k¾;kh

w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;

7 fYa%Ksh

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
uyr.u
Y%S ,xldj
www.nie.lk
[email protected]

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;

k¾;kh
7 jk fY%aKsh
w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;
^2016 isg l%shd;aul fõ&

m%:u uqøKh 2016

© cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ISBN

fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j

NdId" udkj Ydia;% yd iudcúoHd mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
Y%S ,xldj

fjí wvúh ( www.nie.lk

úoHq;a ;emE, ( [email protected]

uqøKh ( uqøKd,h
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;

 wOHlaI ckrd,af.a mKsjqvh

wOHdmkfha .=Kd;aul ixj¾Okh i|yd cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska

ldf,daÑ; j úúO ls%hdud¾. wkq.ukh lrkq ,nk w;r ta ta úIhhkag wod< j
w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;a iïmdokh tys tla m%;sM,hls'

ta wkqj 6 isg 13 fY%aKs úIh ks¾foaY yd .=re ud¾f.damfoaY mka;s ldurh ;=<
id¾:l j ls%hd;aul lsÍu i|yd cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh úiska w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;a
iïmdokh lr we;'

w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;a uÕsska úIh ks¾foaYhg wod< WoaOD; .=re YsIH fomd¾Yajh
fj; iemhSfuka wod< úIh Odrdj myiqfjka wOHhkh lsÍug myiqlï ie,fikq we;s
nj wmf.a úYajdih hs'

fuu w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;a mßYS,kh fldg bf.kqï - b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh

id¾:l lr .kakd f,i .=re Nj;=kaf.ka o" isiq ore ±ßhkaf.ka o b,a,d isáñ'

fuu w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;a Tn w;g m;a lsÍu i|yd Ydia;%Sh odhl;ajh iemiQ
wdh;ksl ld¾h uKav,h iy ndysr úoaj;=ka fj; udf.a lD;{;dj ysñ fõ'

wdpd¾h chka;s .=Kfialr

wOHlaI ckrd,a
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

i
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;
 ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,af.a mKsjqvh

bf.kqu ksr;=re j we.ehSu iu. iïnkaO l< yels h' by< we.ehSï idOkhla
i|yd w;a±lSu mq¿,a úh hq;= h' úyso .sh mq¿,a mrdihla iys; by< we.ehSul ysñlu
ieug u Wmßu i;=gla Wreu lrhs' ta i|yd fiajkhg wod< mqoa.," ia:dk" jia;=" isoaê
nyq, ùu wjYH h'

tfia bf.kqï w;a±lSï mq¿,a lsÍu i|yd w;sf¾l iïm;a fmd;a ilia lsÍug
yelsùu cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;khg i;=gls' ta i|yd lem ù ls%hd l< ieug wmf.a
ia;;
= sh msßkefï'

YsIH m%cdj fuu w;sf¾l iïm;a fmd; mßyrKh lrñka tuÕska bÈßm;a lrk
fjk;a ±kqï uQ,hka o ióm lr .;fyd;a by< idOkhla fj; <Õd ùug yels ùu
ksiel h' tneúka YsIH" .=re fo.=re" ieuf.a wjOdkh fhduq úh hq;= h' fuu w;sf¾l
iïm;a fmd;a ;jÿrg;a ixj¾Okh lsÍug Wla; ieuf.a wjOdkh fhduq ùu o wm úiska
wfmalaId flf¾' wod< hï lreKla fjf;d;a wm ±kqïj;a lrk f,i b,a,d isák w;r
±fha ¥ orejkaf.a bf.kqï mrdihka mq¿,a fjñka wNsudkj;a ±hla f.dv kefÕa jdz hs
m%d¾:kd lrñ'

wdpd¾h mQcH udUq,af.dv iqukr;k ysñ

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a
NdId udkj Ydia;% yd iudcúoHd mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

ii
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;
 ye¢kaùu
YS% ,xldfõ mdi,a moaO;sh ;=< yr fyj;a m%Odk úIhhka f,i ms<s.;a ujqni"
.Ks;h" úoHdj jeks úIhhka i|yd fndfyda lf,l isg úIh ks¾foaYhg iu.dó j .=re
ud¾f.damfoaYhg ^Teacher Guide& wu;r j fm< fmd;a ^Text books& Ndú;fha mj;S' ta
wkqj .=re ud¾f.damfoaY .=rejrhdg o" fm< fmd; isiq mßyrKhg o ,nd foñka isiqka
;=< keK myka b;d Wiia f,i o,ajkakg iefjdu ls%hd;aul fj;s'

wOHdmk m%;sm;a;s uÕska ;ju;a yr úIhhla f,i fkd ms<s.;a fi!kao¾h

úIhh iqNdIs; l;= lS f,i zz.=K keK fnf,ka hq;= mq;= u h b;d .reZZ hk fmfoys
z.=KZ jvkg fokq ,nkqfha woaú;Sh odhl;ajfhls' keK jefvkqfha úIh noaO ±kqu
yd yelshd jevqu uq,a fldg h' ñksid .=Kj;a kï udkj hymeje;aug" mßirhg fidnd
oyug ixfõ§ mqrjeisfhla nj fya p¾hdfjka u m< lrhs' z.=KZ m<uq fldg o" keK
Bg iß,k muKska o hq;= jQ mqrjeishl= wo fufoig jvd;a wjeis h' ta .re lghq;=
mqrjeishd ;ekqug kï fi!kao¾h úIhhka yr úIh l=,lfhys ;nkq jà' ta neõ
fndfyda lf,l isg y÷kd fuu úIh lafIa;f % ha keÕ=u Wfoid fjfyfik wms fuf;la
ms<s.ekqug ,laj we;s yr úIhhkag fia u óg o isiq le, i|yd fm< fmd;a
ksmoùfuys w.h fmkajd ÿkafkuq' wms ;j u;a zzyrZZ fkdjk neúka Bg bvlvla fkd
,o uq;a .=rejrhdg b.ekaùug Wmldrl w;afmd;la f,i fujka fmd;la moaO;shg
ms<s.ekaùug kï bv m%ia;dj ,Èuq' ñka bgq jkqfha fm< fmdf;ys ld¾hNdrh u fkd
jk uq;a fuh isiq mig o" .=re mig o" buy;a Yla;shla yd cd;sl jYfhka iïu;"
iumd; njla we;s lsÍug fkdu| M,odhl iïm;la jkq we;'

mka;sldurhg yrj;a jQ fuu bf.kqï iïm; fyg ojfia moaO;s .; lsÍfuka

wm imqrd .kakg wfmalaIs; iqúfYaI M, fufia fõ'

1' .=r ejrhdg w;HjYH úIh lreKq tl f.dkq jla fldg imhd §fuka .=r e
ld¾hlaIu;dj by< kexùu'
2' .=re ud¾f.damfoaYfhys iúia;rd;aul j bÈßm;a fkd flfrk úIh wka;¾.;h
fuu fmd; weiqßka ,nd§u'
3' .=re ud¾f.damfoaYh m%udKfhka msgq úYd, .Kklg hdu je<elaùu yd Bg w;HjYH
u lreKq muKla we;=<;a lsÍu'
4' u;fNaohkag ;=vq fok úIh lreKq fjf;d;a ta ms<sn| cd;sl jYfhka talu;sl
Ndjhla we;s lsÍug wjYH ksYaÑ; lreKq$;¾l iïmdokh lsÍu'
5' úIh lreKqj, iu;=,s; nj yd iSud ks¾Khkays m%ñ;s .; nj we;s lsÍfuka we.ehSï
ld¾h myiq lrùu'
6' .=rejrhdf.a ±kqu ks¾foaYfhka u|la Tíng m%idrKh lrñka úIhdkqnoaO ±kqu
ms<sn| úYajikSh;ajh ;yjqre lsÍu'
7' .=re isiq fomsßig u bf.kqï$b.ekaùï ls%hdj,sh rij;a yd yrj;a w;a±lSula njg
m;a lsÍu'

ta id buy;a iïm;la f,i fuu fmd; wm foi ore le,f.a hy .=K keK
jvkakg fuka u rij;a bf.kqï mßirhla ks¾udKh lr .kakg .=re Tng msysg jkq
we;' .=re Tfí ls%hdYS,S nj yd ±kqïj;a nj ñka ;j ;j;a jefâ jd! tfuka u j;auka
ore le,g fi!kao¾h úIhh bf.kqu rij;a yd yrj;a Ôú; w;a±lSula fõ jd! hs uu
m;ñ'

Ydia;%m;s iqo;a iurisxy

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a ^je$n&
úl,am wOHdmk yd .=re wOHdmk mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

iii
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;
 úIhud,d lñgqj

WmfoaYl;ajh yd
wkque;sh ( Ydia;S%h lghq;= uKav,h
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

wëlaIKh ( Ydia;%m;s iqo;a iurisxy

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a ^je' n'&
úl,am wOHdmk yd .=re wOHdmk mSGh
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

úIh wëlaIKh ( tia' j¾Kisxy

wOHlaI ^je' wd'&
fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

jHdmD;s kdhl ( î' uÍkd Ysrdka;s o fidhsid

lÓldpd¾h" fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

f,aLl uKav,h
wNHka;r ( tia' j¾Kisxy - wOHlaI ^je'wd'&
nqoaê l,HdKs uq;=l=udrK - fcH' lÓldpd¾h
î' uÍkd Ysrdka;s o fidhsid - lÓldpd¾h

ndysr ( .=Kfiak rdcmlaI - fcH' lÓldpd¾h ^úY%dñl&

isß,a ó.u - fcH' lÓldpd¾h ^úY%dñl&
fi!kao¾h wOHdmk .=re úÿy," .srd.u
iuka fmf¾rd
iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI - le,Ksh
fla iqika; .=Kj¾Ok
iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI - fokqjr wOHdmk l,dmh
hQ' Ô' fma%ur;ak
iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI - y,dj; wOHdmk l,dmh
^úY%dñl&
oïñ;a m%kdkaÿ - .=re WmfoaYl yd úIh
iïnkaëldrl
l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h - l¿;r
pkaøsld ueKsfla - .=re WmfoaYl
l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h - ñkqjkaf.dv

iv
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;
 fÊ'tï'ã' YHdud - .=re WmfoaYl
l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h - ñkqjkaf.dv
tï' fyajdú;drK
.=re fiajh - n'm' úoHdlr nd,sld úoHd,h - uyr.u
ta'tï' ìhxld tï' wfíisxy
.=re fiajh - n'm' O¾umd, úoHd,h - mkaksmsáh
tï'tï'tia'mS'fla' udrisxy
.=re fiajh - yxje,a, rdcisxy u'u' úoHd,h - yxje,a,
oSma;s mshfialr
.=re fiajh - wdkkao nd'u'ú' - fld<U
tï'tï' iuka; úfÊisß
.=re fiajh - Èlaje,a, u'ú' - Èlaje,a,

úIh ixialdrl
uKav,h ( fcHIaG uydpd¾h uqÈhkafia Èidkdhl
fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h úl%uisxy nKavdr
fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h wfidald Èidkdhl
wdpd¾h Ys%hdks rdcmlaI
fcHIaG lÓldpd¾h iqks,d rEmiair
fi!kao¾h l,d ú'ú' - fld<U 07

NdId ixialrKh ( uydpd¾h r;ak úfÊ;=x. - úY%dñl

YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h
tia'´' m%kdkaÿ - wOHlaI ^úY%dñl&" cd'w'wd'
YS%kd;a .fKaj;a; uy;d - NdId ixialdrl

lxpql ks¾udKh ( B't,a'ta'fla' ,shkf.a uy;d

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

mß.Kl joka ieliqu( ã'iS' chfldä uy;añh

cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

úúO iydh ( §md YsfrdauKS fufKúh

fla'Ô' fmf¾rd uy;d
fi!kao¾h wOHdmk fomd¾;fïka;=j
cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh

v
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;
 mgqk

msgj
q

wOHlaI ckrd,af.a mKsjvq h i

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,af.a mKsjv
q h ii
ye¢kaùu iii
f,aLl uKav,h iv- v
mgqk vi

1 mrsÉfþoh
1'0 mßirh weiqre lr.ksñka k¾;k ks¾udKh 1

2 mrsÉfþoh
2'0 k¾;k m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh 8

3 mrsÉfþoh
3'0 idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKav yd úl,am jdoH WmlrK 26

4 mrsÉfþoh
4'0 YS% ,dxflah ixialD;sh yd ine¢ .dhkdj, miqìu
yd .dhkh 32

5 mrsÉfþoh
5'0 YS% ,dxflah k¾;k iïm%odh yd ine¢ ft;sydisl yd 37
ixialD;sl miqìu

6 mrsÉfþoh
6'0 úúO l,dx.j, fi!kao¾hd;aul jákdlï 49

7 mrsÉfþoh
7'0 w;a±lSï weiqre lr.ksñka m%dix.sl l,dx. ks¾udKh 54

wdYs%; .%ka: kdudj,sh 58

vi
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd;
 11 mßÉfþoh
mßÉfþoh

1'0 mßirh weiqre lr .ksñka k¾;k ks¾udKh

jeis Èfkl olakg ,efnk ,laIK

zziq<x ;ohs úÿ,sh o fldghs

fyK y~ me;sfrhs
uy j,dl=<la fkdje tkafka ''''''''''ZZ
fï .S; LKavfhka lshefjk wjia:dj Ñ;a;rEm iys; j isyshg kÕd .kak' ta
wkqj Tn isyshg kÕd .;af;a jeisnr wjia:djla njg meyeÈ,s h'

jeiai hkq" iajdNdúl mßirfhka wmg ,efnk iïm;ls' th wisßu;a lsh

% dj,shls'
jeis iys; Èkfhl iajNdjfhka u j,dl=¿ w÷re meyehlska hqla; jk w;r" mßirh
o i;=kaf.a Yío" kdo" p,k úúO fjkialï m%o¾Ykh lrhs'
• l+ô .=,la úisÍu
• fureka mshUd hEu
• f.ïnkaf.a lE.eiSu
• jeys,sysKska wyfia mshUd hEu

ßoauhlg wkqj p,kh jk .iaje,a" iq<fÕa fõ.j;a nj yd uqiq ù mßirfha r¿

njla yd Nhxlr njla we;s lrhs' wyi l¿ j,dj,ska nr ù jeys ì÷ tlsfkl ìug
m;s; fjhs' tjka wjia:djla isyhs g kÕñka jeiafia wisßh fi!kao¾hd;aul j ú¢kak'
Tn jf.a u .iaje,a" i;=ka" we<fod<" .x.d" fl;a j;=" jeiafia wdiajdoh ú¢hs' iq<Õ"
.iaje,a weUÍu" fyKy~" úÿ,sh flàu" j;=r .,dhdu jeiai;a iu. l%ñl j we;s jk
l%shdj,shls'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 1

 mka;s ldurh ;=< Tng mejfrk ld¾hh jkafka jeiail wisßh k¾;k
ks¾udKhlska bÈßm;a lsÍuhs' by; olajd we;s wjia:d ksrEmKh i|yd iqÿiq p,k
fhdod .ekSfï § mekSï" lerlSï" fmr<Sï" Ndj ksrEmK fhdod .ekSu jeo.;a fõ'

Wod ( iq<Õ - lerlSu

.iaje,a weUÍu - iaÓ;sl p,k
úÿ,s flàu - mekSu yd iïnkaO p,k
fyK y~ - Ndj ksrEmK
j;=r .,d hdu - ìu fmr<Su" iqr,a mE.Su" oE;a p,kh lsÍu

by; p,k fhdod .ekSfï § ßoauh fyda ;d,h fyda weiqre lr .ekSu jeo.;a fõ'

ls%hdldrlu (

• jeiai .ek lshefjk .S; kï lrkak'

• jeis Èkfhl § iajdNdúl mßirh ;=< we;s jk fjkialï ,shkak'
• tu fjkialï k¾;k ks¾udKhlska bÈßm;a lrkak'
• jeis Èkfhl mßirfha olakg ,efnk iqúfYaI ,laIK y÷kd .ksñka i;a;aj
pß; lSmhla ksrEmKh lrkak'

