IEEE-32331

A state of the art review on the Internet of Things

(IoT)
History, Technology and fields of deployment

P. Suresh1J. Vijay Daniel2,Dr.V.Parthasarathy4 R.H. Aswathy3

1 2 4 1,2 3
Assistant Professor, PG Scholar, Professor, Department Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science,
of Information Technology RMD Engineering College, Chennai,
4
Department of Computer Science [email protected]
VelTechMultitechDrRangarajanDrSakunthala Engineering
College, Chennai, India
[email protected],[email protected] 2
[email protected]

Abstract—Internet and its applications have become an interactions would be between the “Things” as reported[1].One
integral part of today’s human lifestyle. It has become an of the major challenges in the IoT is bridging the gap between
essential tool in every aspect. Due to the tremendous demand and the physical world and the information world. A sensor does
necessity, researchers went beyond connecting just computers this process to a greater extent [2]. They serve as an interface
into the web. These researches led to the birth of a sensational between the users and the equipment’s. Sensors collect
gizmo, Internet of Things (IoT). Communication over the physical raw data from real time scenarios and convert them
internet has grown from user - user interaction to device - device into machine understandable format so that it would be easily
interactions these days. The IoT concepts were proposed years interchanged between various “Things”.
back but still it’s in the initial stage of commercial
deployment.Home automation industry and transportation Selecting the appropriate medium to perform this process is
industries are seeing rapid growth with IoT. Yet not many a challenging aspect in the IoT environment. Since most of the
articles have been published in this field of study. This paper process is done through the internet we must have an active
aims in structuring a state of the art review on IoT. The high speed internet connection. Many countries have gone
technology, history and applications have been discussed briefly beyond 4G in internet services and several countries have even
along with various statistics. achieved 7G (like South Korea). Carrying these much amount
of data and processes would probably encounter numerous
Keywords: Internet of Things, IoT, network protocols, web,
challenges like connectivity and security.
network security, internet engineering, smart solutions, automation
etc… In this paper we are going to analyse IoT’s history, various
medium of deployment of IoT, performance analysis and
I. INTRODUCTION applications of IoT. Since majority of IoT usage is through
In the near future it’s the computers that would dominate wireless medium we are going to analyse some of the top
the world by outperforming human computing capabilities. notched wireless platform i.e. RFID, Bluetooth and IEEE
From manufacturing of a ball pin to a space shuttle the 802.11 for our study. A detailed analysis of the same is
computers and the internetare playing a vital role. Controlling depicted. Observations have been done based on operational
electrical and electronic equipment’s (“Things”) remotely is a dependencies, routing, and security concerns. Environmental
well-known concept since the early 1990’s but is yet to be and health impacts are also discussed. The rest of the paper is
deployed across our societies with full throttle.The term things structured as below;
refer to everything around us from a small atom to a large ship.
Section II depicts a short history of IoT with a timeline.
The IoT environment would allow users to manage and
Section III narrates the various mediums in which IoT can be
optimize electronic and electrical equipment’s using the
employed. Section IV discusses the observations of the authors.
internet. It is speculated that in the near future majority of
Section V consolidates the various applications of IoT. Section
communication will be between the computers and other
VI lists out the challenges concerning IoT. The paper
electronic equipment’s that would be connected with each
concludes in Section VII envisioning the future tasks.
other and would exchange information among them thereby
lessening the human interactions. This would also make the II. . IOT: THE HISTORY AND TECHNOLOGY
number of “things” increase drastically than the number of
active users in the internet. We would also become the meagre Ever since the birth of the internet in 1989, connecting
generators and receivers of traffic in the internet as the most “Things” in the internet began widely. Trojan Room coffee pot

Veltech Multitech Dr.Rangarajan Dr.Sakunthala

Engineering College, Avadi, Chennai (Sponsors)

International Conference on Science, Engineering and Management Research (ICSEMR 2014)

978-1-4799-7613-3/14/$31.00 ©2014 IEEE
 IEEE-32331
is possibly the first application of this kind [3]. In 1990 John A. RFID
Romkey created the first Internet ‘device’[5], a toaster that Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a
could be turned on and off over the Internet.[6] WearCam was technology that uses radio frequencies to transmit data. This
invented in 1994 by Steve Mann. It had a near-real-time process is executed using RFID tags that would be deployed at
performance using a 64-processor system. Paul Saffo’s [7] the respective spots. These tags are of two kinds; active tags
gave the first brief description about sensors and their future are those with an internal power supply and passive tags are
course of action in 1997. In 1999 The Internet of Things term those without internal power supply.These tags communicate
was coined by Kevin Ashton, executive director of the Auto- to the RFID readers. A detailed note about RFID and its specs
IDCentre, MIT. They also invented a global RFID-based item could be found in previous literature [10].
