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MODEL & DISCUSS

Joshua is going kayaking with a group during one of his vacation days.
Solving Linear In his vacation planning, he budgeted ​$50​for a kayak rental.
Equations
KAYAK RENTALS
Rental Rates
Per hour
single kayak $15
I CAN… create and solve single sea kayak $18
linear equations with one
double kayak $25
variable.

A. How can Joshua determine the number of hours he can rent a kayak
for himself? Describe two different options.
B. Joshua found out that there is a ​$25​nonrefundable equipment fee in
addition to the hourly rates. How does this requirement change the
mathematics of the situation?
C. Choose Efficient Methods How do the processes you used for parts A
and B differ? How are they the same?

How do you create equations and use them

ESSENTIAL QUESTION
to solve problems?

CONCEPTUAL
UNDERSTANDING EXAMPLE 1 Solve Linear Equations

How can you justify the steps needed to solve the equation _______
2(x + 4)
​​   ​ − 8 = 32​?
3
Steps Reasons
VOCABULARY
Remember, a variable is an 2(x + 4)
​​ _______
 ​ − 8 = 32​ original equation
unknown quantity, or a quantity 3
that can vary. An equation is a ​2(x + 4) − 24 = 96​ Multiplication Property of Equality
mathematical statement with ​2x + 8 − 24 = 96​ Distributive Property
two expressions set equal to each
other. A solution of an equation is ​2x = 112​ Addition Property of Equality
a value for the variable that makes
x = 56​
​ Division Property of Equality
the equation a true statement.
Because the Properties of Equality and the Distributive Property are applied,
each equation has the same solution as the one in the previous step. The
solution of ​​  _____
2(x + 4)
 ​ − 8 = 32​is ​x = 56​.
3
Check your solution.
2(56 + 4)
​ ​ ________
 ​ − 8 = 32​
3
2(60)
_____
​​   ​ − 8 = 32​
3
​40 − 8 = 32​
​32 = 32​ ✓

Try It! 1. Describe the steps of a solution of ​​ _____

2(x + 4)
 ​ − 8 = 32​that begins
3
with the application of the Addition Property of Equality.

LESSON 1-2 Solving Linear Equations 11

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 EXAMPLE 2 Solve Consecutive Integer Problems

The sum of three consecutive integers is 132. What are the three integers?
Write an equation to model the problem. Then solve.
Let ​x =​the first integer.
x + (x + 1) + (x + 2) = 132​
​
The three integers are consecutive, so
Combine ​3x + 3 = 132​ each is 1 greater than the previous.
like terms.
​3x + 3 − 3 = 132 − 3​
3x ​= ____
​​ ___ ​  129 ​
3 3
USE STRUCTURE x = 43​
​
How would the equation and The first integer is 43.
solution be different if you let x​ ​
be the middle number? The three integers whose sum is 132 are 43, 44, 45.

Try It! 2. The sum of three consecutive odd integers is 57. What are the
three integers?

APPLICATION EXAMPLE 3 Use Linear Equations to Solve Mixture Problems

A lab technician needs 25 liters (L) of a solution that is ​15%​acid for a certain
experiment, but she has only a solution that is ​10%​acid and a solution that
is ​30%​acid. How many liters of the 10% and the ​30%​solutions should she
mix to get what she needs?
Formulate Write an equation relating the number of liters of acid in each solution.
Represent the total number of liters of the ​10%​solution with a variable, ​x​.
Then the total number of liters of the ​30%​solution must be ​25 − x​.
25 L of ​15%​solution ​= x​L of ​10%​solution ​+ (25 − x)​L of ​30%​solution
(0.15)(25)​ ​=​ ​0.10x​ ​+​ ​0.30(25 − x)​
​

Compute =​ ​0.1x​ ​+​ ​7.5 − 0.3x​

3.75 ​
​3.75 − 7.5 = 0.1x − 0.3x + 7.5 − 7.5​ Subtract 7.5 from
−3.75 = −0.2x​
​ each side.

​3.75 = 0.2x​
3.75 ​ = ____
​​ ____ ​  0.2x ​​ Divide each side
0.2 0.2
by 0.2.
​18.75 = x​
Interpret Since x​ ​represents the number of liters of the ​10%​acid solution,
the lab technician should mix 18.75 liters of the ​10%​solution and ​
25 − x = 25 − 18.75​, or 6.25 liters of the ​30%​solution to make
25 liters of a ​15%​acid solution.

Try It! 3. If the lab technician needs 30 liters of a ​25%​acid solution,

how many liters of the ​10%​and the ​30%​acid solutions should
she mix to get what she needs?

12 TOPIC 1 Solving Equations and Inequalities

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 APPLICATION EXAMPLE 4 Use Linear Equations to Solve Problems

Four friends use an online coupon to get discounts on concert tickets.

They spent ​$108​for the four tickets. What was the price of one ticket
without the discount?

Your online order is complete.