Ndj m%ldY jk mßÈ pß; ksrEmKh

• Ndj m%ldYk zzW;aidyhZZ keu;s ia:dhS Ndjh

by; mska;r+ h fyd|ska ksrSlaIKh lrkak' fuu mska;+rfha isák lU wÈkakka

hula we§ug jEhula ork nj fmfka' th Tyqf.a is; ;=< we;s jQ zzW;aidyZZ keu;s
Ndjh fjhs' tfia is; ;=< we;s Ndj wx." m%;Hx. yd Wmdx. m%fhdackhg .ksñka Ndj
ksrEmKh flfrk k¾;k ks¾udK lsÍfï § Ndj m%ldYkh b;d jeo.;a fõ'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 2

 wx." m%;Hx." Wmdx. fhdod .ksñka lrkq ,nk ls%hdldrlï i|yd fõ.h" nr" ieye,a¨
nj" ld,h" ÿr ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq l< hq;= h'

wx." m%;Hx." ld,h Ndj ksrEmK

Wmdx. fõ.h
Yla;sh
ÿr
by; igykg wkqj Ndj ksrEmK bÈßm;a lsÍfï § zzW;aidyZZ kue;s Ndjh
i|yd uiamsvq ;o lsÍu" f;d,a ;Èka yl=<d .ekSu" weia l=vd lsÍu" o;a we¢ tlg ;o lsÍu"
lïuq,a fomig úys§u jeks p,k isÿfõ'

by; Ndj ksrEmKhg wkqj zzW;aidyZZ Ndjfhka ksrEmKh jkafka ùr rih hs'

ls%hdldrlu ( zW;aidyZ kue;s Ndjh m%o¾Ykh lsÍug fhdað; lsh

% dldrlu i|yd
Wmfoia
• lU we§fï ;r.hlg iyNd.s jk isiqyq fomsßils' Tjqyq ;u lKavdhu Èkùug
n,j;a W;aidyhl ksr; fj;s' fuu isoaêh Ndjd;aul j bÈßm;a lrkak'

• ;r.hlg bÈßm;a jk mdmeÈ Odjlfhda lSm fofkls' Tjqkaf.a .uka uf.a § l÷

iys; ia:dkhla yuqfõ' tys § mdmeÈlrejka ;u mdmeÈh yiqrejk wdldrh zzW;aidyZZ
Ndjh ksrEmKh jk wdldrhg bÈßm;a lrkak'

• le,fha or leãug .sh mqoa.,fhla yÈisfha j<lg jefghs' bka f.dv taug ±ä
W;aidyhl ksr; fõ' wjidkfha j< ;=<g ±uQ wdOdrlhl t,a,S Tyq f.dvg ths'

• nr tiùfï lS%vdfõ ksr; jk lSv

% lfhls' Tyq fojrla u nr tiùug .;a W;aidyh
wid¾:l úh' tfy;a f;fjks jr uy;a ´kElñka yd Wkkaÿfjka tu ld¾hh
bgq lf<a h' fuh W;aidy kue;s Ndjh ms<snsUq flfrk whqrska ksrEmKh lrkak'
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 3
 ;d,ï kegqfï iqúfYaI ,laIK yd k¾;k ks¾udKh

;d,ïmg oE;g f.k jdokh lrñka k¾;kfha fh§u ;d,ï kegqfï úfYaI
,laIKh hs' .dhkfha § yd k¾;kfha § ;d, ;eîug fhdod .kakd ;d,ïmg ;d,ï
kegqfï § rx. NdKavhla f,i fhdod .kshs' tfuka u fndfyda .eñ kegqï Ôjk
jD;a;shlg iïnkaO jqj o ;d,ï kegqu tfia fkdfõ' th úfkdaodiajdoh i|yd u
ks¾udKh jQjls' ;d,ï lú ks¾udKh ù we;af;a ir, NdIdfjka jk w;r" we;eï tajd
m%;sjd§kag wNsfhda.d;aul iajrEmfhka o rpkd ù we;'

tkjd weÿfrda ;rf.g lSu lshdf.k

okjd yoj; ;d,u Wm; weiQ ;ek
fudkjd j;a okafka ke;s j inhg wd ;ek
fokjd uf. ;d,ïmg Wm; lshdfok

;d,ï kegqu msßñ ldka;d fomlaIh úiska u rÕ olajkq ±lsh yels h' msßñ
mlaIh úiska rÕ olajk úg ;dKavj njla olakg ,efí' ;d,ïmg oE;g f.k úúO
l%u Ys,am Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka yrU ±laùu fuys iqúfYaI ,laIKhls'

;d,ï lú úúO ;d, rEm wkqj .dhkh lrñka k¾;kh l< yels h'

ud;%d 3 ;d,h

wf.a jvk uf. ;d,ï yrU n,kafka

jf.a fkd ±k wehs kqU,d lSug tkafka
lf.a .s,a, f,i neßfjhs kqUg fnd,kafka
uf.a oE; ;d,ïmg yrU n,kafka

ud;%d 4 ;ks ;s;

i|jg ;reje,a weúÈka l, t<s ioafoa

u|fldg mjiñ weúÈka werUqK hqoafoa
hqohg jij;= weúÈka merÿK hqoafoa
n|jg lerflk uf.a ;d,ïmg ioafoa

wyfia ;d,ï ;dx.= ;d,ï - i|jg lerlS hhs ;d,ï

fmdf<dfõ ;d,ï ;dx.= ;d,ï - je,shg ieÕù hhs ;d,ï
uqyqfoa ;d,ï ;dx.= ;d,ï - /<s hg ieÕù hhs ;d,ï
wmf.a ;d,ï ;dx.= ;d,ï - n|jg lerlS hhs ;d,ï

;d,ï kegqu i|yd ir, mo fhdod .ksñka .dhkh yd jdokh iys; j iduQysl
j k¾;kfha fhfoa'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 4

 ls%hdldrlu (

• úúO ;d, rEmj,g ;d,ï lú .dhkh lrkak'

• ;d,ï kegqulg iqÿiq mo y;rla ks¾udKh lrkak'
• rx. rgd yd iïnkaO;d weiqre fldg f.k iduQysl j ;d,ï k¾;khla bÈßm;a
lrkak'

l=¨ kegqï yd ine¢ iqúfYaI ,laIK yd k¾;k ks¾udKh

lDIsld¾ñl ck iudcfha w;HjYH WmlrKhla f,i Ndú; jk l=,a, weiqre

lr .ksñka ks¾udKh fldg we;s w,xldr .eñ kegqula f,i l=¨ kegqu y÷kajd Èh
yels h'

l=,a, luf;a § Ndú; lrkq ,nk w;r uq¿;eka f.hs WmlrKhla f,i ksjfia
§ Ndú; lrhs' luf;a § ne; tl;= lsÍu" ldgqj msi yeÍu" ne; yq<x lsÍu" .,aje,s
iy,ska bj;a lsÍu i|yd mQ lsÍu" msßisÿ l< ne; f.daksj,g msrùu wdÈ ld¾hhkays §
l=,a, fhdod .efka' luf;a § msßñ md¾Yajh l=,a, Ndú; lrk w;r uq¿;ekaf.hs
jevlghq;=j, § tkï ù fm<Su" iy,a fm<Su" iy,a mQ lsÍu wdÈ lghq;=j, § ldka;djka
úiska l=,a, Ndú; lrkq ,efí'

l=¨ kegqu i|yd fhdod .kakd lú úúO ;d, rEm yd úúO kdoud,d wkqj ir,
.eñ nia jyrlska ks¾udKh ù we;' tfuka u fï i|yd r;akud,S foõÿj iïnkaO
rkaf;,Uq j¾Kkdfõ tk lú yd r;akj,a,S lú o fhdod .kq ,efí'

rgd oud l=,,

a ilia lsÍu fld;rï wmyiq ld¾hhla ±hs tys tk iuyr .dhkdj,ska
meyeÈ,s fõ'

lef,a f.diska ng m;=re lmkafka

m<d mqrela yer wõfõ oukafka
kud fofldk uq¿ wiafia mqrkafka
rgd oud,hs l=,a, úhkafka

tfia ilid .;a l=,a, k¾;kfha § úúO ieris,s yd j¾K fhdod w,xldr lr
.kshs'

lDIs l¾udka;fha § l=,a, Ndú;hg .kakd wjia:d by;ska olajd we;' tu

wjia:d mokï lr .ksñka l=¨ kegqu ks¾udKh ù we;' úfYaIfhka ldka;djka i|yd
jvd;a fhda.H .eñ kegqula f,i l=¨ kegqu ye¢kaúh yels h' b;d ir, jQ;a" w,xldr
jQ;a ir, ud;%d ^mo& fhdod .ksñka k¾;kfha fhÈh yels iduQysl k¾;k wx.hls'

wjldY Ndú;h ie,ls,a,g f.k úúO rx. rgd f.dv kÕñka l=,af,ka lrkq
,nk ld¾hhka wkqlrKd;aul j k¾;kh i|yd fhdod .; yels h'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 5

 j¾;udkfha m%ix. fõÈldj i|yd l=¨ kegqu ks¾udKh lsÍfï § ixlS¾K ;d,
rgd" ud;%d ^mo& yd rx. rgd fhdod .ksñka k¾;kh lrk whqre olakg ,efí'

by; mska;+r ksÍlaIKh lsÍfï § l=,a, Ndú; lrñka k¾;kh isÿ lrk whqre fmfka'

• l=¨ /f.k inhg tk ldka;dfjda

• l=,af,ka ù yq<x lsÍu
• l=,a,g ù msrùu
• w;ska w; udre lr heùu
• ù fm<Su" mQ lsÍu
• fmd<k ,o ù milg ±óu
• ld¾h ksud lsÍfï § ,o i;=g wdÈ wjia:djka flfrys wjOdkh fhduq l<
hq;= h'

l=¨ kegqu ks¾udKfha § my; i|yka l=¨ lú .dhkh i|yd Ndú;hg .; yels h'

ud;%d 3 ;d,h

1' wE; isgka tkakS fi,a,s fi,a,sfha

uE; isgka tkakS fi,a,s fi,a,sfha
wf;a mfha .s.sß o fi,a,s fi,a,sfha
l=¨ irfUg tkj o r;ak j,a,sfha

2' nkaojdk l=¨ h;=re ;kd,d

wekaojdk w¿ hka;f¾ we|,d
lekaojdk fofofkl=g lshd,d
lkao nef|k ne; meyem;a lr,d

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 6

 3' <ud ,sfhda .jid u,a jr, msg
oud lrg uq;=fmdg w; j<¨ jg
fmud jvk f,i irid Tiß fmdg
mud fkdj rÕ;a l=¨ f.k ifí msg

ls%hdldrlu (

1' úúO ;d,rEm wkqj l=¨ lú .dhkh lrkak'

2' l=,a, Ndú; lrñka l=¨ kegqug iqÿiq mo y;rla ks¾udKh lrkak'
3' úúO rx. rgd Ndú; lrñka l=¨ kegqula ks¾udKh lrkak'
4' wjldYh ksis f,i Ndú; lrñka iduQysl j l=¨ kegqula bÈßm;a lrkak'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 7

 2 mßÉfþoh

2'0 k¾;k m%dfhda.sl l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh

kuH;d wNHdi

k¾;khg wjYH yev;, ilia lr .ekSu i|yd kuH;d wNHdi b;d jeo.;a
fjhs' tneúka 6 fYa%Ksfha § W.;a kuH;d wNHdihkag wu;r j ;j;a wNHdi y;rla
ilia lr .ekSu wjYH fõ' fuu wNHdi lsÍfï § fnr jdokhg fyda ix.S; LKavj,g
fyda wkqj tajd isÿ lsÍfuka tajd wNHdi lsÍu myiq fõ'

Wod ( 1' 1" 2" 3" 4 jYfhka bÈßhg yd miqmig .uka lsÍu'
5" 6" 7" 8 wxlj, oS b| .ekSu yd keÕsàu

by; ls%hdldrlï lsÍfï § yia; p,kh lsÍu ysi iy foweia ls%hd lrùu"
k¾;k iïm%odhhka wkqj oE;a Wmfhda.S lr .ekSu jvd;a iqÿiq h' úúO;ajhla we;sjk
mßÈ fujeks wNHdi y;rla ilia lr.; yels h' lerlSu" Wv mekSu" b| .ekSu ta ta
iïm%odhhg wkqj ;d,hlg yd fnrmo jdokhg wkqj isÿ lsÍu fuhska n,dfmdfrd;a;=
fõ'

wNHdih isÿ lrk wjia:d

• mka;s ldur ;=< k¾;kh wdrïNfha §

kuH;d wNHdij, ksr; ùfï jeo.;alu

• k¾;kh i|yd wjYH YdÍßl iunr;dj yd ksjerÈ yev;, ilia lr .ekSu'

• ukd fi!LH ;;a;ajhlska fyì kSfrda. mqoa.,hl= ùu'
• i;=áka kuH;d wNHdi lsÍu ksid udkisl iqjhla we;s ùu'
• YdÍßl m%ikak nj we;s ùu'
• ri úkaok yelshdj j¾Okh ùu'
• wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK §u yd ord .ekSfï yelshdj we;s ùu'
• ldhsl ixj¾Okhla we;s ùu'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 8

 uQ,l
s irU bÈßm;a lsÍu'

Wvrg - mdirU

y;r jk mdirUh ^Wvrg&

irU kduh ( isjq wäh ^y;r jk mdirUh&

irU moh ( f;hs; f;hs; f;hs f;hsh;a ;dï
;d,h ( ueÿï ;ks ;s; ^ud;%d 3&

$ $ $ $
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

ú,ïN f;hs - ; f;hs - ; f;hs - f;hs h;a ;dï -

uOH f;hs ;fk hs; f;hs f;hsh;a ;dï f;hs ;f; hs; f;hs f;hsh;a ;dï

m<uqfjka moh ;d, ;nñka lSu jeo.;a fõ' fuys § ;d, ;eîu i|yd ;d,ï mg
Ndú; l< hq;= w;r ksjerÈ j zzf;hsZZ y~ biau;= jk mßÈ ;d,ï mg jdokh l<
hq;= h' wk;=re j .=rejrhd k¾;kh lr fmkaùfuka ksjerÈ wx.ydr y÷kd f.k
wNHdi l< yels h' ^iu.=K" fo.=K hk ,hj,g wNHdi lsÍu w;HjYH fõ'&

mia jk mdirUh ^Wvrg&

irU kduh ( oE, wäh

irU moh ( f;hs ;s ;d f;hs
;d,h ( uy ;ks;s; ^ud;%d 4&

$ $ $ $

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

ú,ïN f;hs - - ;s ;d - f;hs - f;hs - - ;s ;d - f;has -

uOH f;hs ;s ;d f;hs f;hs ;s ;d f;hs f;hs ;s ;d f;hs f;hs ;s ;d f;hs

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 9

 yh jk mdirUh ^Wvrg&

irU kduh ( miq fmr wäh

irU moh ( ;d f;hsh;a ;d f;hsh;a ;d f;hsh;a ;d f;hs$$
^bÈßhg msgqmig&
;d,h ( ueÿï ;ks ;s;