identification system in the same year [8]. As a major leap in
commercialisingIoT, in 2000 electronics giant LG announced What this RFID technology could offer to IoT environment
its plans of revealing a smart refrigerator that would determine is of great potency. The miniature size of RFID tags would
itself whether or not the food items stored in it are replenished. enable its deployment in any area irrespective of the
In 2003 RFID was deployed at a massive level in US army in environmental condition. Fig 1 shows various RFID chips
their Savi program. The same year saw retail giant Walmart to ranging in different sizes. A benchmark innovation with RFID
deploy RFID in all its shops across the globe to a greater is the anti-collision protocols (Aloha based protocols or tree
extent. In 2005 main stream publications like The Guardian, based protocols) that are serving as a boon in avoiding
Scientific American and Boston Globe cited many articles vehicular accidents. Transport and logistics industries have
about IoT and its future course. In 2008 a group of companies seen tremendous growth and innovation with the introduction
launched the IPSO Alliance to promote the use of Internet of RFID technology. RFID works between 135 KHz and 5.875
Protocol (IP) in networks of "smart objects" and to enable the GHz frequency band as LF, HF, UHF and SHF.
Internet of Things. In 2008 the FCC approved the usage of the
“white space spectrum”. Finally the launch of IPv6 in 2011
triggered massive growth and interests in this field. Later IT
giants like Cisco, IBM, Ericson took a lot of educational and
commercial initiatives with IoT.
The IoT technology can be simply explained as a
connection between humans – computers – things. All the
equipment’s we use in our day to day life can be controlled and
monitored using the IoT. A majority of process is done with the
help of sensors in IoT. Sensors are deployed everywhere and
these sensors convert raw physical data into digital signals and
transmits them to its control centre [18]. By this way we can
monitor environmental changes remotely from any part of the
world via internet. This systems architecture would be based on
context of operations and processes in real-time scenarios. In
home automation every electrical switch box would be
connected with a smart phone (or sometimes a remote) so that Fig. 1. RFID chips ranging in various sizes and forms. (a) Miniature sized
it could be operated remotely. But such a scenario doesn’t need RFID chip, (b) RFID chip in a car keychain and (c) A rice sized RFID chip
a processor and a storage device installed in every switch box.
It just needs a sensor to capture signals and process it(mostly RFID would simplify many activities that we do in our day
switching ON/OFF). So this systems architecture varies to day life. Mobile cardiac telemetry monitoring platform [12],
depending on the context of its application. an innovative application of RFID in healthcare industry
provides 24*7 supports a patient by constantly monitoring
III. MEDIUM OF DEPLOYMENTS his/her heart beat and keeps the concerned medical attender
The IoT is a wide spread strategy and its presence is updated by sending regular updates.RFID transponders
required everywhere in the globe for full-fledged deployment. responds with remarkable speed of less than 100 milliseconds
So such a technology requires a widely accepted and an every time. Such tremendous applications and merits of RFID
effective medium of operation. Since the internet initially make it viable for usage in an IoT environment.