Your order details are shown below

for your reference. C C C C
ORDER # 328
Sec B, Row 10, Seats 13-16 B B B B
B B
Quantity Price
Tickets 4 ?
D A A A D
Discount $15.00 4 3 $15.00

Order Total $108

STAGE

Step 1 Write an equation to represent the problem situation.

Let ​p​represent the original ticket price.
COMMON ERROR
4 ∙ original ticket price − $15 = $108​
​
Subtract 15 from the price of each
ticket, not from the total cost of 4(p − 15) = 108​
​
four undiscounted tickets.
Step 2 Solve the equation.
​4(p − 15) = 108​
4(p − 15)
​​ ________ ​  108
 ​ = ____  ​​
4 4
p − 15 = 27​
​
p − 15 + 15 = 27 + 15​
​
p = 42​
​
The ticket price without the discount was ​$42​.

Try It! 4. The same four friends buy tickets for two shows on
consecutive nights. They use a coupon for
​$5​off each ticket. They pay a total of ​$264​ for
8 tickets. Write and solve an equation to find
the original price of the tickets.

LESSON 1-2 Solving Linear Equations 13

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 APPLICATION EXAMPLE 5 Solve Work and Time Problems

LaTanya will walk her bike from her house to the bike shop, which
is 1.5 mi from her house, to get the bike fixed. If LaTanya is meeting
friends at her house in 90 minutes, how long can she be at the shop
and make it back to her house on time?

Bike
Shop

Home
Bike
at 10 mi/h
Walk Convert 90 minutes to
at 3 mi/h hours so the units of
time are all the same.
Step 1 Write an equation to represent the situation.
+​ Time at the shop ​+​
Time walking ​ Time biking ​=​ Total time
MAKE SENSE AND PERSEVERE
Look for relationships between ​1.5 miles ​ ​
________ 1.5 miles ​​ ​=​1.5 hours
+​ ​t​ ​+​ ​​ ________
3​miles
_____ ​ miles ​
10​ _____
the distance traveled and the hour hour
rate when you write the
equation. 1 hour ​ ​ 1 hour  ​​ ​=​1.5 hours
​1.5 miles × ​ _______ +​ ​t​ ​+​ ​1.5 miles × ​ ________
3 miles 10 miles

1.5 miles ​× 1 hour​ ​

​________ 1.5 miles ​× 1 hour​ ​=​1.5 hours
+​ ​t​ ​+​ ​​ ________
3 miles 10 miles

+​ ​t​ ​+​
0.5 hour ​ =​1.5 hours
0.15 hour ​

The equation ​0.5 + t + 0.15 = 1.5​represents the number of hours

at the bike shop.

Step 2 Solve for ​t​.

​0.5 + t + 0.15 = 1.5​

​t + 0.65 = 1.5​

​t = 0.85​
60 minutes
LaTanya can spend 0.85 h, or 0.85 hours ​× ​ _________ ​ = 51​minutes
hour
at the bike shop.

Try It! 5. LaTanya leaves her house at 12:30 p.m. and bikes at 12 mi/h
to Marta’s house. She stays at Marta’s house for 90 min. Both
girls walk back to LaTanya’s house along the same route at
2.5 mi/h. They arrive at LaTanya’s house at 3:30 p.m. How far
is Marta’s house from LaTanya’s house?

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 CONCEPT SUMMARY Create and Solve Linear Equations

Use the following information about Kelsey’s visit to the flower shop.
• Kelsey bought some roses and tulips.
• She bought twice as many tulips as roses.
• Roses cost $5 each.
• Tulips cost $2 each.
• Kelsey spent $36 total.
How many of each kind of flower did Kelsey buy?

WORDS Write an equation to represent the situation.

+​      Cost of Tulips      ​
Cost of Roses      ​ =​ Total Cost
(Cost of One Rose)(Number of Roses) ​+​ (Cost of One Tulip)(Number of Tulips) ​=​ Total Cost

ALGEBRA Let ​x =​the number of roses Kelsey bought.

​$5 ∙ x + $2 ∙ 2x = $36​
​5x + 4x = 36​
​9x = 36​
x = 4​
​
Kelsey bought 4 roses and 8 tulips.

Do You UNDERSTAND? Do You KNOW HOW?

1.    ESSENTIAL QUESTION    How do you create Solve each equation.
equations and use them to solve problems? 5. ​4b + 14 = 22​
2. Reason What is a first step to solving for ​ ​  3x − ​
6. ​4 + ______ 1 = 9​
ss​in the equation ​9x − 7 = 10?​How would 2
you check your solution? 7. ​15 − 2(3 − 2x) = 46​
(x − 5)
3. Use Structure For an equation with 8. ______
​​   ​ + 4x = 7​
3
fractions, why is it helpful to multiply both
sides of the equation by the LCD? 9. Terrence walks at a pace of 2 mi/h to the
theater and watches a movie for 2 h and
4. Error Analysis Venetta is solving the 15 min. He rides back home, taking the
(x − 4) same route, on the bus that travels at a rate
equation ​​ _____
5
 ​ − 6 = 7​. Applying the
of 40 mi/h. The entire trip takes 3.5 h. How
Distributive Property, she writes
far along this route is Terrence’s house from
​5(x − 4) − 6 = 5(7)​. What error
the theater? Explain.
did Venneta make?