$ $ $
$
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3
1 2 3

ú,ïN ;d f;hs h;a ;d f;hs h;a ;d f;hs h;a

;d f;hs -

uOH ;df;hs h;a;d f;hsh;a ;df;hs h;a;d f;hs ;df;hs h;a;d f;hsh;a
;df;hs h;a;d f;hs

yudr lsrSfï moh

wjidkfha kgkq ,nk yudr moh ieu mdirUhlg u fmdÿ h'

yudr moh ( f;hsh;a f;hsh;a f;hsh;a ;dï f;hs ;dï

f;hs f;hs ;;a ;;a ;d

my;rg - mdirU

y;r jk md irUh ( f;hs lsg$$$ f;hs fodï

;d,h ( uy;ks ;s; 4$4

$ $ $ $

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

ú,ïN f;hs - ls g f;hs - ls g f;hs - ls g f;hs - fodï -

uOH f;hs lsg f;hs lsg f;hs lsg f;hs fodï f;hs lsg f;hs lsg f;hs lsg f;hs fodï

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 10

 mia jk md irUh ( f;hs lsg f;hs ;d $$
f;hs lsg$$$ f;hs fodï
$ $ $ $

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

ú,ïN f;hs - ls g f;hs - ;d - f;hs - ls g f;hs - ;d -

f;hs - ls g f;hs - ls g f;hs - ls g f;hs - fodï -
uOH f;hs lsg f;hs ;d f;hs lsg f;hs ;d f;hs lsg f;hs lsg f;hs lsg f;hs fodï

yh jk md irUh - f;hs f;hs ;d$$ f;hs lsg ;d$$

$ $ $ $

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

ú,ïN f;hs - f;hs - ;d - - - f;hs - f;hs - ;d - - -

f;hs - ls g ;d - - - f;hs - ls g ;d - - -
uOH f;hs f;hs ;d - f;hs f;hs ;d - f;hs lsg ;d - f;hs lsg ;d -

inr.uq - uKaä mo

y;r jk uKaä moh - f;hs f;hsh;a fodï f;hs .; f;hsh;a fodï

$ $ $ $

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

ú,ïN f;hs - f;hs - h;a - fodï - f;hs .; f;hs - h;a - fodï -

uOH f;hs f;hs h;a fodï f;hs.; f;hs h;a fodï f;hs f;hs h;a fodï f;hs.; f;hs h;a fodï

mia jk uKaä moh - f;hs f;hs ;;a ;l f;hs;l f;hs ;l

$ $ $ $

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

ú,ïN f;hs - f;hs - ;;a - ; l f;hs - ; l f;hs - ; l

uOH f;hs f;hs ;;a ;l f;hs; ;l f;hs ;l f;hs f;hs ;;a ;l f;hs ;l f;hs ;l

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 11

 yh jk uKaä moh - f;hs; f;hd f;hd f;hd

$ $ $ $

1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

ú,ïN f; hs ; f; yd - f; yd - f; yd -

uOH f;hs ;f; yd f;yd f; yd f;hs ;f; yd f;yd f; yd

irU wNHdifha § ksjerÈ wx.ydr m%o¾Ykh

f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo

k¾;k iïm%odhhla bf.k .kakd wdOqkslhl= ;ud bf.k .kakd iïm%odhhg

wod< ksjerÈ wx.ydr y÷kd .ekSu b;d jeo.;a fõ' tla tla k¾;k iïm%odhfhys
wkkH;dj r|d mj;skafka Bg wdfõKsl wx.ydr ksjerÈ j Ndú; lsÍfuks'

Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odhh bf.k .kakd wdOqkslhka f.dv irU o ^w;a irU&
my;rg k¾;k iïm%odhh bf.k .kakd wdOqkslhka b,x.ï irU o" inr.uq k¾;k
iïm%odhh bf.k .kakd wdOqkslhka fodôk mo o wNHdi l< hq;= nj 6 fYa%Ksfha §
Tfí wjOdkhg fhduq lr we;' iïm%odh ;=kg u fmdÿ uQ,sl bßhõj jk uKaäh
ksjerÈ j mj;ajd .ksñka mdo p,kj,g m%uqL;djla ,nd fok md irU wNHdifhka miq
fnr jdokhg wkqj ú,ïn" uOH" ,h m%fNao fol u ^iu.=K" fo.=K& kgkq ,nk fuu
irU úfYaIh f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo hkqfjka y÷kajkq ,efí' yia; mdo
ksjerÈ j yiqrejñka ksjerÈ wx.ydr m%o¾Ykh lsÍu jeo.;a fõ'

ls%hdldrlu i|yd Wmfoia (

• fnr moh ú,ïn" uOH ^iu.=K" fo.=K& ,h folg ;d, ;nd lshkak' ^fï i|yd
by; m%ia;drh Wmfhda.S lr.kak'&
• ksjerÈ bßhjq wkqj uKaähg isg fnr jdokhg wkqj irU wNHdifhys fhfokak'
• fnr moh ;d, ;nd lshkak'
• .=rejrhd fnrh jdokh lrk úg fnr mohg wkqj ;d, ;nkak'
• 3" 4 f.dv irU$b,x.ï irU$fodôk mo ;d,hg wkqj wNHdi lrkak'
• oDYHdOdr fyda .=re ls%hdldrlï fyda ksÍlaIKh lrñka ksjerÈ wx.ydr idlÉPd
lrkak'
• fnr jdokhg wkqj ksjerÈ wx.ydr wkq.ukh lrñka iu.=K fo.=K ,hg wNHdi
lrkak'
• 3"4 irUj,g wod< lia;srï$ brÜá$l,diï ;d, ;nd lshkak'
• wod< lia;srï$ brÜá$wNHdi lrkak'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 12

 Wvrg - f.dv irU

;=ka jk f.dv irUh

irU kduh ( ;=ka wäh

moh ( fodñlsg lsg fodï
lia;sru ( .;a;l= ð;a;ï .ð;l= ð;a;ï ;ßlsg ð;a
;ßlsg fodñlsg ;d

$ $ $ $

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

iu.=K fod ñ ls g ls g fodï - fod ñ ls g ls g fodñ -

fo.=K fodñ lsg lsg fodñ fodï lsg lsg fodñ fodñ lsg lsg fodñ fodñ lsg lsg fodñ

lia;sru .;a - ; l= ð;a - ;ï - . ð ; l= ð;a - ;ï -

;ß lsg ð;a - ;ß lsg fodñ lsg ;d - - -

y;r jk f.dv irUh

irU kduh ( isõ wäh

moh ( fodñ lsg lsg fodï
lia;sru ( .;a;l= ð;a;ï .ð;l= ð;a;ï .ðx ðx; l=o
.ð;l= ð;a;ï ;ßlsg ð;a ;ßlsg fodñlsg ;d

$ $ $ $

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

lia;sru .;a - ; l= ð;a - ;ï - . ð ; l= ð;a - ;ï -

. ðx - ðx - ; l= o . ð ; l= ð;a - ;ï -

;ß lsg ð;a - ;ß lsg fodñ lsg ;d -

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 13

 my;rg - b,x.ï irU

;=ka jk irUh ( .=xo .=ox .;a Èx .;a ±ysï ^È..;&

brÜáh ( fodx; .;x .=ï Èx.; .;a;;a
.oaÈ; .;.;a Èï.; .=xo;a ;d
$ $ $ $

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

iu.=K .=ï - o .= oï - .;a - Èï - .;a - ±ysï - È;. .;

fo.=K .=ï o.= oï .;a Èï .;a ±ysï È..; .=ï o.= ox .;a Èï .;a ±ysï È;.;

brÜáh fodx ;l ;x fodx Èx .; .;a ;;a .;a È; .; .;a Èï .; .=x o;a

;d

y;rjk irUh ( fr.=| .;l= fodï

brÜáh ( fr.=| .È; .; .=¢;l fr.;l= fodï
$ $ $ $

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1$ 2 3 4

1 2 3 4
iu.=K fr .= | . ; l== fodï - fr .= | . ; l= fodï -

; l== fodï -
fo.=K fr.= |. ;l= fodï fr.= |. ;l= fodï fr.= |. ;l= fodï fr.= |. ;l= fodï

fr.= oÕ ;l= fodï

brÜáh fr .= | . È ; . ; .= ¢ ; l fr
fr .. ; l=l=
;
fodï

inr.uq - fodôk mo
;=ka jk moh ( f;hs f;hs f;hs; f;hd f;hd f;hs;

$ $ $ $

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4

iu.=K f; hs f; hs f; hs ; - f; hd f; hd f; hs ; -

fo.=K f;hs f;hs f;hs ; f;hd f;hd f;hs ; f;hs f;hs f;hs ; f;hd f;hd f;hs ;

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 14

 y;r jk moh ( f;hs .;l=| f;hs ;lg$$
f;hs .; l=| $$ f;hs ;lg

$ $ $ $

1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

iu.=K f; hs . ; l= | f; hs - ; l g
f; hs . ; l= | f; hs - ; l g
f; hs . ; l= | f; hs . ; l= o
f; hs . ; l= | f; hs - ; l g

fo.=K f;hs .; l=| f;hs ; lg f;hs .; l| f;hs ; lg

f;hs .; l=| f;hs .; l=| f;hs .; l=| f;hs ; lg

idïm%odhsl k¾;k weiqßka w,xldr ud;%d ks¾udKh

ud;%d 2 + 3 ^iq¿ ueÿï& fo;s;g w,xldr mo ^ud;%d& ks¾udKh lsÍu'

6 fYa%Ksfha § W.;a w,xldr mo k¾;kh ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lrñka iq¿

ueÿï ^2 + 3& fo;;sg wh;a k¾;k wx.hla krUd tys olakg ,efnk p,k" wx.ydr"
;d, ms<sn| j iduQysl j idlÉPd lsÍu fuys § jeo.;a fõ' .=rejrhd jdokh lrk fnr
mohg wkqj ;d, ;eîfuka tys ßoauh ms<sn| wjfndaOh ,nd .; yels h'

óg by; wNHdi lrk ,o irU weiqre lr.ksñka w,xldr mo ks¾udKh lr

.ekSug W;aidy lrkak' fuys § Wv mekSu" lerlSu" me;a;g .uka lsÍu jeks lsh
% dldrlï
Wmfhda.S lr .; yels h'

jkakï .hñka keàu

Wvrg - ykqud jkaku

6 fYa%Ksfha § bf.k .kakd ,o ykqud jkaku .dhkh lrñka fnr jdokhg

wkqj k¾;kh lrkak'

w,xldr mo keàfuka miqj lia;sru k¾;kh lrkak'

lia;sru - rex;l ðx;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a

;d.a. ðx;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a
rex;l ðx;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 15

 by; mßÈ lia;sru k¾;kh l< yels w;r tu lia;sru my; i|yka wdldrhg
§¾> f,i o k¾;kh lsÍug yelshdj we;' fuys § wjYH kï .=rejrhdf.ka Wmfoia
,nd .kak'

lia;sru - rex;l ðx;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a$$$

;d.a. ðx;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a$$
rex;l ðx;l ;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d

iSreudrej - ;l= ;l ðð l=| .ð; .ð; l=o

.ð .; l=| l=| ;d l=ð;a; .;
fodñ lsg ;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d

wvõj - ;;a f;d`. ;l f;dÕ

;lalv ;ßlsg ;lf;d`.
;lg ðlg f;dÕ ðlalv ;ßlsg ;l f;d`.
;dl= ð;a; .; fodñlsg ;ßlsg l=kao;a ;d

fuu wvõjg wu;r j ud;%d 2 + 2 ;ks ;s;g wod< fjk;a wvõjla jqj o fhdod
.; yels h'

iSreudrej iy wvõj ;d, ;nñka lSfuka miq j fldgia jYfhka ms<sfj<ska

k¾;kh lrkak'

my;rg - ykquka;d ;d,h iskaÿ jkaku

6 fYa%Ksfha § bf.k .kakd ,o iskaÿ jkaku .dhkh lrñka kej; jkakfï

ish¨ u fldgia wNHdi lrkak' tys § wx.ydr yd uKaäh ms<sn| j ie,ls,su;a ùu
jeo.;a h'

brÜáh ( .;slsg .; fodx .=.=| ;ß

;;a È;a f;dx kx
.=ys;s.Èßlsg .;a;;a fodï;l Èl=ox
.;a; È;a; .; .ys;s.;x
;l= È.= fodï

inr.uq - wks,d jkaku

6 fYa%Ksfha § bf.k .kakd ,o wks,d jkaku ud;%d 2 + 2 ;d,hg .dhkh

lrñka k¾;kh lrkak' miq j l,diu k¾;kh o tf,i l< yels h'

l,diu - ðñlsg lsá;l ;ßlsg lsá;l$$$

.;s; l=È;a;;a

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 16

 wvõj - .;a; l=|;a ;d fodx.v ;rslsg cs;a ;d
.; l=| cs; l=| ;;alv cs;alv fodxf.dv ;rslsg
fcx; fcx; .; .;s .; osrslsg ;rslsg ;d
ðñ;a ;;a .;s .; y¾ð;a .; l=| ;d

wvõj ;d, ;nd lSfuka miq j .=re Wmfoiaj,g wkqj fldgia jYfhka f.k
k¾;kh lrkak'

Wvrg - ;=rÕd jkaku

;s; ( ud;%d 2$3 fo;s; ^iq¿ ueÿï&

^ /
;d, rEmh ( 1 2 1 2 3

fnr moh ( fodx ðx; .; fodx;

;dku ( ;;a ;;a ;k;a ;fkk ;;a ;;a ;k;a ;fkk

;;a ;;a ;k;a ;ïo kd kd
;k ;fkk ;k ;fkk ;;k kï ok ;fkk
;dk;a ;k;a ;ï o kd kd

lúh (
i;a fj;a uy;a wor ,;a hq;a iso;a l=ure
.;a is;a f;di;a meúÈ wx.d
wK lrk Pkakfhk lka:lh wiq f.fkk
f.k fhÿK wiqf. msg kex.d

.;a .;a mh;a wiqf. Yío;a ji;a iqß÷

hkafkka f;diska ;sfok iuÕ
hk hfkk l, ;sfok t;ek ;ek miqj ±k
.xf;rg m;a WKsh tuÕd

,;a ,;a is;;a ;sfok fj;a fj;a tlla miqj

uq;a lka:l;a fõ h ;=rÕd
isÿy;=k f.k jyk Pkak j,s.h w;sk
mekafkka tf;r wfkdu .x.d

f.d;a is;a uy;a reisre ,;a hq;a iso;a l=ure

f.ka fi;a /.;a fk¾; wx.d
;sfok mek .sh .Õsk tf;o wK f.k ne;sk
fhÿj keK j¾Kfhk ;=rÕd

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 17

 lia;sru ( l=| .ð; l=| .ð; l=| .ð; l=| ;d$$
^ol=K iy ju&
l=| .ð; l=| ;d$$
l=| ;d$$
l=| .ð; l=| .ð; l=| .ð; l=| ;d

my;rg - NjdÈ ;d,h iskaÿ jkaku

ud;%d 2 + 3 fyj;a iq¿ ueÿï fo;s;g fnr moh ;d, ;nñka lshkak' miq j
jkakfï ;dku" lúh o .dhkh l< yels w;r fnr jdokh o fhdod .; yels h'

iskaÿ jkakï k¾;kfha § ;dkug;a lúhg;a hk fldgia folg u w,xldr

ud;%d k¾;kh lsÍu úfYaIhls' tys § my;rg ir, w,xldr mo fhdod .; yels w;r
isiq YlH;d wkqj mo k¾;kh úúO úh yels h' kshñ; wx.ydr wkq.ukh lrñka
jkakfï mo fldgia k¾;k lsÍu jeo.;a jk w;r" wjidkfha brÜáh keàu isÿ
flf¾'

my;rg NdjdÈ ;d,h isxÿ jkaku

;s; ( ud;%d 2 + 3 fo;s; ^iq¿ ueÿï fo;s;&

;d, rEmh ( ^ /
1 2 $1 2 3

fnr moh ( Èx .È.;x fodx;

;dku ( f;ï f;k f;kï f;fkk

f;ï f;k f;kï f;fkk
f;ï f;k f;kï f;fkk
f;fkkd

lúh ( ieug u nhkaldr fjñ ks÷ tjka uqyq,

n,fhka hqog msúi tÈ fka
kul, úl=ka kEr m< l< frdiska fkal
l=,jr ijka iyi kÈ fka
ÿgq ÿgq ìÕ=ka fiau ì| yer Tjqka iEu
fialr lrka iqß÷ ir fka
fmulr is;ska fndau ku lr lshka f,dal
i; /l fojka biqre ks;s fka

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 18

 brÜáh (

Èx .;s. ;ï fodx; - .; .ys;s .;ï ;;a ;;a

.=| .;s .;ï fodï; - .; .ys;s .;ï fodï fodï

kshñ; ;s;g brÜáh ;d, ;nñka lshkak' miq j fldgia jYfhka f.k
k¾;kh l< yels h'

inr.uq - l=Èrdä jkaku

1' ðx ðñ; ;;a ;lg hk ojq,a moh ud;%d 2 + 3 fo;s;g ;d, ;nñka lshkak'