became widespread through wired communication, it could be
B. IEEE 802.11
argued that IoT can be implemented in wired communication
as well. But if we consider the reality wired communication The IEEE 802.11 widely known as “Wi-Fi” is a
cannot be accomplished everywhere. Wired network has its globally accepted wireless medium that is used to send/receive
own disadvantages considering the mobility issues and data, signals, commands and much more. It works in the
installation cost. An effective, low costand a simple alternative 2.4GHz – 60GHz frequency band. It supports data rates
for deploying IoT would be the wireless medium.We would ranging from 1Mb/s to 54Mb/s, but however speeds up to
now analyse some of the globally recognised and widespread 6.75Gb/s [20] have also been achieved. Wi-Fi is now a default
wireless mediums along with their merits & demeritswith amenity available in every modern smartphones, PDA’s,
regards to the IoT scenario. Tablets, laptops etc… This WLAN standard just requires a
transceiver (mostly a router or an antenna) that spans an
 IEEE-32331
operational range around it. Depending upon the capacity of D. ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4
the transceiver the range and speed of Wi-Fivaries. Based on ZigBeeis a specification for small, low power radios
the networking application several IEEE 802.11 standards based on IEEE 802.15.4 – 2003 WPAN standard. It can also be
(collectively known as Wi-Fi standards) have been proposed. regarded as a low power version of Wi-Fi. It operates in the
Simple and low cost installation/maintenance of Wi- unlicensed bands including 2.4GHz, 900MHz and 868MHz.
Fi devices have boosted their usage over the years. Nowadays This specification was accepted and endorsed for deployment
it’s common to see a Wi-Fi network in public places, schools, in 2004. Its low power enables a ZigBee device to send a data
colleges, hospitals etc… Such a scope for Wi-Fi would be an over a long distance passing through the intermediate devices
added advantage for the IoTwhich require its network thereby forming a mesh network.It has a secure network
widespread everywhere. Such a scenario is tedious to connection with very long battery power backup. In 2002 many
implement using traditional wired infrastructure. Wi-Fi devices small companies together formed the ZigBee alliance, a non-
could be implemented in any remote area irrespective of the profitable organization consisting of members from academic,
landscape and environmental constraints.IoT requires access to government and industrial streams. [19]. More about ZigBee
every “Thing” which means the number of “Things” increases and its specs could be found in [14-16].
day by day. This is a constraint with respect to wired mediums One of the major contrasting features about ZigBee is
or RFID as new equipment’s needs to be installed to add more that it’s cheaper than Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. This boosts the
devices. However in a Wi-Fi scenarioit’s simple to add more feasibility of its deployment for IoT applications. Industrial
devices without installing any new devices.This promising automation, health care, telecom, retail outlets etc… are seeing
feature of Wi-Fi makes it viable for deployment in IoT tremendous growth in ZigBee. It reduces operational expenses
scenarios. and improves QoS.It uses AES 128 bit encryption for security.
C. Barcode e QR Code This reliable and self-healing attributes of ZigBee is added
merit to the IoT stream. Due to its immense qualities many
Barcode is a symbol attached to every object that commercial home automation products use ZigBee technology.
could be read only by a barcode scanner. Barcodes are in use
since the early 1970’s and are now employed everywhere in E. Bluetooth
recognizing objects in most of the firms [11]. It became Bluetooth is a popular technology among mobile
globally famous after the automated checkout system phone users. It is an open wireless technology for PAN
implemented in various retail outlets. Barcodes can be operating at 2.4GHz ISM band [21]. Most recent assets in the
implemented simply. There are no technological difficulties in Bluetooth technology are the development of “Bluetooth low
implementing or using a Barcode. An updated 2D matrix energy (BLE)” and “Bluetooth smart” technology. It would be
representation of barcode is the QR Code. Various barcode legitimate to say that IoT is a reality today because of
types are shown in Fig 2. [17]Depicts more about barcodes and Bluetooth. The amount of wearable electronic devices (smart
their technical specs. watches, phones, earphones, glass and shoes that use
Bluetooth) that we use now would concrete the previous
statement. Ever since its inception in 1998, Bluetooth has seen
tremendous advancements in terms of technology. Mobile
phones used Bluetooth technology which was later followed by
Bluetooth mouse, keyboard, printer etc… now the Bluetooth
product shipments have crossed 2.5 billion this fiscal [21].
The seamless interconnectivity that Bluetooth offers is
imminent in the IoT stream. Since the Bluetooth contributed
the means for device to device communication and for PC’s,
Fig. 2. Clockwise: Linear barcode, stacked barcode, 2D barcode and cars, smartphones, tablets etc… Now the modern world is
composite codes seeing a mammoth hike with an inconceivable array of devices
connected with each other. Many researchers believe that
Any product that is tagged with a barcode could be Bluetooth would play a key role in the trillion dollar IoT
identified using a barcode reader. A mobile phone camera can market in the coming years [21].
identify the details of a product using a QR Code. This would
enable global identification of “Things” and would additionally
hold the specs about that “Thing”. It might be a similar
technology as the RFID but differs in size. Barcode would be
like a sticker that can be pasted in any product however RFID
is a chip that holds information about that “Thing”. Cost and
installation of a barcode is cheap compared with RFID. A
barcode scenario would enable deployment of IoT simpler.
