 2

1 WEST FLOWING RIVERS = NARMADA RAISES IN THE AMARKANTAKA HILLS IN MP AND FLOWS FOR
A DISTANCE OF 1312 KM . NARMADA FALLING INTO THE ARBIAN SEA THROUGH THE GULF OF
CAMBAY

LARGEST AMONG THE WEST FLOWING RIVERS OF PENINSULAR INDIA

TAPTI ONE OF THE MAJOR RIVERS OF PENINSULAR INDIA IT OUT FALLS INTO ARBAIAN SEA THROUGH
GULF OF CAMBAY
50 KA BAAD