2' ojq,a jdokhg wkqj ;dku" lúh lSmjrla .dhkh lrkak'

;dkug iy lú moj,g yia; mdo p,kh lrñka w,xldr mo keàu inr.uq

jkakïj, ±lsh yels iqúfYaI ,laIKhls' ta i|yd ud;%d mfya w,xldr mo yd msg ud;%d
mo wdÈh fhdod .; yels h tys § wmg wjYH wdldrhg w,xldr mo ie,iqï lr .;
yels h' jkakfï mo fldgia kgd wjidkfha l,diu yd wvõj k¾;kh lrkq ,efí'

inr.uq - l=Èrdä jkaku

;s; ( ud;%d 2 + 3 fo;s; ^iq¿ ueÿï fo;s;&

;d, rEmh ( ^ /
1 2 $1 2 3

ojq,a moh ( ðx ðñ; ;;a ;lg

;dku ( ;;a ;;a; k;a ;fkk - ;;a ;;a ; k;a ;fkk

;;a ;;a; k;a ;ïo - kd kd
;k ;fkk ;k ;fkk ;k ;fkk ;k ;ïo
;;a ;;a; k;a ;ïo kd kd

lúh ( i;af;ka rcqka fmdrK .;af;ka /Õ=ï lrk

we;af;ka lssúka msßj rd
b| fomi je| tl, wjirh f.k ti|
lsh;a lú ±k t;k jd ã
frd;af;ka uy;a fikÕ is;a fu;a ne¨ï lrk
we;af;ka lúka msßj rd
ti| i; isßjhk f,ig hi lSu fkl
mejiQ fid| f,iska ne¨Kd ã
.;af;ka rnka velals lú ;d, ñysÕ= fnr

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 19

 tla;eka fjñka mEo rd
/f.k uÕ hk wiqka ú,i ±k lSu lú
t;k isg mej;s rÕ kd ã
we;af;ka lshka fulú i;af;ka wika fu;k
ke;akï thska fjhs mrd
foj .ug ÿj hkak lshñ fï jkakfï
ku wiõ fuf,i l=Èrd ã

l,diu ( ðx .;;a .;a;d $$$

ðx .;;a .;a ;lg ðx .;;a .;a;d

kshñ; ;s;g l,diu ;d, ;nñka lshkak' miqj fldgia jYfhka k¾;kh lr
fnr jdokh iuÕ l,diu kej; k¾;kh lrkak'

m%ia;dr lsÍu

fo;sf;a m%fNao y÷kd .ekSu'

ud;%d 2" ud;%d 3" ud;%d 4" ^iq¿" ueÿï" uy& hk uQ,sl ;s;a rEm ;=k wdY%fhka
fo;sf;a ;s;a rEm fn§ hk wdldrh my; olajd we;'
fo;sf;a m%fNao

^ ^ ^
iq¿ ueÿï fo;s; iq¿ uy fo;s; ueÿï uy fo;s;
ud;%d 2 + 3 ud;%d 2 + 4 ud;%d 3 + 4

fo;sf;a m%fNao m%ia;dr lsÍfï § ;ks;sf;a m%ia;drlrKfha § Ndú; lrk ,o

f;hs hk ;d, ix{djg ;s;a hk ;d, ix{dj uq,g tl;= lr ;s;a f;hs hkqfjka fhdod
.kq ,nhs' my; ±lafjkafka tu ix{d i,l=Kq fhdok wdldrh hs'

Wod ( ^ / ^ /
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3

fnrmo m%ia;dr lsÍu

2 + 3 fo;sf;a ;d, rEmh
^ $ ^ $
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3

Wvrg fodx - ðx - ; . ; fodx - ;

my;rg .=x - fo . ; .;a - ; .=x -

inr.uq ðx - ð ñ ; ;;a - ; l g

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 20

 2 + 4 ;d, rEmh

^ $ ^ $
1 2 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4

Wvrg fodx - fodx - ðx - ðx - . ð . ;

my;rg fodx - fodx - . ; .;a - È;a - ; l=

inr.uq ðx - ð ñ ls g ;;a - ; ß ls g

3 + 4 ;d, rEmh
^ $ ^ $
1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 1 2 3 4

Wvrg fodax - - ðx - ðx - ; l g fodx - ; l

; l=x - ðx - ðx - ; l g fodx - ; l

my;rg .=x - o . ;s . ; .;a - ; .= ¢ Õ= |

inr.uq ð ñ;a - ;la - ls g ; l g ðx - ; l

lú m%ia;dr lsÍu

;d,ï lú
$ $ $ $
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

w f.a - j v k u f. ;d - ,ï -
y r U n ,ka - fka - - - - -
j f.a - fkd ± k we hs kQ U ,d -
lS - u g tka - fka - - - - -
l f.a - .s,a - , f, i ne ß fjhs -
kq U g fnd ,ka - fka - - - - -
u f.a - oE - ; ;d - , ï m g
y r U n ,ka - fka - - - - -

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 21

 l=¿ lú
$ $ $ $
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

< ud - ,s fhda - . j id - u,a -

j r < ms g - - - - - - -
o ud - l r g uq ;= fmd g w ;
j < ¨ j g - - - - - - -
fm ud - j v k f, i i r id -
T i ß fmd g - - - - - - -
m ud - fkd j r Õ ;s l= ¨ f. k
i fí - ms g - - - - - - -

u,a hyka lú
$ $ $ $
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

mq gq j i r i ,hs - u u ie ,
l rka - fka - - - - - - - -
mq gq fj ;s fh k o ¿ nq , ;=hs -
mq oka - fka - - - - - - - -
le gq j isõ - j rka - i u .ska -
n ,ka - fka - - - - - - - -
Ys% hd - foa - ú u,a - w ia fk g
j äka - fka - - - - - - - -

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 22

 jkakï m%ia;dr lsÍu
Wvrg - ;=rÕd jkaku
;d, rEmh ( ud;%d 2 + 3 iq¿ ueÿï fo;s;

^ / ^ /
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3

fnr fodx - ðx - ; . ; fodx - ;

moh

;dku ;;a - ;;a - ; k;a - ; fk k

;;a - ;;a - ; k;a - ; fk k
;;a - ;;a - ; k;a - ;ï - o
kd - kd - - - - - - -
; k ; fk k ; k ; fk k
; ; k ;ï - o k ; fk k
;d - k;a - ; k;a - ;ï o -
kd - kd - - - - - - -

lúh i;a - fj;a - u y;a - w o r

,;a - hq;a - is o;a - l= u re
.;a - is;a - f;d i;a - me ú È
wx - .d - - - - - - -
w K l r k Pka - k fh k
lka - : l h w iq f. fk k
f. k t ÿ k w iq f. ms g
kex - .d - - - - - - -

lia;rs u l= | . ð ; l= | . ð ;
//
l= | . ð ; l= | ;d -

l= | . ð ; l= | ;d - //
l= | ;d - l= | ;d

l= | . ð ; l= | . ð ;

l= | . ð ; l= | ;d

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 23

 NdjdÈ ;d,h iskaÿ jkaku
ud;%d 2 + 3 fo;s; ^iq¿ ueÿï fo;s;&

^ / ^ /
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3

fnr Èx - . ;s . ;ï - fodx - ;
moh

;dku f;ï - f; k f; kï - f; fk k
f;ï - f; k f; kï - f; fk k
f;ï - f; k f; kï - f; fk k
f; fk kd - - - - - - -

lúh ie u g u n hka - ld - r
fj ñ ks ÷ t jka - uq yq ,
n , fhka - hq o g ms ú i
t È fka - - - - - - -
k u l , ú l=ka - kE - r
m , j r i is;a - fka - l
l= , fka - - jka - i y i
k È ÿ gq ì - - - - -
od u ye r U Õ=ka - fia - -
´ | l r k jqka - iE - u
fia - fka - - rka - iq ß ÷
i r l r hs - - - - -
fm u l r ls ;s;a - fnda - u
k u / l fo hka - f,da - l
i ; fka - - jka - b iq re
ks i - - - - -

brÜáh Èx - . ;s . ;x - fodx - ;
. ; .y;s. ;ï - ;;a - ;;a - -
.= | . ;s . ;x - fodx - ;
Õ ; .ys;.
s ;x - fodx - fodx

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 24

 l=Èrä jkaku ^inr.uq&

^ / ^ /
1 2 1 2 3 1 2 1 2 3

ojq, ðx - ð ñ ; ;;a - ; l g
moh

;dku ;;a - ;;a - ; k;a - ; fk k

;;a - ;;a - ; k;a - ; fk k
;;a - ;;a - ; k;a - ; ï o
kd - kd - - - - - - -
; k ; fk k ; k ; fk k
; k ; fk k ; k ;ï - o
;;a - ;;a - ; k;a - ; ï o
kd - kd - - - - - - -

lúh i;a - f;ka - r cqka - fmd r K

.;a - f;ka - / `.=ï - l r k
we;a - f;ka - ls úka - ms ß j
rd - - - - - - - - -
b | fo m i je | t l ,
w j i r h f. k t i |
ls h;a - l ú ± k t ;e k
jd - ã - - - - - - -
frd;a - f;ka - u y;a - fi k Õ
is;a - fuka - ne ¨ka - l r k
we;a - f;ka - l úka - ms ß j
rd - - - - - - - - -
t i o i ; is ß j h k
f, i g h i ls - u fk l
me j iq fid | f, iska - ne ¨
Kd - ã - - - - - - -
.;a f;ka - r nka - vela - ls
l ú ;d - , ñ ys `.= fn r
t tla ;eka - fj ñka - mE - o
rd - - - - - - - - -
/ f. k u . h y w iqka -
ú , i ± k lS - u l ú
t ; k is g me j ;s r Õ
kd - ã - - - - - - -
we;a - f;ka - ls h k fu l ú
i;a - f;ka - w ika - fu ; k
ke;a - ; ñ t bka - fj hs m
rd -

l,diu ðx - . ;;a - .;a - ;d - -

ðx - . ;;a - .;a - ;d - -
ðx - . ;;a - .;a - ; l g
ðx - . ;;a - .;a - ;d

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 25

 3 mßÉfþoh

3'0 idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKav yd úl,am jdoH WmlrK

idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKav

ojq, jdoH NdKavh

idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKav f,i y÷kajkq ,nk .eg fnrh" fofjd,a fnrh" ojq,"
;ïueÜgu" Wvelalsh" rndk iy ;d,ïmg Wvrg" my;rg" inr.uq hk iïm%odhkag
wdfõKsl jQ NdKav h' by; i|yka l< NdKav w;ßka inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odhfha
m%Odk jdoH NdKavh jk ojq," jdoH NdKav w;r §¾> b;sydihla we;'

mqrdKfha isg wd.ñl wjia:dj, f;ajd fyaúis jdok" fmryer i|yd fuka u
ikaksfõok ld¾hhg o ojq, Ndú; lr we;' WodyrK f,i ( fyaúis" wK fnr" u<
fnr" rK fnr oelaúh yels h' fï ieu wjia:djl u ojq,a jdokh m%Odk jk w;r
iuyr wjia:dj, ;ïueÜgu yd fydrKEj iydh jdoH NdKav f,i fhdodf.k we;'

oUfoKs wiafkys zzf,day ojq,a" ðk ojq,a" uy ojq,a '''''''' jYfhka ojq,a j¾.
lSmhla kï lr we;' ,xldfõ bmerKs ck fldgila jk jeÈ ckhd w;r mj;skafka
o ojq,g iudk jQ is,sKavrdldr fnrhls'

inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odhh i|yd fhdod .kakd ojq,g iudk fnr j¾. wdishdfõ
fjk;a rgj, o fnfyúka ±lsh yels fõ' flfia fj;;a ojq, wmg wdfõKsl ixialD;shg
wkqj ilia lrf.k idod we;' ojq, iE§ug uQ,sl j .i lemSu o Y=N uqyQ¾;fhka lrk
wdldrh my; i|yka lúfhka úia;r fõ'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 26

 wei<h mif<diajl od
ñ,a,h fma lrmq t od
kshñka iqn fudfyd; t od
ojq,g l| lemqj t od

fï wdldrhg iqn fudfyd;ska weye<" fldfydU" fldia" ñ,a, ls;=,a wdÈ .il" jg
m%udKh wÕ,a 45 lajk l|la" È.ska wÕ,a 15l m%udKhg f.k ilia lr .efka' ta
ms<sn| ojq,a Wmf;a i|yka jkafka my; wdldrhg h'

l| È. mif<dia wÕ= f,a

jg y;<sia mia wÕ= f,a
ta ±l reis kshu l f<a
fï f,i kshuhs ojq f,a

fï whqßka ilia lr .kakd ojq,a l|g fhdok wei ilia lr .kafka yrla yï
fyda t¿ yï fyda Ndú; lrñks' t¿ yu fyda yrla yu meh 2" 3l ld,hla c,fhys
fmdÕjhs' tu iu uDÿ ;;a;ajhg m;a lr f.k" fyd¢ka weo fnr lf|ys we;s l=yrh
jefik fia ;nd m%ñ;shg wkqj wjYH wdldrhg ne| ojq, ilia lr .kS'

fufia ilia lr .kakd ojq, wka jdoH NdKavj,g jvd úfYaI;ajhla olajk
;j;a fya;=jls" tla me;a;la w;ska iy wksla me;a; WmlrKhla Ndú; lrñka jdokh
lsÍu' wfkla ish¨ u NdKav jdokhg Ys,amSkA fhdod .kafka ;u oE;a muKs' ke;fyd;a
WmlrK muKs' ojq, jdokhg fhdod .kakd WmlrKh y÷kajkafka lämamqj kñks'
tneúka mxp ;+¾h j¾.SlrKfha zzú;;d;;ZZ j¾.hg ojq, wh;a fõ' lämamqj iE§u
i|yd zweÜfÜßhdZ jeks .iaj, fldagq Wmfhda.S lr .efka' lämamqfõ rEm igykla
my; ±lafõ'

by; wdldrhg iod .kakd lämamqj w,a,k fldgi i|yd frÈ má T;kafka
jdokh lsÍfï § ,siaiSu j<lajd .ekSug h'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 27

 ls%hdldrlu

1' mqrdKfha ojq, Ndú; lr we;s jdok wjia:d y;rla kï lrkak'

2' ojq,a wei iE§ug .kakd iï j¾. fol kï lrkak'
3' ojq, jdokh i|yd Ndú; lrk WmlrKfha ku l=ula o@
4' ojqf,a È. m%udKh iy ojq,a lf|ys jg m%udKh ,shkak'

úl,am jdoH WmlrK

úl,am jdoH WmlrK f,i y÷kajkq ,nkafka bj; ,k øjH Wmfhda.S lr f.k
iq<x uÕska" oE;a yd WmlrK wdÈ foa fhdod f.k ;Ügq lsÍfuka fyda f;rmSfuka fyda
y~ Wmojd .ekSug yels wdldrhg ksmojd .;a NdKav hs'

yh fY%aKsfha § áka fnr" tlaiaf¾ fnr" .ia,nq ng k<d wdÈh ilia l< nj
u;l we;s'

ta wdldrhg iE¥ áka fnr ;=kla f.k tl áka fnrhlg j;=r 3$4 muK msrúh
yels h' wfklg j;=r 1$4 muK msrúh yels h' wfklg l=vd .,a leg 2$4 la muK
msrúh yels h'

jdokh i|yd fldagq lE,s folla Ndú;hg .; yels h'

tfia u f.dhï kegqfï § Ndú; lrk nqïueähg iudk WmlrKhla idod .;

yels h' ueá$ms;a;, l<hla iy tlaiaf¾ fld<hla f.k l<fha lg jefik fia
tlaiaf¾ fld<h ;nd lg .eg .ikak' thg ;Ügq lsÍfuka o y~ Wmojd .; yels h'

;j o lg fkdjik ,o ùÿre fnda;, lSmhla iy remshf,a$Y; mkfya fyda ldis

folla f.k tu fnda;,hg ldisj,ska ;Ügq lsÍfuka y~ Wmojd .; yels h'