While we surf the internet we might click hyperlinked words to
know more about them. The same principal was made possible
in the physical world using QR Codes.
Fig. 3. Bluetooth wearable devices: (clockwise) smart watch, headset, smart
shoe and smart glass
 IEEE-32331
IV. OBSERVATIONS Considering all the above mentioned technologies
Looking at the vast IoT’s turf it is evident that this with respect to IoT stream would be hectic. Using an
technology has a mammoth scope in the coming years. As far appropriate technology at the apt places with
as the previous section is concerned, choosing the right enhancedperformance is the main challenge in front of IoT
medium for this technology is a major design researchers and industrialists. But among these technologies
consideration.Every technology depicted in the previous Wi-Fi looks to be a better option for the deployment of IoT.
chapter is unique and have their own advantages in the IoT Edgar Figueroa, CEO of Wi-Fi alliance [13] depicts the scope
stream. At the same time a single technology cannot be of Wi-Fi in the IoT design. Moreover Wi-Fi is present in
engaged in every area of IoT.Based on the research analysis we majority of placesin the world. With the deployment of
did on various mediums of IoT deployment, we have observed MANET’s and VANET’s, taking Wi-Fi everywhere is a
several key aspects that could be a concern for IoT in the feasible aspect of technology. There are numerous design
respective mediums. They are consolidated below; considerations in Wi-Fi but still the authors prefer Wi-Fi as a
base technology of deployment of IoT. However at the same
RFID was our first consideration. One of the major time in remote places and abandoned land mass, RFID or
flaws we witnessed with RFID was the lack of global Barcodes/QR codes could be an option as well. Interoperability
standards. Many companies that provide RFID functions use between these technologies could help in bringing out an
their own standards and this could be inconvenient for users to efficient IoT mechanism in the future.
migrate from one RFID facility to anotherwhich is an unlikely
approach or strategy[10].RFID uses electromagnetic spectrum V. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS
which is more vulnerable to jamming. It could be disastrous for The previous section depicts the specification of
defence and health care industry. But otherwise RFID is various mediums of deployment for IoT. However the
economically feasible for operation in retail outlets, campus characteristics of these mediums needs to be analysed in order
environment etc… to fetch accurate results of these medium’s performance in
Wi-Fi uses the 2.4GHz unlicensed band spectrum. real-time operating scenarios. There are three techniques for
This frequency range is the most crowded range with other performance evaluation, which are analytical modelling,
devices (Bluetooth, cordless phones, microwave ovens simulation and measurement. Simulation had being chosen
etc…).The range of a Wi-Fi device is limited depending upon because it is the most suitable technique to get more details that
the environment (around 45m indoor and around 90m outdoor). can be incorporate and less assumption is required compared to
Additional repeaters and access points should be installed to analytical modelling. We perform simulated tests and analyse
fetch more range for a Wi-Fi device. Besides these issues their performance in terms of sending/receiving packets, speed,
simple installation and maintenance makes wi-fi a front runner accuracy and quality.
in IoT design. Majority of educational institutions, corporates, A. Barcode / QR code
public libraries and many other are wi-fi enabled nowadays.
Barcodes are read using barcode scannersor barcode
Security, reliability and inter-operability issues are also a
readers as shown in Fig .4.They are engineered to specific
concern over wi-fi [9].
requirement which can resist error up to a certain
Barcodes and QR codes are so appealing in today’s level.Henceforth they differ in performance irrespective of the
modern techno world. There is no doubt about same make. Some scanners scan at long range like shelf tags in
barcodes/QRcode scanningis more reliable than manual data a warehouse while some are made to scan extremely high
collection, yielding higher data rates at higher accuracy. Line density. In olden days barcodes were prone to interference due
of sight is another major concern inIoT.Barcode labels must be to light sources. Nowadays we use Laser, LED scanners and
clear and visible for scanning. QR codes and barcodes could camera based scanners.
take information to any place irrespective of environmental
conditions, provided there is a barcode scanner.But having a
barcode reader everywhere is a concern. QR code scanners are
now available with every smart phone. These technologies
could be a huge boost in enhancing IoT everywhere.
