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Types of Quantitative Research

Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to understand phenomena. It uses methods like surveys, experiments, correlation, and comparison of groups to test hypotheses and relationships between variables in a systematic, empirical way. The goals are to discover patterns, test theories, and generalize results. Common approaches include descriptive research to quantify aspects of a topic, experimental manipulation of variables, correlational analysis of relationships, and causal-comparative studies of groups exposed to different conditions.

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13 views

Types of Quantitative Research

Quantitative research involves the collection and analysis of numerical data to understand phenomena. It uses methods like surveys, experiments, correlation, and comparison of groups to test hypotheses and relationships between variables in a systematic, empirical way. The goals are to discover patterns, test theories, and generalize results. Common approaches include descriptive research to quantify aspects of a topic, experimental manipulation of variables, correlational analysis of relationships, and causal-comparative studies of groups exposed to different conditions.

Uploaded by

Sherrie Johanna Amposta
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Quantitative Research

● Quantitative research is a systematic and empirical research method that deals with
the collection and interpretation of numerical data. It is used to understand and
describe phenomena by gathering quantifiable information, analyzing it statistically,
and drawing conclusions based on mathematical or statistical evidence.
● It is the collection and analysis of numerical data. It can be used to discover patterns
and averages, make predictions, test causal relationships, and generalize results to
larger populations.
● It is based on a deductive approach that emphasizes theory testing and is influenced
by empiricist and positivist philosophies. It is based on a deductive approach that
emphasizes theory testing and is influenced by empiricist and positivist philosophies.

5 TYPES OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1. SURVEY RESEARCH
● This quantitative method focuses on gathering information from a large group of
people by asking multiple survey questions. The questions are elicited and
gathered from a specific group of participants that fit into a specific criterion.
● It involves the use of structured questionnaires or surveys designed to gather
quantitative (numeric) data on specific variables or topics.
● Quantitative survey research is widely used in various fields, including social
sciences, market research, public health, and political science, among others. It
provides valuable numerical data that can inform decision-making, policy
development, and the understanding of social phenomena.

Approaches in Survey research:


● Cross-sectional
- Collects data from a single point in time
- Used to examine associations between variables
- Tests on a large population in a short period
● Longitudinal
- Tracks change over time
- Examines changes and growth over a prolonged period
- Tests a small population over a long period
2. DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH
● Descriptive research can be called quantitative because it gathers quantifiable
data to statistically analyze or measure a population sample.
● A research method that focuses on systematically collecting, analyzing, and
summarising numerical data to provide an accurate and detailed description of
a specific phenomenon or subject of interest.
● This type of research aims to answer "what," "who," "where," and "when"
questions by quantifying and measuring various aspects of the chosen topic.
Descriptive research can be either quantitative or qualitative. Quantitative descriptive
research uses numerical data and statistical analysis, while qualitative descriptive research
uses non-numeric data to provide a narrative description.

3. EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
● It creates procedures that allow the researchers to find a hypothesis and
systematically and scientifically study causal relationships among variables.
Experimental research is done in order to test hypotheses and advance
scientific knowledge in a field.
● Experimental quantitative research is a rigorous research approach that aims to
establish causal relationships between variables by systematically manipulating
one or more factors and observing their effects on dependent variables in a
controlled environment

● This approach aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships by testing


hypotheses and using statistical analysis to determine the impact of the
manipulated variables on the outcome.

4. CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
● Correlational research is a type of research design that seeks to understand the
relationship between two or more variables. Unlike experimental research, which
involves manipulating variables to establish causation, correlational research
examines whether changes in one variable are associated with changes in
another variable.
● It provides valuable insights into relationships between variables and is often a
starting point for further research to explore causal mechanisms or predictive
models.
3 types of Correlational Research
● Positive correlation - The variables are directly proportional (e.g. height and
weight both rise)
● Negative correlation -The variables are indirectly proportional (e.g. height rises
while weight reduces)
● Zero correlation - The variables are indirectly proportional and have no
relationship (Increase of height is not correlated to weight)

Different Methods of Correlational Research


● Naturalistic observation - a type of field research where a behavior or
phenomenon is observed in its natural environment; non-manipulated;
non-experimental; unobtrusively done)
● Secondary data (using secondary sources for data collection)
● Archival data (primary research, historical records, case studies)
● Surveys (using surveys and questionnaires: )
● Interpretations (correlation coefficient is calculated)
● Meta-analysis (analyzing multiple studies to explore the relationships between
variables across different contexts and populations)

Data Analysis Methods


● Correlation Coefficient - quantifies the strength and direction of the relationship
between two variables
● Scatterplots - graphical representation of the relationship between two
variables and the insights and strengths of the relationship between 2 variables.
● Regression Analysis - model the relationship between two or more variables to
predict the value of one variable from the value of other variables
● Factor Analysis - identify patterns
● Path Analysis - models the relationship between multiple variables and direct
and indirect effects.

5. CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE
● Causal-comparative research, also known as ex post facto research, means
that it is a type of quantitative research method used in the field of social
sciences, particularly in psychology, education, and sociology.
● This approach is designed to investigate the potential cause-and-effect
relationships between variables by comparing groups that have been exposed
to different conditions.
● Identifies potential cause-and-effect relationships by comparing groups or
conditions that have naturally experienced different independent variables.
While it cannot establish causation definitively, it can provide valuable insights
into associations between variables.

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