óg wu;r j idudkH m%udKfha fmd,a lgq folla f.k t ;=<g ,S len,s folla
iú lr tu ,S lene,af,ka w,a,d fmd,a lgq fol tlg .eiSfuka o y~ Wmojd .;
yels h'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 28

 ls%hdldrlu

1' fi,ùfuka" ;Ügq lsÍfuka yd msöfuka jdokh l< yels úl,am jdoH WmlrK
fol ne.ska kï lrkak'
2' kï lrk ,o tla NdKavhla ilia lr jdokh lrkak'

idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKav yd úl,am jdoH WmlrK

iuQy jdokhla lrñka jdok l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lsÍu i|yd idïm%odhsl jdoH
NdKav fuka u úl,am jdoH WmlrK o Wmfhda.S lr .; yels h' fï i|yd idïm%odhsl
NdKav jk .eg fnrh" fofjd,a fnrh" ojq," ;ïueÜgu" Wvelalsh" rndk wdÈ jdoH
NdKav iQodkï lr .; yels h' fïjd tla j¾.hlska tla NdKavhla j;a ;sìh hq;= h'
tfia u 6 fY%aKsfha § fuka u 7 fYa%Ksfha § ksmojd .;a úl,am jdoH WmlrK tla
j¾.hlska fol ne.ska fyda fhdod .; hq;= h'

Wod ( idïm%odhsl jdoH NdKavhla jk .egfnrhla yd thg úl,am WmlrKhla

f,i ilia lrk ,o áka fnr folla .ekSu iqÿiq h'

fufia ilia lr .;a NdKavj,g iy idïm%odhsl NdKavj,g ;Ügq lsÍfï §

fkdfhla wdldrfha Yío ksmofjhs' ;d,hlg wkqj fnr mohla jdokh lruq'

/ / / /
1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2

l= | . ; . ; fodï -

/ / / /
1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3 1 2 3

l= | g . ; g l= | g . ðx -

fuu fnr moj,g wod< Yío èjks jdok NdKavj,ska jdokh l< yels h'

Bg wu;r j úúO NdKavj,g moh fldgia lr §fuka úúO;ajhla we;s lr.;

yels h' WodyrK f,i my; j.=j n,kak'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 29

 .egfnrh úl,am jdoH WmlrK ojq, .egfnrh" úl,am
;ïueÜgu jdµ WmlrK
iy ojq,

l=|g .;g l=|g .ðx

fï wdldrhg fnr mo fjkqjg úl,am fnr mo fhdod .ekSu o l< yels h'

;j o - l=|g .;g l=|g .ðx ^by; j.=j wdldrhg&

p,a p,a p,a .ðx .ðx ^.egfnrh" ojq, iy úl,am jdoH WmlrKh
;ïueÜgu&

je,s mqrjk ,o ma,diaála

fnda;,h fi,ùu

by; wdldrhg o jdokh bÈßm;a l< yels h'

óg wu;r j ish¨ NdKav Wmfhda.S lr .ksñka fkdfhl=;a wdldrhg jdokh

lsÍu l< yels h' by; i|yka lrk ,oafoa ;ks ;s; i|yd fnr mohls' óg wu;r j
fo;s;g wh;a ;d, rEmj,g o jdokh l< yels h'

Wod ( fodx ðx; .; fodx;

fujeks lú mo ks¾udKh lr jdokh lsÍu o l< yels h'

u< ysre;a nei hkj

iqÿ kx.s f.g tkak
nqÿ idÿ n,ka we;s
u,a myka o,a juq o

f;audjlg wkqj jdok

óg fmr W.;a mo weiqfrka fkdfhla wdldrhg mo jdokh isÿ l< yels w;r
f;audjla wkqj jdokh lsÍu o l< yels h'

jákd ixialD;sl wx.hla oDYHudk jk zfmryerZ f;audj f,i .ksuq' fmryerla

u;lhg .kak' tys kdoh ms<sn| y~ wjOdkhg fhduq lrkak' wE;ska tk fmryefrys
y~g lka ÿka whqre fufkys lrkak' Tng weiqKq uq,a u y~ isg wjika jk f;la
weiqKq y~ kej; wdj¾ckh lrkak'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 30

 fmryr ms<sn| lreKq idlÉPd lrkak' li y~ weiqfrka kï tu y~ Wmojk
wdldrhg úl,am jdoH WmlrKhla ks¾udKh lr ^f.dma fld< lSmhla È.g brd ^fjka
fkdlr& .; yels h'

bka miq j .fï fmryefrys kï m~qre fmÜáhla fid,jñka tk y~ wefihs' ta

fjkqjg fgdksla mshkaj,ska ie¥ j<,af,ka m%fhdack .; yels h'

bka miq fyaúis y~ fjkqjg áka fnr" whsialS%ï fldamamj,ska iE¥ ;ïueÜgï"
.ia,nq ngfhka ieÿï,;a k<dj wdÈh .ekSug mq¿jk'

tfia u .eñ kegqïj, § ,S tlg .eiSfuka ,S fl<s ;d, y~g o" fmd,algq tlg
.eiSfuka m;=re kegqfï y~g iudk y~la Wmojd .; yels h'

fï wdldrhg úl,am jdoH NdKav yiqrejd fmryerla i|yd iuQy jdokhla

bÈßm;a l< yels h'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 31

 4 mßÉfþoh

4'0 YS% ,dxflah ixialD;sh yd ine|s .dhkdj, miqìu yd .dhkh

jkakñj, iudc ixialD;sl miqìu

Wvrg" my;rg" inr.uq hk k¾;k iïm%odh ;s%;ajhg u fmdÿ jQ jkakï" uq,a

hq.fha rpkd jS we;af;a .dhkh i|yd h' Wvrg jkakï yd inr.uq jkakï úfkdaodiajdoh
wruqKq fldg f.k rpkd ù we;s w;r" my;rg iskÿa jkakï foúkqjr Wmq,ajka ^úIaK&q
foúhka flfrys Nla;sh fmr±ß fldg f.k Ydka;shla wfmalaIdfjka rpkd ù we;s nj
fmfka' .dhk lsÍu i|yd u rpkd ù we;s fuu jkakïj,g miq ld,fha k¾;kh
fhdod f.k we;' m%ia;=;fhka lshfjk woyi m%ldY ùula idïm%odhsl jkakï
k¾;kfha § bÈßm;a fkdlsÍu fmdÿ ,laIKhls' .dhkhg wkqj ;d,dkql+, p,khkays
fh§u jkakï k¾;kfha wdfõKsl iajNdjh hs'

Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odhfha jkakï oy wgla o my;rg iskaÿ jkakï ;sia folla
o Ndú;fha we;s w;r inr.uq iïm%odhfha jkakï ^21& úis tlla f,i ms<sf.k we;s
kuqÿ ±kg jkakï oy wgla Ndú;fha mj;S' kdñl jYfhka Wvrg yd inr.uq iuyr
jkakïj, iudk;ajhla olakg we;s w;r my;rg iskaÿ jkakï ;d, Í;Skag wkql+, j
,shù we;s nj fmfka'

Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odhh - ;=rÕd jkaku

;=rÕd hkq wYajhdg iudkd¾: mohls' ;=rÕd jkakfï m%ia;=;fhka j¾Kkd

jkafka isÿy;a l=ure .sysf.h w;yer lka;l kï jQ wiq msg keÕS wfkdaud .x f;ßka
tf;r ù meúÈ nj ,nd .ekSug msg;a jQ wdldrh hs'

fuu jkaku ud;%d 2 + 3 fo;sf;a ;d, rEmh wkqj .dhkh flf¾' tu ;d,
rEmhg wkql+, j .dhkfha kdoud,dj ieliS we;'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 32

 my;rg k¾;k iïm%odh - NdjdÈ ;d,h iskÿ
a jkaku

fmdÿfõ iskaÿ jkakïj, ±lsh yels fi;a Ydka;sh ms<sn| j wfmalaIdj NdjdÈ
;d,h iskaÿ jkakfuka ms<sìUq fõ' ud;%d 2 + 3 ;d, rEmh wkqj .dhkh flfrk fuu
iskaÿ jkaku rpkd ú we;af;a o úIaKq foúhkaf.a .=K ms<sn| j¾Kkd lsÍu i|yd h'
úIaKq foúhkaf.a ùr úl%udkaú; Ndjh úia;r lr f,dal i;a;ajhd wdrlaId lr fok
f,i kuialdr mQ¾jl j b,a,d isàu fuu lúfhka woyia fõ'

inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odh - l=Èrä jkaku

ud;%d 2 + 3 ;d, rEm wkqj l=Èrdä jkaku .dhkd flf¾'

^* jkakï .dhkh i|yd msgq wxl 16 isg we;s jkakï Ndú;hg .kak'&

l=¨ kegqfuS .dhkdj, iudÔSh yd ixialD;sl miqìu

lDIsld¾ñl iudcfha w;HjYH WmlrKhla f,i Ndú; jQ l=,a, mokï lr

f.k ks¾udKh ù we;s lú" l=¨ kegqfó lú jYfhka ye¢kaúh yels h'

l=,a, ilia lr we;s wdldrh ta i|yd fhdod .;a wuqøjH yd l=¨ /f.k
ls%hdldrlïj, fhfok ldka;djka ms<sn| f;dr;=re fuka u l=,a, Wmfhda.S lr f.k
isÿ flfrk úúO ld¾hhka .ek o l=¨ lúj,ska lshfõ' ir, NdId ffY,shla fhdod
.ksñka l=,af,ka isÿ flfrk fuu ld¾hhka w;sYfhdala;shlska f;dr j .eñ lúhd
bÈßm;a lr we;s wdldrh tu lú ms<sn| f;dr;=re úuid ne,Sfuka meyeÈ,s fõ' fuys
kdo ud,dfõ iqúfYaI;ajh jkafka l=,af,ka lrkq ,nk ls%hdldrlï ksrEmKh lsÍug
WÑ; whqßka ks¾udKh ù ;sîuhs'

Wod ( rkaf;,Uqfõ yd r;akj,a,sfha tk lú o l=¨ kegqu i|yd Ndú;hg

.efka'

;d,ï kegqfuS lúj, iudc ixialD;sl miqìu

YS% ,xldfõ m%p,s; .eñ .dhkd w;r ;d,ï lú ;j;a iqúfYaI fldgila f,i
ye¢kaúh yels h' k¾;k" .dhk" jdok hk ;s%;aj ls%hdj,sfha § ;d, ;eîu fyj;a
;d,h u;= fldg ±laùu ;d,ïmáka isÿ fõ' my;rg" inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odh folg
u jvd ;d,h biau;= fldg ±laùu i|yd ;d,ïmg Ndú; flfrkafka Wvrg k¾;k
iïm%odhfha § h' ta wkqj ;d,ïfmdáka isÿ flfrk fuu ls%hdj,sh ;j ÿrg;a u;=
fldg ±laùu i|yd ;d,ïfmdg iïnkaO fldg f.k úúO woyia ±lafjk lú ks¾udKh
ù we;s whqre úuid n,uq' ±kg rpkd ù we;s we;eï ;d,ï lú úuid ne,Sfï § ;ukaf.a
m%;sjd§kag wNsfhda. lrk wdldrh" tys we;s iqúfYaI;ajh nj;a ir, NdId ffY,shla
fhdod .ksñka ks¾udKh lr we;s nj;a fmfka' fï wkqj Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odhfha §
Ndú; l< ;d,ïmg weiqre lr .ksñka ;d,ï lú kñka lú .dhkh ks¾udKh ù we;s
neõ lsj yels h'
Wod ( wf.a jvk uf.a ;d,ï '''''''''''''''''''' ^36 msgqj n,kak&
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 33
 u,ahyka lúj, iudchSh yd ixialD;sl miqìu

´kE u iudchl iqn lghq;a;la wdrïNfha foú foaj;djqkaf.ka wdYS¾jdoh ,nd

.ekSu isß;ls' tksid u lrorhla" wm, Wmøjhla" wiajekafka wvq jeä ùula isÿ jqj
o foúhkaf.a msysg ,nd.ekSfï wruqKska fndfyda Ydka;sl¾u isÿ lrk ,o w;r tys
uQ,sl wruqK jkafka foú - foaj;djkag mqofi;a ,nd § msysg ,nd .ekSu hs' fï ksid
Ydka;s l¾u wdrïNfha § Ydka;sl¾u rx. N+ñh bÈßmiska u,a hykla b¢fldg tu
hykg foúhkag jäk f,i wdrdOkd iajrEmfhka .dhkd lrkq ,nk ldjH úfYaIh
u,a hyka lú hkqfjka ye¢kafjhs' fïjd Wvrg" my;rg" inr.uq hk ;sú% O iïm%odhhkays
fhdod .efka' m%dfoaYh
S úúO;ajh wkqj mqo ,nk foúhka uq,a fldg fïjd bÈßm;a lrhs'
iïm%odhhka wkqj fuu .dhkdj, kdoud,djkaf.a fjkila ±lsh yels h'

Wod ( ñyska;,h wgiegf,k '''''''''''''''''''''''''''

mqgqj iri,hs''''''''''''''''''''''''''

;,u, lú .dhkdj, iudÔh yd ixialD;sl miqìu

.%dóh mßirfha iajNdj fi!kao¾hh úoydmdk ;, .i §¾> ld,hlg miq tu

.fia wdhqld,h wjika jk fudfyd;l ;,u, msfmk nj .eñ ck iudch ;=< mj;sk
úYajdih hs'

tjka mßirhl iqkaor;ajh úoydmdk ;,uf,ys iajNdjh" j¾Kh" m%udKh

jeks iqúfYaI ,laIK .eñ ck;dj wjÈ lrùug fya;= fõ' tfia jqj o ;,u, msì§u
.ug wiqN ixfla;hla nj .eñ ck iudcfha úYajdih hs'

tfia fyhska tod .eñhd ;,u, lmd .fuka bj;g f.khdu i|yd thg f.!rj
olajñka ysi u; ;nd f.k fyda we;= msg ;ndf.k fyda /f.k .sh nj lú .dhkdj,ska
u;=lr oelafjhs'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 34

 ;,u, jreK lú .dhkh

fodx ðx ðx ;lg fodx;l ^3 + 4&

1' f,< foñfka u, Wvq .=jfka

uq;= l=v f,isfka iq<Õg jekqfKa
fid| f,isfka ñKs nrK f,fia
wE;g fmkqfKa rka fld; f,isfka
wm f.disfka u, ±l fk;sfka
is; msßh jqfKa ksu ke;s f,isfka
fuu f,isfka ;, u, msmqfKa
ils msh ilsfka fid| ., uqÿfka

2' hkag fid|hs YS% uy fnda wkqr mqf¾

f.dka ne¢ ßhlska hd yel wkqr mqf¾
fyd|g fyd|hs ;,u, we;s nrg nf¾
we;=msg jvjuq ;,u, ùÈ lf¾

l=¨ lú .dhkd

1' <ud ,sfhda .jid u,a jr, msg

oud lrg uq;= fmdg w; j<¨ jg
fmud jvk f,i irid Tiß mg
mud fkdj rÕ;s l=¨ f.k ifí msg

2' rka .sß uqÿfka ysre nn<kafka

j,a,s <÷ka yKs yKslg tkafka
wõj o jeiai o lshd n,kafka
l=,a, wrka wms kegqug tkafka

3' fudk ,S m;=frka l=,a, úhkafka

ng,S m;=frka l=,a, úhkafka
fudk ,S m;=frka l=,a, n¢kafka
ng,S m;=frka l=,a, n¢kafka

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 35

 ;d,ï lú .dhkh

1' wf.a jvk uf. ;d,ï irU n,kafka

jf.a fkd ±k wehs kqU,d lSug tkafka
lf.a .s,a, f,i neß fjhs kqUg fnd,kafka
uf.a oE; ;d,ïmg yrU n,kafka

2' i|jg ;reje,a weúÈka l, t<s ioafoa

uo fldg mjiñ weúÈka merÿK ioafoa
hqohg jij;= weúÈka merÿKq hqoafoa
n|jg lefrflk uf. ;d,ïmg ioafoa