Zigbee and Bluetooth posts similar issues as IEEE
802.11 and RFID. A major flaw with Bluetooth is that a
piconet could only have upto 255 slave devices which means
not more than 255 devices can be connected with a single
Bluetooth device at a time [22]. This is a major setback
considering the number of devices with IoT in the future. On
the other hand Zigbee is very much scalable and it consumes
only less energy. A regrettable aspect about Zigbee is that an
unknown third party device could mimic a zigbee node and
collect details of transmission in it. This poses a serious
security issue in zigbee.
Fig. 4. various barcode scanners clockwise: Handheld barcode scanner,
Hands free barcode scanner and Stock barcode reader.
 IEEE-32331
Performance of these barcode readers mainly depends
on their scanning speed. Their performance deteriorates mainly
due to any variations or damages in the barcode. Dirt or any
other foreign particle present in the barcode would also cause
Line of Sight (LoS) issue thereby diminishing its performance.
The KarTrack ACI project was abandoned mainly due to this
reason.The MS – 9 high speed barcode scanners from
Microscan Systems, Inc is one of the fastest barcode scanners
in the world. It could process over 2000 scans per second.More
about performance analysis of barcode could be found in [23].
B. Wireless mediums: Wi-Fi, Bluetooth andZigBee
Wireless mediums are simple to simulate rather than going
for analytical modelling. Initially we consider 50 nodes for our
study and simulated real time operating scenarios of these
nodes in Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and ZigBee mediums respectively. Fig. 5. Packet loss vs Number of nodes
The parameters we consider for our study are Packet loss,
number of nodes and distance between nodes.We simulateda Figure 5shown above depicts the graphical
wireless scenariowith 50 nodes for Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11) representation of the variations in the percentage of packet loss
environment, 50 nodes for Bluetooth and 12 nodes for ZigBee. with respect to the number of nodes.
We simulate them using “Network Simulator – 2”.
The performances of these wireless mediums are
calculated using various parameters.A 100% accurate
performance analysis is not possible with these mediums. Due
to different operational conditions and dependencies wireless
networks are prone to packet loss issues, connectivity issues
etc… which might dent the performance. So our study
considers some of the basic parameters that would reveal
performance of these wireless networks during highly
congested scenarios. IoT would make thousands of nodes to
club into a same area which would obviously scale down the
performance.
Distance between the nodes would also be a cause of
concern. Wireless technology works only upto a certain Fig. 6. Distance vs Number of nodes
distance from its source node. This range depends on the type
of hardware used.Therefore the distance between nodes would Increase in the number of nodes would also result in
also be a concern that would arbitrate performance. Signal expanding the coverage area of a network, ie in case of a
strength of a Wi-Fi network would also be affected due to MANET more the number of active devices, more will be its
interference by other mediums or in some case due to security coverage area as each node would transmit and receive signals.
breach. Our considerations are 50 nodes for Wi-Fi and Fig 6 shows that Wi-Fi seems to perform better in this scenario.
Bluetooth and 12 nodes for ZigBee. However their
performance is projected for 100 nodes to generalise the
results.
Diminishing signal strength would obviously escalate
the chances for packet loss. Our analysis is mainly based on
packet loss, distance between nodes and the number of nodes.
We designed a wireless network in Network Simulator – 2.
Operating frequencies, bandwidth and other specs were set
according to their respective standards. Once we simulate this
scenario NS-2 would compile the network with interactions as
in real time environments. The variations in packet loss rate
and the number of nodes are plotted in Fig 5. Similarly Fig 6
and 7 depicts the variations in distance to the number of nodes Fig. 7. Distance vs Packet loss
and packet loss with the distance between nodes.
As the distance between each node increases obviously
chances for packet loss would increase. Fig 7 shown above
depicts the variations in packet loss with respect to distance
between nodes. Looking at the above graph ZigBee seems to
perform better than Wi-Fi and Bluetooth. The performance
 IEEE-32331
analysis not only depends on the above mentioned statistics. agricultural sector. Monitoring of conditions of patients inside
There are many other operational conditions such as hospitals and in old people's home is an asset in health care
interference, power backup, etc… that needs to be considered. industry.