3' wyfia ;d,ï ;dx.= ;d,ï

i| jg lerlS hhs ;d,ï
fmdf<dfõ ;d,ï ;dx.= ;d,ï
je,shg lerlS hhs ;d,ï
uqyqfoa ;d,ï ;dx.= ;d,ï
/,s msg ieÕù hhs ;d,ï
wmf.a ;d,ï ;dx.= ;d,ï
n|jg lerlS hhs ;d,ï

u,a hyka lú .dhkh

1' ñyska;,h wg ieg f,k fia, ffp;H fjfyrg

wU;,dj ñßi jeáh Nhd .sßh kï fjfyrg
ch .%S uy rejkaje,sh :Qmdrduh fjfyrg
wguia:dkfha isáh;a jäkak foú u,a hykg

2' mqgqj iri,hs uu ie, lrkafka

mqgqfõ ;sfhk o¿ nq,;=hs mqokafkA
legqj isõjrx iu.ska n,kafka
Y%shd foaú u,a wiafkg jäkafka

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 36

 5 mßÉfþoh

5'0 YS% ,dxflah k¾;k iïm%odhhka yd ine¢ ft;sydisl yd ixialD;sl

miqìu

k¾;k iïm%odhhka yd ine¢ idrO¾u

w;S;fha § k¾;k wOHdmkfha ;lai,dj .=ref.or jQ w;r tys § Ys,am Ydia;%h

yodrk YsIHhd ^wdOqkslhd& .=rejrhdf.a wkq±kqu we;s j ckaum;%h n,d iqÿiq fydardjlg
wkqj foudmsh wjirfhka l,t<s neiSug iqÿiqlï ,nhs' Wvrg" my;rg" inr.uq hk
iïm%odh ;=k ;=< tk pdß;% iq¿ jYfhka fjkialï mj;sk w;r l,t<s wjia:d fufia
kdñl j y÷kajd fokq ,efí'

• Wvrg iïm%odhh - ysi fjia ne£fï ux.,Hh

^YS¾IdNrK me,|ùfï ux.,Hh&
• my;rg iïm%odhh - uvq neiSfï ux.,Hh
• inr.uq iïm%odhh - .=re jrï §fï ux.,Hh jYfhks'

Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odhfha ysi fjia me,|ùfï ux.,Hh

.=ref.or wOHdmkh ksu lrk wdOqkslhd ;u ckau m;%hg wkqj kshu lr.;a
Èkg f;uila l,ska ls,sj,ska wdrlaId ù Wfoa iji iakdkh lr msßisÿ ù wd.ñl
j;dj;aj, fh§u isß;ls' tu jljkqj ;=< .=rejrhd wdOqkslhd fj; Ys,amh ,nd§u
isÿ flf¾' kele;a Èkg wdikak Èk 7la wdOqkslhd úydria:dkfha wd.ñl j;dj;aj,
fh§ iji wod< foú foaj;djkag myka me,la ilid myka o,ajd wdYS¾jdo ,nd .kS'
kele;a Èkg m%:u Èk rd;S% yÕ< we;=¿ rx. jia;%dNrK fma lr" fndaê mQcdjg iyNd.s
fõ' kele;a Èk WoEik .=rejrhd w;ska meka fodjd .;a wdOqkslhd úydr f.g f.dia
ysi fjia me,|ùu fi;a msß;a .dhkh ueo isÿ flf¾' bka miq iqÿ frÈlfvka wdjrKh
lr úydrf.ka msg;g meñK wod< pdß;% isÿ lr fnda rel fyda u,a nq,;a;gqj fyda foi
n,d jyka;rdj újD; lr m,;=re mQcdjla ms<s.kajd .=re md keueo ux.,ï k¾;kfhka
rx.kh wdrïN lr" Ys,amSh l=i,;d m%o¾Ykh lrhs' tys§ YsIHhdg ;E.sfnda. msßkeóu
pdß;%hls'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 37

 uvq neiSu fyj;a l,t<s neiSfï ux.,Hh

my;rg k¾;k Ys,amh m%.=K l< wdOqkslhl= ish yelshdjka wka wh bÈßfha
m%o¾Ykh lrk iqúfYaI wjia:dj uvq neiSu fyj;a l,t<s neiSu kñka ye¢kafõ' uvq
neiSfï pdß;%h i|yd uvq hd.hla fhdod .kakd w;r l,t<s neiSu i|yd hla f;dú,hla
fhdod.ekSu mj;akd isß;ls'
uvq neiSfï§ fohdldrh; pdß;% úê olakg ,efí' wdOqkslhd lmq m;a;sks
flfkla kï uvq neiSfï§ y,x jevujd m;a;sks keàu l< hq;= w;r wjfYaI wdOqksl
Ys,amsfhla kï jdy, keàu l< hq;= h' fuu uQ,sl pdß;% úê ksu lsÍfuka miq uvq
hd.fha wfkl=;a k¾;k wjia:d i|yd wdOqkslhkag iyNd.s úh yels h' tfuka u
ud,lalï" nUr j<,a, jeks iqúfYaI olaI;d oelaùu o fuys§ isÿ flf¾'
l,t<s neiSfï § fndfydaúg hla f;dú,hla fhdod.kakd neúka ikakshl=u
we;=¿ wfkl=;a hla f;dú,aj,g wh;a k¾;k wjia:d wdOqkslhd úiska m%.=K l< hq;=
h' ish¨ u k¾;k Ys,amSka iyNd.s jk yekaoE iuhu keue;s k¾;k wjia:dfõ §
wdOqkslhdg ish olaI;d oelaùug wjia:dj ,efí' ta wkqj yekaoE iuhug wh;a
k¾;kj,g wu;r j ud,lalï" nUr j<,a, jeks iqúfYaI olaI;d o fuys § bÈßm;a
lrhs'
Wvrg yd inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odhhkays fuka iqúfYaI pdß;% úê my;rg
k¾;k iïm%odhfha § olakg ke;' tfy;a wdOqkslhd k¾;khg msúfik wjia:dfõ §
muKla ;u .=rejrhdg .=re m`vqre yd ;E.s fnda. m%odkh lsÍu isß;la j mj;sk nj lsj
hq;= h'

inr.uq .=re jrï §fï ux.,Hh

.=re f.or wOHdmkh ksud lrk wdOqkslhd Ys,amSh m%ùk;djhg m;a jQ úg Tyq
.=re jrï §u iqÿiq hehs .=rejrhd ;SrKh lrhs' Ys,m
a {dKh ,enQ mrïmrdjg wdfõKslj
mj;ajk Ydka;s l¾uhl § .=re jrï ,nd§u iQodkï lsÍu isß;ls' tkï uvq Ydka;s l¾u
.=re mrïmrdjlg wh;a kï myka uvqfõ o" hla f;dú,a isÿ lrk mrïmrdjla kï hla
f;dú,hl § o" n,s Ydka;s l¾u isÿ lrk mrïmrdjla kï n,s Ydka;sl¾uhl § o wdÈ
jYfhks'

fuys § .=rejrhd wdOqksl Ys,amshdf.a foudmshka ±kqj;a lrhs' wk;=rej Ydka;s

l¾uh mj;ajk ujla ta i|yd iQodkï ùug uÕfmkajhs' fuys § uvqj mj;ajkq
,nkafka wdOqkslhdf.a Ys,amSh m%d.=KH m%o¾Ykh l< yels whqßks'

uvqj mj;ajk Èk iji iqN kel;g wkqj yÕ, yd fk;a;u s d,h ^ysia m<|kdj&
m<|jkq ,efí' wk;=re j mqjlau,a lsks;a;la w;g § .=rejrhd wdOqkslhddf.a ysiu;
w; ;nd .=re jrï § wdYS¾jdo lsÍu iïm%odhsl isß;hs'

wdOqkl
s hd jrï ,nk Ydka;s l¾ufha uQ,l s pdß;% isÿ lrkq ,nkafka wdOqkls hdf.a
uQ,sl;ajfhks' fuys § lú .dhkh" k¾;kh" ixjdo iy hla lú fuys ,d wka;¾.;
fõ' Ydka;s l¾uh wjidkfha .=rejrhd úiska wdOqkslhdg fi;a lrhs' wdOqkslhdf.a
foudmshka kE ys;=j;=ka Thqg wdYS¾jdo lrñka i;=g m%ldY lsÍug ;E.s fnda. o msßkeóu
isÿ lrhs'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 38

 Ydka;l
s ¾u

Ydka;sl¾u hkq lsishï mqoa.,hl=f.a udkisl fyda ldhsl fyda iqN isoaêh
wruqKq fldg foúhka" hlaIhka ke;fyd;a fjk;a n,fõ. ÿre lr Ydka;shla Wfoid
mj;ajk lsishï ld¾h ixisoaêhls'

foaYSh k¾;k iïm%odh ;=kg wh;a Ydka;l

s ¾u

iïm%odh Ydka;sl¾uh
Wvrg k¾;k iïm%odhh fldfydUd lxldßh
my;rg k¾;k iïm%odhh fofjd,a uvq Ydka;sl¾uh
inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odhh myka uvqj Ydka;sl¾uh

Ydka;sl¾u meje;aùug fya;= jQ lreKq

Wvrg fldfydUd lxldßh Ydka;sl¾uh

>
>

>
w;S;fha meje;aùug fya;=j j¾;udkfha meje;aùug fya;=j
>

• m~qjia foõ rcqg jeÿKq Èúfodia • Ok" OdkH" .j" uysIdÈ Nj fNda.
ksid yg.;a frda. iqjm;a lsÍu iïm;a jeä ÈhqKq lr .ekSu
• mqo a.,h kag n,mE hï
frda.dndOhka iqj lr .ekSu
• .ulg" m%foaYhlg" uq¿ rgg u
meñK we;s jHikhlska ñ§ fi;a
Ydka;shla ,nd .ekSu
• wdOHdmksl wjYH;d ^wOHhk yd
m¾fhaIK i|yd&

my;rg fofjd,a uvq Ydka;sl¾uh

>
>

>

w;S;fha meje;aùug fya;=j j¾;udkfha meje;aùug fya;=j

>
>

• fiarudk rcqg we;s jQ ysiroh iqj • .ug rgg fi;a Ydka;shla me;Su
lsÍu • ëjrhkag jdrlka ld,fha §
/ljrKh yd Ydka;sh me;Su
• iYS%l;ajh Wfoid
• frda. ksjdrK fi;a Ydka;h
s la f,i
• wOHdmksl wjYH;d ^wOHhkh
yd m¾fhaIK i|yd&
k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 39
 inr.uqj myka uvqj Ydka;sl¾uh

>
>

>
w;S;fha meje;aùug fya;=j j¾;udkfha meje;aùug fya;=j

>

>
• fiarudk rcqg we;s jQ ysiroh iqj • wïudjrekaf.a f,v f,i .eñhka
lsÍu y÷kajk frda.j,ska w;añ§u i|yd
wkjYH wdydrj,ska ñ§ m;a;sks
foaj;dúh fjkqfjka fmaù fi;a
Ydka;s lsÍu
• wdOHdmksl wjYH;d ^wOHhkh
yd m¾fhaIK i|yd&

Ydka;sl¾uj, mqo ,nk foújre

iïm%odh m%Odk Ydka;sl¾uh mqo ,nk foújre

Wvrg fldfydUdlxldßh fldfydUd foúfhda

w¨;a fldfydUd"
uy fldfydUd"
mrK fldfydUd hk
fldfydUd foú ;=ka
lÜgqj

my;rg fofjd,a uvqj m;a;sks foaj;dúh

fofjd,a foúfhda
±äuqKav foúfhda
fod<y foúfhda

inr.uq myka uvqj m;a;sks foaj;dúh

úIaKq foúfhda
iuka foúfhda
l;r.u foúfhda
úNSIK foúfhda
kd: foúfhda
fofjd,a foúfhda

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 40

 fldfydUd lxldßfha mqrdjD;a;h
úch rcq l=fõKsh irK mdjd f.k jdih lsÍfï § Tyqg Ôjy;a; iy Èid,d
kï ore fofokd WmÈ;s' blaì;s Tyq l=fõKsh m,jd yer uÿrdmqrfhka f.kajd .;a iu
l=, l=udßhl irK mdjd .kS' úch rcq flfrys fldamhg m;a l=fõKsh Tyqg Ydm l<d
h' úchf.a wejEfuka rc meñKs m~qjia foõ rcqg" l=fõKsh úiska úch rcqg lrk ,o
Ydmh jeÈKs'

isysfkka Èú fjila ±l ìhm;a jQ m~qjia foõ rcq n,j;a fia frda.d;=r úh'
fldfydUd lxldßfha Èú fodaIh kñka ye¢kafjkafka fuh hs' fuu Èú fodaIh ÿre
lsÍu i|yd fkdfhl=;a fi;a Ydka;s lrjk ,o kuq;a iqjhla fkd ,eìKs' wk;=re j
Yl% foafõkaøhdg fuh ie, lr isáfha h' Èúhl= isysfkka ±l ìh ùfuka yg.;a
frda.hla fyhska ujq l=fika Wmka flfkl=g ÿre l< fkdyels ksid uf,ka Wmka
flfkl= fidhd hd.h lrk f,i Wmfoia fok ,È'

fuu ld¾hh rdyq wiqf¾kaøhdg Ndr lrk ,§' rdyq wiqf¾kaøhd úIaKq foúhkaf.a
oi wj;drj,ska tlla jk Èfhka" .skafkka" wdhqOj,ska fyda yShlska fyda fkd kiakd
n, we;s W!re wj;drh ,nd fokafka kï ld¾hh Ndr .kakd nj lshd isáfha h'
wjirh ,enqKq rdyq wiqf¾kaøhd i;a uqyqfoka tf;r ù" u,h rgg f.dia rcqf.a kkaok
Whk úkdY lrkakg mgka .;s' Whk wdrlaId lrk Whka m,a,d isÿ j we;s úm; u,h
rcqg ±kaù h' rcq W!rd we,a,Su i|yd kqjr wKfnr ,jd jeÈ fiakdj /ia lr Whk jg
lf<a h' W!rd u,h rcqf.a kqjrg jeo ud<s.d ì| ÿjk úg u,h rcq" ls;aisre" i|,s÷
hk ;=kafok w;ska ÿkq yS f.k W!rd ¨yqne| ,laÈj meñKsfha h' i;a uqyqo mSkd .sh
W!rd ,laÈjg meñK yka;dk lkao wi, § .,la njg m;a úh' u,h rcq lvqfjka
fldgd úiauhg m;a jQ wjia:dfõ t;ekg meñKs ilafoõ rcq u,h rcq we;=¿ msßi fuys
f.kaùu msKsi fujeks udhdjla l< njla úia;r lf<a h' u,h rcq we;=¿ msßi m~qjia
foõ rcqf.a Èú fodia iqjm;a lsÍu msKsi wkqrdOmqrfha uyfujqkd Whfka kshñ; È.
m<, iys; uKavmhla lrjd Ydka;s l¾uh lsÍfuka wk;=re j Èú fodaIh iqjm;a úh'

fofjd,a uvqfõ mqrdjD;a;h

fiaruka rcqf.a Whk md¿lrñka isá f.dakl= urd ouk f,i rcq úiska wK
lrk ,Èka fyajdhska f.dakd miqmi mkakd hk wjia:dfõ f.dakdf.a mh meg,S wi,
;snqK rcqf.a fmdl=K ;=<g jeà urKhg m;a úh' ;udg úm;a lf<a rcq nj ±k.;a
f.dakd Tyq flfrys fldamfhka urKhg m;a ù fmdl=fKys u l=vd ueçhl= ù Wm§'
Èkla rcq fmdl=Kg hoa§ ,iaiK u,la ±l th lvd iqj| wd>%Kh l< iefKlska tys isá
l=vd ueçhd rcqf.a kdihg .sfha h' bka yg.;a ysirohla iqj lsÍug fkdyels j isáh
§ Èkla rcqg isysfkka rEu;a ldka;djla fmkqKd h h' ta nj mqfrdays;hkag ±kaù h'
Tjqka mejiqfõ isyskfhka fmkS we;af;a m;a;sks foaúh nj;a fn!oaOd.u ia:dms; rglg
f.dia mska meñKúh hq;= nj;a h' tys § ,xldj f;dard f.k le,Kshg f.dia nqÿka je|
foúhkag mska § rejkaje,af,a § fofjd,a uvqj wdrïN l W nj lshefõ'