D. Security & Emergencies
24*7 surveillance via CCTV cameras is a contrasting
VI. THE IOT FIELDS OF DEPLOYMENT
feature in securing premises. These cameras could be
With an estimate of over 50 billion devices to be monitored from anywhere in the world via internet. Perimeter
connected with the internet by 2020 [4], this field is likely to Access Control to restricted areas and detection of people in
have enormous amount of applications now and in the near non-authorized areas is a latest addition into its stream.Liquid
future. From monitoring a baby in incubator to supporting an detection in data centres, warehouses and sensitive building
age old senior citizen, IoT has a mammoth growth not just the grounds to prevent break downs and corrosion, Distributed
healthcare industry but in many other fields as well. With this measurement of radiation levels in nuclear power stations
kind of a rapid growth at forecast,this section will depict a brief surroundings to generate leakage alerts, Detection of gas levels
note about various applications of IoT in numerous domestic and leakages in industrial environments, surroundings of
and commercial streams. chemical factories and inside mines and much more…
A. Smart environment E. Logistics and Transport
A smart environment is what everyone likes to be in these Monitoring of vibrations, strokes, container openings and
days. Since we live in an automated society, a smart cold chain maintenance for insurance purposes is an innovative
environment would embody this trend by linking computers, application. Searching of individual items in big surfaces like
smartphones and internet into our everyday activity. IoT paves warehouses or harbours, Storage Incompatibility Detection,
way for a smart environment. In general Smart City refers to Fleet Tracking etc… are some of the few applications in
urbanisation and having world class infrastructure Logistics platform. The transport industry has seen tremendous
development. But in the context of IoT smart city refers to applications with IoT. GPS, V2V and V2I communication have
automating an entire city and managing everything via the transformed the transportation industry to a new level. Machine
internet.From controlling traffic signals to monitoring pollution to machine (M2M) technology is gaining momentum. If
levels various applications are on course. A smart city would vehicles communicate with each other, chances for accidents
see sensors playing a vital role in IoT deployment. A smart city and mishaps would be very low and it could be aboon in
would have some of the major automation systems that serve as developing smart transport facilities in future. Tracking public
a backbone in its economy. A few are; tracking vehicle parking transport system, knowing traffic and pedestrian densities,
arrangements, Monitoring seismic vibrations in buildings, identifying damages in roads, avoiding collisions, optimizing
tracking pollution levels and radiation levels of a city, travel route and many more abundant applications are feasible
managing traffic, disaster recovery, waste management, supply with IoT.
chain management and much more…
VII. CONCERNS OVER IOT
B. Domestic applications
Iot is a modern eras techno gimmick but the
Home automation industry is a best example for IoT challenges and issues concerning to IoT are enormous.
applications at domestic level. A user can control the usage of Numerous considerations are need to be done before
water from his homes water tank by having sensors linked to it. implementing IoT. We have consolidated these issues as shown
Toasting a bread on giving commands via a phone, turning ON below;
the air conditioner before reaching home to keep the room
cool, remotely operating all the electronic devices and A. Design Issues
electrical devices at home via a smart phone. Logging details Designing a simple computer network involves many
of room temperature, dust level, noise level, even oxygen level considerations from hardware components to the software
could help users to optimize living conditions. Monitoring versions incorporated for the same. So obviously designing an
carbon footprint by consolidating the electricity consumption, IoT system would post numerous design considerations. The
water consumption, biological wastages, and food wastages is first constraint is the medium of deployment. Sections III and
an astonishing aspect about home automation. IV depicts about various available mediums for deployment.
Using a single medium is not a likely scenario. So obviously
C. Industrial Applications we must go for a hybrid technology (combination of
Industrial automation on the other hand is remarkably technologies). But interoperability issues within a single
developing with the induction of IoT. Smart Grid monitors medium and with different mediums are a huge challenge in
energy consumption monitoring and management. Supply front of IoT researchers. For example, if we consider an Apple
Chain Control monitors of storage conditions along the supply I Phone, it is designed in such a way that it could transmit
chain and product tracking for traceability purposes.Rotation of data’s via Bluetooth only to another Apple I Phone or any other
products in shelves and warehouses could be controlled by Apple device. These kinds of design issues would dent the
smart product management system. Monitoring of ozone levels progress of IoT.
during the drying meat process in food factories is effective
with IoT. Selective irrigation in dry zones to reduce the water
resources required would enhance performance in the
 IEEE-32331
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currently. An average business man emits 131 grams of carbon 2014 © NXP Laboratories UK 2014.
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[17] TEC-IT Datenverarbeitung GmbH “TEC-IT Barcode Software Barcode
study also states that millions of KWh could be saved if we Overview” version 11, © 1998—2013.
properly manage E-waste. But these adverse effects of E- [18] Ross Yu, Thomas Watteyne “Reliable, Low Power Wireless Sensor
wastes posts a huge threat to global warming. Networks for the Internet of Things: Making Wireless Sensors as
Accessible as Web Servers”, white paper, LT 1213, © Linear
VIII. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK Technology Corporation 2013.
“Now we are able to collect data everywhere from our [19] http://www.zigbee.org
environment, infrastructures, businesses and even ourselves, [20] Sai Shankar N., Debashis Dash, Hassan El Madi, Guru
and this huge amount of information is generating a new Gopalakrishnan “WiGig and IEEE 802.11ad For Multi Gigabyte Per
Second WPAN and WLAN” submitted to Cornell University Library
ecosystem of business opportunities around its storage, analysis 2012 cited as
and accessibility” saidLibelium’s CEO Alicia Asín.IoT is a arXiv:1211.7356.
fascinating industry and would make life easy to live. But at [21] Simranjit Singh Chadha, Mandeep Singh, Suraj Kumar Pardeshi,
the same time many innovative technologies in the past have “Bluetooth Technology: Principle, Applications and Current
been proven disastrous in about 50-60 years later. Nuclear Status”IJCSC,Volume 4, Number 2, September 2013 pp.16-30 ISSN-
0973-7391.
energy is a best example for the same. But however providing
an adequate lifestyle enabled with modern technology is a must [22] https://www.bluetooth.org/en-us
in the current scenario. Technological advancements would be [23] Bar Code Verification Best Practice work team (May 2010). "GS1
DataMatrix: An introduction and technical overview of the most
contrasting but their long term impacts needs to be analysed advanced GS1 Application Identifiers compliant symbology". Global
before its deployment. The authors hope that this article would Standards 1 1.17: 34–36.
have given a clear picture about IoT and its technological specs
in detail. We hope more researches would pour into the IoT ABOUT THE AUTHORS
stream in the future. MrSuresh.P is an Assistant Professor in Department of
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Information Technology at VeltechMultitech Engineering
College, Chennai. He received his masters in Computer
The authors would like to acknowledge Col. Prof. Science from VeltechMultitech Engineering College in 2010.
DrVelShriRangarajan, Chairman of Veltech group of He received his Bachelors in Information Technology at
institutions for his constant support in scripting this article.We VeltechEngineering College in 2005. His subject of interests
would also like to thank our fellow faculty members and
include Network Management and Network Security.
students for their support and well wishes.
 IEEE-32331
MrsAswathy. R.H. is Assistant Professor in Department of Science from Narayana Guru College Of Engineering in
Computer Science and Engineering at RMD Engineering 2009.Her area of interests include Computer Networks and
College,Chennai.She received her Master’s in Computer Software Engineering.
Science from Karpagavinayaga College of Engineering and
Technology in 2012.She received her Bachelors in Computer
MrVijay Daniel was born in Chennai
on 1989. He is currently a PG Scholar
at VeltechMultitech Engineering
College, Chennai. He is pursuing his
Masters in “Network Engineering”. He
received his Bachelor’s in “Electronics
and Communication” from SMK
Fomra Institute of Tech, Chennai in
2011. His research interests include Internet of Things,
Network Security, WSN, MANET etc. He has published
several research journals in Wireless Sensor Networks.

DrParthasarathy is a professor in
Department of Computer Science at
VeltechMultitech Engineering
College, Chennai. He graduated for
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
from Government College of
Technology, Coimbatore, Master’s
degree for Computer Science and
Engineering from College of Engineering Guindy, Chennai
and received his doctorate for Information and
Communication Engineering from Anna University Chennai.
His research interest includes Networks, Sensor Networks
and Optical Networks. He has published many papers in
National and International Conferences and Journals.