* inr.uq myka uvqfõ mqrdjD;a; l;dj my;rg fofjd,a uvqfõ mqrdjD;a;

l;dj yd nef|a'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 41



  

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 k¾;k iïm%odh m%j¾Okhg odhl jQfjda

roa±,af,a fmdä uy;auhd uy;d

• inr.uq k¾;k Ys,amshl= f,i lghq;= l< roa±,af,a fmdä uy;a;hd Ys,amSh
{dkh ,enqfõ mshdf.ks' uq,a hq.fha fuu inr.uq k¾;kh iSud ù ;snqfKa
Ydka;sl¾uj, rÕ±laùug;a" úydria:dk wdYs%; j meje;s mskalï wdÈhg;a
muKs'

• 1947 j¾Ifha § inr.uq k¾;kh b.ekaùug inr.uq l,dh;khla wdrïN

l< fu;=udg 1959 j¾Ifha § Èlaje,a, uyd úoHd,hfha k¾;k .=rejrhl=
f,i m;aùula ,eìKs'

• 1964 § .srd.u .=re úoHd,hfha lÓldpd¾hjrhl= f,i fiajhg ne÷Kq

fu;=ud b.ekaùu i|yd kshñ; ld,hg iSud fkdù wu;r ld,h o fhdod
.ksñka inr.uq k¾;k iïm%odhh b.ekaùu i|yd .=re úoHd,hSh
lÓldpd¾hjrhl= jYfhka uy;a lemùulska lghq;= lf<a h'

• bka miq j 1977 - 1990 olajd fi!kao¾h wOHhk wdh;kfha lÓldpd¾hjrhl=

f,i lghq;= l< t;=ud isiqka tl;= lr .ksñka m%dix.sl j b.ekaùï
lghq;=j, ksr; úh' fï ksid jeä isiqka msßila k¾;k wOHdmkhg
m%úIag lrùug yels úh' inr.uq k¾;k úIhud,d ilia lsÍug uQ,l s ;ajhla
,nd ÿka fu;=ud ta ms<sn| jdo újdo mjd isÿ lf<a h'

• roa±,af,a fmdä uy;a;hd lÓldpd¾h ;=ud inr.uq k¾;khg;a" .dhkhg;a"

ojq,a jdokhg;a tl yd iudk olaI;djla ±lajQ l,d Ys,amsfhls' fu;=ud
k¾;k ks¾udKhg iqúfYaI olaI;djla ±laù h'

• mdi,g" .=re úoHd,hhg" úYajúoHd,hhg muKla t;=ud fiajh iSud lf<a

ke;' ,efnk ieu wjia:djl u myka uvq" .ïuvq Ydka;sl¾uj,;a
k¾;kfhka fhÈKs'

• roa±,af,a fmdä uy;a;hd kñka fuka u mrx.shd j;af;a fmdäuy;a;hd hk

kñka o fu;=ud ye¢kafjhs'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 45

 fÊ'B' fiaoruka uy;d

1908'09'23 Èk Wm; ,nd we;s fudyq m%ùK Wvrg k¾;k Ys,amsfhls' uykqjr
mQcdmsáh uy úoHd,hfhka uQ,sl wOHdmkh ,nd we;'

bf.k .kakd ,o Ys,m

a Ydia;%

mshd jQ udok isßfiak .=re;=udf.ka Wvrg k¾;kh" fnr jdokh" Ñ;% Ys,amh"
uQ¾;s Ys,amh" klaI;%h wdÈh;a mkai, wdY%hfhka isxy," md,s yd ixialD; NdIdj iy
ldjHlrKh;a W.;a fu;=ud olaI l,dlrefjls'

úfoaY ixpdr iy bÈßm;a lrk ,o k¾;k

- 1930 j¾Ifha § m%xYh n,d msg;a j .sh Tyq tys § i¾lia lKavdhulg ne£
k¾;khla bÈßm;a lr we;' c¾uksh" fn,aðhu" iaúÜi¾,ka;h" yxf.aßhdj"
b;d,sh iy tx.,ka;h jeks rgj, o ixpdrfha fhfoñka k¾;k bÈßm;a
lr we;'

- tx.,ka; ixpdrfha § rd.sks foaúh iuÕ rdOd ls%IaK k¾;kh iy kd.

k¾;kh bÈßm;a lsÍug fuka u wehf.a k¾;k jev igykaj, k¾;k
wx. yhla bÈßm;a lsÍug o wjia:dj ,eî we;' Tyq úiska ,shk ,o zziqkaor
hqfrdamhZZ kï lD;sfha rdjK kD;Hhla o bÈßm;a lr we;s nj i|yka
fjhs' ixpdrl kegqï lKavdhula ilia lr fma%laIlhka bÈßfha /Õ=ï
±laùu" i¾liaj, iy m%o¾Ykj, rx.khka bÈßm;a lsÍï wdÈ lghq;= o lr
we;'

wOHdmk lafIa;h
% Wfoid bgq lr we;s fiajh

-1941 cqks 01 Èk .=rejrhl= f,i uq,a u m;aùu ,nd .ksñka udj;.u uyd
úoHd,hfha Wvrg k¾;kh úIhhla f,i b.ekaùu'
- .srd.u" fmardfoKsh" fmd,af.d,a," óß.u" ksÜgUqj hk .=re wNHdi
úoHd,hj, kegqï iy ix.S; mÍlaIljrhl= f,i fiajh lsÍu'
- .srd.u .=re wNHdi úoHd,hfha kegqï yd ix.S; lÓldpd¾hjrhl= f,i
fiajh lsÍu'

rÑ; .%ka:

* isxy, kdgH l,dj - 1944

* kD;H Ñka;duKs - 1949
* Wvrg kegqï l,dj - 1962
* kD;H r;akdlrh - 1959

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 46

 * ,xldfõ hlaI hq.h fyj;a fldfydUd lxldß Wm; - 1955
* Y=N Ydka;s úê fkdfyd;a ,xldfõ n,s Wm; - 1964
* n,shd. úpdrh fkdfyd;a ,xldfõ n,s Wm; - 1967

- ks¾udKh lrk ,o uqød kdgH lD;s

* mKavl
q dNh
* f;a,m;a;
* úch l=fõKs

- l,d;aul lghq;= i|yd msysgqjk ,o ixúOdk

* ,xld uyck l,d uKav,h
* rdjK l,d ix.uh

tï'tÉ' f.dañia uy;d

my;rg k¾;k iïm%odhfha ud;r ffY,sfha k¾;k Ys,amshl= f,i f.dañia

uy;d ye¢kaúh yels h' rghl=u fyj;a ßoaÈ hd.h" iQkshï lems,a," uyfidfydka iuhx
jeks Ydka;sl¾u ms<sn| mq¿,a ±kqula t;=ud i;= j mej;s w;r" m%ùK Ydka;sl¾u weÿrl=
f,i m%isoaêhg m;a j we;'

k¾;k Ys,amshl= f,i f.dañia uy;d m%isoaêhg m;a jQfha my;rg iqúfYaI
k¾;k wx. lsym s hla ksid h' kd.lkHd" .sks isis," mkaoï md,sh jeks k¾;k wx. bka
lSmhls' flda,ï kdglfha tk kd. lkHd kegqu b;d u is;a .kakdiq¨ wdldrhg
ks¾udKh lrñka fõÈldjg WÑ; f,i rx. úkHdih lf<a f.dañia uy;d h' tfia u
.sks isis, kue;s k¾;k wx.h o fõÈldjg WÑ; f,i ilia fldg bÈßm;a lsÍfï
f.!rjh o f.dañia uy;dg ysñ úh hq;= h'

my;rg k¾;kh fõÈldjg WÑ; f,i ilia ù fkd;snqKq wjêhl tajd

l%uj;a j bÈßm;a lsÍu i|yd fu;=ud ord we;s W;aidyh w.h l< hq;= h'

f,dalfha rgj,a .Kkdjl u ;ukaf.a k¾;k yelshdjka m%o¾Ykh l< fu;=ud

wka;¾cd;sl jYfhka iïudkhg md;% jQfjls' fi!kao¾h wOHhk wdh;kfha ndysr
lÓldpd¾hjrhl= f,i jir .Kkdjla fiajh l< f.dañia uy;df.ka my;rg k¾;k
l,djg isÿ jQ fiajh fndfyda fokd w.h lr;s'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 47

 ld¾h m;s%ldj

j.=j weiqre lr .ksñka ysia;eka mqrjkak'

Ys,amSkaf.a kï wh;a iïm%odhh Ys,amSh olaI;d k¾;k l,djg ks¾udKh lrk

isÿ jQ fiajdj ,o l,d lD;s

fÊ'B' fiaoruka Wvrg ;d,

Ydia;%h

ojq,a jdokh

k¾;k
my;rg k¾;k lÓldpd¾hjrhl=
iïm%odhh yd m%Odk
mÍlaIljrhl=
f,i fiajh
lsÍu

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 48

 6 mßÉfþoh

6'0 úúO l,dx.j, fi!kao¾hd;aul jákdlï

l;r.u foajd, fmryer

l;r.u foajd, fmryer isxy," yskaÿ" uqia,sï" wdÈjdiSka wdÈ ish¨ ckhdf.a
wd.ñl fmryerla f,i ye¢kafõ'

wruqKq
- ne;su;=kaf.a wm, Wmøj ÿre lsÍu
- foajdYS¾jdoh ,eîu yd rgg fi;ame;Su
- j¾Idj yd iYS%l;ajh ,nd .ekSug
- iajdNdúl úm;aj,ska rg fírd .ekSu

fmryer meje;afjk ld,h

lma isgqùfuka osk 44la f.jqKq ;ek § t<fUk wudjl f.ù" mqr mE<úh Èkfha
mqi kel;ska l;r.u foajd,hfha fmryer wdrïN fõ' wei< udifha ux.,Hh
meje;afjk uq¿ ld,h ;=< u l;r.u foúhka ñksia f,djg meñK isgqjk ,o lfmys
jdih lrk njg úYajdihla mj;S' t ksid isgjk ,o lma mQcd jia;=jla f,i i,lkq
,efí'

l;r.u fmryer yd ne¢ pdß;%

l;r.u foajd,hfha idïm%odhsl jYfhka jd¾Isl j meje;afjk m%Odk ux.,H

W;aij ;=kls' wjqreÿ ux.,Hh" wei< W;aijh" b,a uy ux.,Hh jYfhks'

.sks mE.Su" ìu fmr<Su" lgq .eiSu wdÈ ÿIalr ld¾hhkays kshef<kafka foúhka
fjkqfjka ±ä Nla;sh m%ldY lsÍu i|yd h'

uÕ=,a fmryer meje;afjk Èkfhys § úfYaI lejqï" lsßn;a ilia lsÍu pdß;%hla
jYfhka isÿjkakls' fuu leú,s ilia lrkqfha foajd,hfha f;ajdlrejl= jk .ïmy
úodfka h' fmryer mgka .ekSfï § zzj; ne£uZZ kï pdß;%hla fõ' j; ne£u hkq
foajdNrK f.k hk we;= msg jia;% we;sÍu h'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 49

 .dhk yd jdok wjia:d

wei< mqrmif<diajl f.ù wjmE<úh ,nk Èkfha § zzfõ.j;a fmryerZZ kñka

ye¢kafjk úfYaI fmryerla meje;afõ' ÿjk fmryer hkq fuhg ;j;a kuls' fuu
fmryer uyd foajd,hfhka kslau j,a,s wïud foajd,hh fj; hhs' fuys § úfYaI
fyaúis jdokhla ±lsh yels j' ks,OdÍka bÈßfha meje;afjk fyaúis jdokfha § jdokh
lrkq ,nkafka tu wjia:djg muKla ieliqKq fnr mohls' fuu fnr moh kï lr
we;af;a zzùrmohZZ kñks'

fyaúis jdokh fuka u" oñ< fnrh kd.iajrï wdÈ NdKav jdokh lsÍu fuu
fmryef¾ ±lsh yels h' Bg wu;r j foaYSh jdoH NdKav o Ndú; flf¾'

foúhka jevu lsÍu isÿ lrkafka uyd foajd,hfhka ,nd.;a msß;a meka foajd,hh
mqrd biSfuka yd foajd,hh ;=< ;ekam;a lsÍfuka wk;=re j h' tys § zzyfrda yrdZZ
kdofhkq;a ;+¾h jdok" >Kagd yd iSkq kdofhkq;a wjg mßirh .s.=ï fohs'

fmryer t<sh lrk mkaoïlrejka o" iqj| Èh iy u,a biskakka o" ud¾.h mú;%
lsÍu msKsi ly Èhr biskakka o" iaf;da;% iy øúv .S;sld .dhkh lrkakka o" fmryer
fomiska .uka lrkq ±lsh yels h' fuys § isxy, yd øúv ck;djf.a tluq;=lu o
fmfka' fuys Èia jkafka rc fmryerl iajrEmhls' Bg fya;=j rc fmryerl we;=<;a
jQ ieu wxYhla u fuu foajd, fmryefrys wka;¾.; j ;sîu h'

k¾;k rx. jia;% yd ieris,s

fmryefrys jevulrjkq ,nk Y=oaO jia;=" hka;% yd foajrEm" jdikdfïÈh fj;

f.k hkqfha lmqrd, h' foajd,fha isg fïÈh f;la jQ ud¾.h r;= m,ila jeks
mdjdvhlska iy iqÿ úhklska ieriSu;a" Y=oaO jia;+ka f.k hk lmqrd, uqLjdvulska yd
;,mamdjlska ieriSu;a fï wjia:dfõ § ±l.; yels h' w,s we;=ka f.ka fuka u úÿ,s
nqnq¿j,ska yd ùÈ ieris,sj,ska fmryer w,xldr fjhs'

fmryef¾ bÈßfhka u isákafkda br y| ksrEmKh flfrk isxy, P;%" fiai;a

orkakka" yd Èid fldä orkafkda h' fm!rdKsl kshuhka wkqj ;u ;ukag kshñ;
fldä Tijd .; hq;af;a kskao.ï ,oaojqka úisks' B<Õg ks,fï we÷fuka ieriqKq
niakdhl ks,fï iy foajd,hfha f,alïjrhd ±lsh yels h' Tjqka fofokd fomi
lmqre iy myka w;e;s fyajd lrefjda fofofkla isá;s' foúhka jevu jk we;=msg
uqLjdvñka ieriqKq lmqrd, h' foúhkaf.a wdrlaIdjg fuka tfia .uka lrkqfha uy
foajd,hfhys fiajdj lrk m%Odk lmqrd, hs' we;= msgqmiska w;aje,a ne|.;a zzwd,;a;s
wïu,dZZ .uka lr;s'

Wvrg" my;rg yd inr.uq wdÈ idïm%odhsl k¾;k wx. fuka u l=¨" f.dhï"
rnka" ijrka" pdur" fõje,a" ;d,ï" ,S" lvq wdÈ úúO .eñ kegqï j,ska o isxy kegqu"

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 50

 ykquka;d kegqu" fudkr kegqu wdÈ ks¾udK kegqïj,ska fuu fmryer w,xldrj;a
fõ' øúv ixialD;sh yd ne¢ ldjä kegqu" flfydU l<h wdÈ kegqï fuu fmryefrys
iqúfYaI fõ'

idïm%odhsl fnr jdok we÷ï lÜg,h yd idïm%odhsl k¾;k we÷ï lÜg, o

Ndú; lrk w;r úúO wdldrhg ks¾udKh lrk ,o rx. jia;%dNrK o kegqï i|yd
Ndú; lrkq olakg ,efí'

.dhkh" jdokh yd k¾;kh i|yd ia;S%" mqreI fomsßi u iyNd.s fj;s'

l;r.u foajd, fmryer ^ld¾h m;s%ldj&

meje;aùug fya;= meje;afjk ld, iSudj

1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

fmryefrys olakg ,efnk k¾;k wx. fmryefrys olakg ,efnk jdok NdKav

1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
4' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 4' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
5' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 5' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

fmryer yd iïnkaO iqúfYaI mqoa., fmryer yd iïnkaO iqúfYaI pdß;% úê

kdu
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

fmryefrys olakg ,efnk ieris,s wx. Nla;sh oekùu i|yd lrk ld¾h
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
3' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 3' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

øúv ixialD;sh yd ne¢ k¾;k wx. øúv ixialD;sh yd ne¢ jdoH NdKav
1' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 1' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''
2' ''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' 2' '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 51

 fjk;a ixialD;sj,g wh;a k¾;k

lr.ï kegqu

bkaÈhdfõ .eñ kegqï w;ßka iqúfYaI jQ .eñ kegquls' ;ñ,akdvq m%dka;h uQ,sl
lr f.k fuys wdrïNh isÿ jQ w;r ;dkacdjQ¾ m%foaYfha wd.ñl mqo mQcd wjia:djkays
§ olakg ,efí'

mqo ,nk foújre

udß wïudka yd .x.d wïudka foújre

W;aij mj;ajk ld, iSudj

wf.daia;= udih ;=< bkaÈhdfõ yd ,xldfõ meje;afjk W;aijhls'

lr.ï kegqu yd ne¢ iqúfYaI ,laIK

iunr;dj ;nd .ksñka k¾;kh lsÍu fuys úfYaI;ajhls' ta i|yd l<hla ysi
u; ;nd f.k ir, p,k Ndú;hg .kshs' .eyekq msßñ fomlaIh u fï i|yd iyNd.s
ùu isÿ fõ' ;ks ;ks j yd hq., jYfhka k¾;kfha fhfo;s' f,dayj,ska fyda
ueáj,ska fyda ilia lrk ,o l<h úúO j¾Kfhka hq;a u,a j¾.j,ska irikq ,efí'

Wod ( r;=" iqÿ" ly u,a jeä jYfhka w,xldrh i|yd fhdod .efka'

l<h uqÿfka lvodisj,ska ilia lrk ,o .srjl= f.a wdlD;shla ±lsh yels h'
tu .srjd lerflk wdldrhg l<h ysi uqÿfka ;nd .efka'

iunr;dj mj;ajd .ekSu i|yd l<h we;=<g iy,a oukq ,efí' u,aj,ska
irik ,o l<fha ljdldr nj biau;= lsÍug nïnq ,Shla l<h ;=<g isria w;g oud th
jgd u,a je,aj,ska w,xldr lr k¾;kfha pu;aldr nj jeä lr .efka'

ix.S;h yd jdoH NdKav

fnr j¾. yd k<d j¾. ix.S;h i|yd fhdod .kakd w;r ffkhä fï,ï
ix.S;h fuys § iqúfYaI fõ' we;eï úg .dhkh i|yd .S; o fhdod .efka'

rx. jia;%dNrK

oñ< ,laIK fmkakqï lrk idßh fkdfyd;a È. idh" yeÜgh yd wdNrK

ldka;djka Ndú; lrk w;r msßñ foda;sh yd mQk kQ, Ndú; lsÍu olakg ,efí' r;="
ly" fld< j¾K jeä jYfhka fhdod .kq ,efí'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 52

 fjk;a ixialD;s yd ne¢ k¾;k wx.

ldjä$lr.ï rx. WmlrKhla ilia lr .ekSug Wmfoia

- k¾;kdx.hla ms<sn| j rx. WmlrKhla (CD ;eáhla fyda mska;+rhla

fyda keröfï § my; i|yka lreKq ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq lsÍu
jeo.;a h'&
- yev;,h
- rx. WmlrKh ilia lr we;s wuqøjH
- w,xldr lr .ekSug Ndú; lr we;s j¾K yd øjH ms<sn| j fyd¢ka
ksÍlaIKh lsÍu'
- ta wkqj rx. NdKavhla ks¾udKh lsÍu'

my; i|yka lreKq ms<sn| j ie,ls,su;a fjñka k¾;k wx.hla ks¾udKh lr

.ksuq'

- imhd .;a .dhkh yd jdoH LKav Y%jKh lr tys ;d,h ms<sn| is;kak'
- fuu k¾;kh i|yd fhdod .kakd p,k øúv wdNdihla f.k we;s nj
is;g .kak'
- rx. NdKavhla iunr lr .ksñka k¾;kh l< yels ir, p,k ks¾udKh
lr .kak'
- wjYH wjia:dj, § .=re Wmfoia ,nd .; yels h'
- ir, rgdj,g wkqj ksudjla we;s k¾;k wx.hla ks¾udKh lr .kak'
- ;ks ;ks j fyda lKavdhï jYfhka fyda k¾;k wx.h mka;s ldurh ;=<
m%o¾Ykh lrkak'
- fuu k¾;k wx.h mqyqKqùfuka Tnf.a isref¾ iunr;dj" bjiSfï
.=Kh" ord .ekSfï yelshdj hkd § .=Kdx. j¾Okh lr .ekSug yels h'

rduidka W;aijh

rduidka W;aijh wrdìh" uef,aishdj" bkaÿkSishdj" bkaÈhdj" YS% ,xldj wdÈ

rgj, fjfik bia,dï ne;su;=kaf.a W;aijhls' uqia,sï wd.ñl kS;sh wkqj iEu
bia,dï Nla;slhl= úiska u wksjd¾hfhka u /lsh hq;= fkdaïì we,a,Su fyj;a Wmjdi
YS,h udihla mqrd wdrlaId lr wjika lrk Èkh rduidka W;aij Èkh hkqfjka
ye¢kafõ' fuu Wmjdi YS,h wdrïN ùug fya;= ù we;af;a bia,dï wd.ñlhkaf.a Y=oaO
jQ .%ka:h jk zw,a l+¾ wdkhZZ f,dj my, jQ ld,h isysm;a lsÍfï wNsm%dhh hs' ia;S%
mqreI fNaohlska f;dr j ieu bia,dï Nla;slhl= úiska u wksjd¾hfha u l< hq;= fulS
Wmjdih i|yd wjq' 07g wvq jhiaj, orejkag" YÍr Yla;sfhka ÿ¾j, frda.Skag yd
jhia.; jQjkag wjir fkd,efí'

WoEik ysre Wodj;a iuÕ m%:u hd{dfjka wdrïN lrk Wmjdih ysre nei .sh
miq ksud fldg wdydr ms<sfh< lrf.k ojfia tl u wdydr fõ, wkqNj lsÍu

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 53

 fudjqkaf.a isß;ls' Wmjdi ld,h wd.ñl lghq;= i|yd fjka jQ ld,hla neúka fï
udifha § b;d u Nla;sfhka yd lemùfuka wd.ñl lghq;= i|yd jeä wjOdkhla fhduq
lsÍug bia,dï Nla;slfhda fhduq fj;s'

w,a,dya foúhkaf.a wdYS¾jdoh u; fï ld,fha ÿmam;a fmdfydi;a fNaohlska

f;dr j ;uka ms<sfh< lr .kakd wdydr" Ok OdkH jia;= we֕ me<֕" fnod yod
.ekSfuka fndre lSu" u;ameka mdkh lsÍu jeks ÿYapß;j,ska ñ§fuka Wmjdi YS,h /
lSu fuys iqúfYaI ,laIKhls' tfuka u udkisl ixjr nj" ldhsl ixjr nj o we;s
fldg f.k hym;a Ôú;hla .; lsÍu i|yd jirlg jrla fhduq jk fï Wmjdi ld,h
^fkdaïì we,a,Su& cqks udifha fmda Èk i| ne,Sfuka miq j h<s cQ,s udifha fmda Èk i|
ne,Sfuka wjika fõ'

fkdaïì wjika jQ miq isxy, w¨;a wjqreÿ pdß;% fuka keoE ys;j;=kf
a .a ksfjiaj,g
hdu o isÿ lrkq ,efí' fï wkqj bia,dï ne;su;=kaf.a iuÕsh j¾Okh ùu;a" wd.ñl
jYfhka" cd;sl jYfhka tla ù ÈhqKqj i|yd;a zzrduidka W;aijhZZ foúhka jykafiaf.ka
Tjqkg ,enqK ienE wdo¾Yhla f,i i,l;s'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 54

 7 mßÉfþoh

7'0 w;a±lSï weiqre lr.ksñka m%dix.sl l,dx. ks¾udKh

.S;hl iqúfYaI;d

wo fjiaika;r rdc mq;d '''''''''''''''''''''''''' .S;h

fjila lel=¿ w;= w. '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' .S;h

wvx.= CD mghla$.=rejrhd úiska fyda isiqjl= úiska fyda lrk ,o .dhkhg

ijka §u'

wo fjiaika;r rdc mq;d .S;h

mo rpkh ( kS;s{ fcdaka o is,ajd iQÍyq

.S; .dhkh ( fcdaka o is,ajd kdgH lKavdhu

fuh kQ¾;s .S;hls' fjiaika;r yd ukaøS foaúhf.a újdyh f;aud lr.;a .S;hls'

fuu .S;h we;=<;a ù we;af;a fjiaika;r cd;l l:dj weiqfrka kS;s{ fcdaka
o is,ajd iQÍka úiska rpkd lrk ,o fjiaika;r kQ¾;s kdgHfha h'

fjila lel=¿ .S;h

mo rpkh ( u¾i,Ska chfldä msh;=ud

ix.S; ks¾udKh ( ;kq ks¾udKh - iqks,a idka; uy;d
ix.S; ks¾udKh - î'weia' fmf¾rd uy;d
.S; .dhkh ( bkaødKs úfÊnKavdr uy;añh

ir, mo rpkfhka fuka u .S ;kq ir, núka o hq;a fï .S;h we;=<;a jkafka
Ñ;%mg ix.S;fha ikaêia:dkhla f,i ie,flk 1956 ksIamdokh jQ zf¾LdjZ kï
Ñ;%máfha h'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 55

 .S;hg wkqj k¾;k ks¾udK i|yd Wmfoia

• ±ka Tn leue;s mßÈ fï .S; foflka tlla f;dard .kak'

• lKavdhïj,g fn§ fyda ;ks ;ks j u fyda f;dard .;a .S;hg p,k
ks¾udKh lrkak'

tys § my; i|yka Wmfoia wkq.ukh lrñka k¾;kh ks¾udKh lr.kak'

• .S;fha woyig wkqj fyda Tn leu;s wdldrhg fyda p,k ks¾udKh
lr.kak'
• ix.S; LKav i|yd o iqÿiq p,k fhdod .ksñka k¾;kh w,xldr lr.kak'
• .S;fha woyig wkqj p,k fhdod .ekSfï § uqyqfKa bßhjq flfrys o
wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
• p,k ks¾udKh lsÍfï § mdi,g .e<fmk wdldrhg p,k ilia lr
.ekSug ie,ls,su;a jkak'
• wjldY Ndú;fha § Èid" ;," rgd ms<sn| wjOdkh fhduq lrkak'
• wjYH wjia:dj, § .=rejrhdf.a iyfhda.h ,nd .ekSug yels h'
• lKavdhïj, § wka whf.a woyiaj,g o .re lrñka iduQysl j k¾;kfha
fhfokak'
• lKavdhï wkqj fyda ;ks ;ks j Tnf.a ks¾udK bÈßm;a lrkak'

ld¾h m;s%ld

1' fuu .S; Y%jKh lsÍfï § Tn is;g ±kqKq woyia folla ,shkak'
1'
2'

2' ojg .yuqÿfka isg y~k mlaIh

s d kï lr mlaIh
s l=f.a p,khka bÈßm;a lrkak'

3' tu mlaIshdf.a kdoh wemg wefikafka '''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''''' ld,fha § h'

4' .S;hg wkqj zzf,dj u wjÈ fjñka wuq;= mKla ,nkafkaZZ l=uk fya;=
ksid o@
1'
2'
3'

5' fjiaika;r kQ¾;s kdgHh rpkd lrk ,oafoa l=uk cd;sl l:dj weiqre lr
.ksñka o@

6' hd lrkak'
1' fjila lel=¿ .S; .dhkh u¾i,Ska chfldä msh;=ud
2' fjiaika;r kdgH bkaødKs úfÊnKavdr uy;añh
3' .S; rplfhls fjiaika;r l=ure ukaøs l=uß
4' pß; folls kS;s{ fcdaka o is,ajd uy;d

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 56

 .S;h - fjila lel=¿

fjila lel=¿ w;= w. b| kgk ú,dfia

bfrka yf|ka isß ú| ú| rÕk ú,dfia $$

msh,s i,d,d f¾Kq i,d,d iqj| Wrd isis,a iq<x yukafka

f,dj u wjÈ fjñka wuq;= mKla ,nkafka $$

ojg .fya .y uqÿfka fldyd w~kafka

lEr,d o kdo foñka .yg fldgkafka $$

áx áx ioafoa ta ueo we;af;a

.u jg lr l=re¨ .S; wefikafka
f,dj u wjÈ fjñka wuq;= mKla ,nkafka$$

lod j<¨ oE; Èf.a álsß ,shkafka

álsß álsß j<¨ y~ hs <má <÷kaf.a$$

.S; .hkafka .hd kgkafka

fld¨ fl,s fmdÈ .S .hñka kgkafka
f,dj u wjÈ fjñka wuq;= mKla ,nkafka $$

.S;h - wo fjiaika;r rdc mq;d

wo fjiaika;r rdc mq;d

ukaøS l=udß n£
foafjdamldf¾ fõjd iE§ fi;a
rgjeiaikaf.a ldf, fyd|d
ÿ¾NslaI hdh is£
ux.,af,a idrfjjd iE§fi;a
fndau mS%;s f>daId wefikakd fï isõ Èid
fi; w;am;a fõjd ukaøs l=ußyg ±ka
rdc iïm;a fkdñka foah rdcd W;=ï
l=urdf.a mskla uhs
jdikd fnda''''''''''' jdikd fnda

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 57

 ieris,s wx.hka ks¾udKh

• y;a wäfha Ndú; jk mshqï

• f.dma fld< fk¿ï u,
• f.dma fld< l=re,a,d

fïjd b;d myiqfjka ir, j ks¾udKh l< yels ks¾udK neúka my; i|yka
rEm igyka wdOdrlhla f,i Ndú; fldg ks¾udKh lrkak'

^1& ^2& ^3&

wjYH øjH (
f.dma fld<
fïrE úh<s fld< ^fmd,a fld<&
flfi,a fldg lene,a,la
brgq
msyshla
• 1 rEmfha ±lafjk wdldrhg f.dma fld< iy fmd,a fld< lmkak'
• lmd.;a f.dma fld< iy fmd,a fld< wxl ^2& rEmfha oelafjk mrsos os.
yer .kak'
• ta wkqj f.dma fld< iy fmd,a fld< wjYH m%udKhg lmd È. yßkak'
• f.dma fld<j,ska iy fmd,a fld<j,ska wjYH m%udKhg fld<
lmd .kak'
• flfi,a fldg lene,a,la ^w`.,a 5la Wig ilia lr .kak'&
• lmd .kakd ,o fld< wxl 3 rEmfha ±lafjk mßÈ flfi,a fldg
lene,af,a Wv uqyqKf;ys brgq ;=fvka r|jkak'

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 58

 wdYs%; .%ka: kdudj,sh

Wvrg kegqï l,dj - fiaoruka" fÊ'B'

weï'ã' .=Kfiak iy iud.u
fld<U 1979
k¾;khg w;aje,la - cd'w'wd'
YS% ,xld cd;sl mqia;ld,h 2000
k¾;kh 10 fYa%Ksh - u,a,jwdrÉÑ" iageka,s f.a%Ika
u,amsh<s 2000
my;rg kegqï - iõßia is,ajd" tia'tÉ'
tï'ã' .=Kfiak 1965
inr.uq kegqï l,dj - fla'B' iqis,r;ak
fikr;a m%ldYk 2006
isxy, k¾;k l,dj - Èidkdhl" uqÈhkafia
weia' f.dvf.a iy ifydaorfhda
1998

k¾;kh 7 fYa%Ksh - w;sf¾l lshùï fmd; 59