LESSON 1-2 Solving Linear Equations 15

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 SavvasRealize.com
PRACTICE & PROBLEM SOLVING

UNDERSTAND PRACTICE

10. Use Structure What could be a first step to Solve each equation. SEE EXAMPLE 1
solving the equation ​3x + −0.5(x + 3) + 4 = 14?​ 16. ​−4x + 3(2x + 5) = 66​ ​​25.5
Explain.
​​  x ​ + 8 = 10​ 6
17. __
11. Make Sense and Persevere The sum of four 3
consecutive integers is ​−18​. What is the (x + 24)
18. ​​ _______
 ​ + 3 = 5​ ​−​20
2
greatest of these integers?
19. ​−2 = −5t + 10 + 2t​ 4
12. Error Analysis Describe and correct the error
a student made when solving the equation ​ Find three consecutive integers with each sum.
4 = −2(x − 3)​. What is the correct solution? SEE EXAMPLE 2

20. 48 21. 81 22. 93

​4 = −2(x − 3)​ Solve each equation. SEE EXAMPLES 3 AND 4

​4 = −2x − 6​ ​​  1 ​(2x + 1) = 26​ ____
23. __ ​​  103
 ​​
​4 + 6 = −2x − 6 + 6​ 4 2
​10 = −2x​ 24. ​0.2(5x − 5) = 29​ ​​30
10
___ −2x
____
​​  −2 ​ = ​  −2 ​​
​−5 = x​ ✘ 25. ​92 = −4(2r − 5)​ ​−​9

26. ​2.5 = 3.5x + (8.5 − 6.5x)​ 2

7 ​​, or ​−3​ __
1 ​​
27. ​−(7 − 2x) + 7 = −7 ​​−​ __
2 2
13. Communicate Precisely For the solution
31 ​  7  ​​
shown below, give the property that justifies ​ 00 = 16(6t − 3)​ ​​ ___ ​​, or ​2___
28. 2 12 12
steps ii−iv.
Solve each equation. SEE EXAMPLE 5
​​  x + ​
i. _____ 3
− 6 = −2​ ​​  1 ​x + 2 = 1​
29. __ 3 ​x − __
30. ​​ __ ​  2 ​x = 2​
4 2 2 3
​​  x + ​
ii. _____ 3
= 4​
4 31. ​​ __ ​  3 ​​
1 ​ (k − 3) = __ 32. ​​ ___ ​  5  ​w + ___
7  ​ = ___ ​  11 ​​
5 4 60 24 12
iii. ​x + 3 = 16​
3m ​ − ​ ___
33. ​​ ___ ​  7 ​​
m  ​ = __ h  ​ + __
34. ​1290 = ​ ___ ​  h ​​
iv. ​x = 13​ 4 12 8 10 5
Solve each equation. SEE EXAMPLES 3, 4, and 5
14. Use Structure Given the equation
2(x − 7)
______ 35. ​0.1r − 1 = 0.65​ 16.5
​​  3 ​ − 6 = 3​, use the properties given
to write out the steps for the corresponding
36. ​0.025(q + 2) = 2.81​110.4
solution.
37. ​1.037x + 0.02x + 25 = 30.285​ 5
i. Multiplication Property of Equality
ii. Distributive Property 38. ​−0.85t − 0.85t − 3.9 = −8.15​ 2.5

iii. Addition Property of Equality 39. A bee flies at 20 feet per second directly to a
flowerbed from its hive. The bee stays at the
15. Higher Order Thinking Tonya’s first step in flowerbed for 15 minutes, then flies directly
​​  12 ​(2y + 4) = −6​is to use
solving the equation __ back to the hive at 12 feet per second. It is
the Distributive Property on the left side of the away from the hive for a total of 20 minutes.
equation. Deon’s first step is to multiply each SEE EXAMPLE 5
side by 2. Which of these methods will result in
an equivalent equation? Explain. a. What equation can you use to find the
distance of the flowerbed from the hive?
b. How far is the flowerbed from the hive?

16 TOPIC 1 Solving Equations and Inequalities

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 PRACTICE & PROBLEM SOLVING

APPLY ASSESSMENT PRACTICE

40. Reason A fastpitch softball player signs a six- 44. Anna bought 8 tetras and 2 rainbow fish for
year contract. Her agent expects that she will her aquarium. The rainbow fish cost ​$6​ more
earn $​ 1,000,000​over the next six years. If the than the tetras. She paid a total of ​$37​. Which
agent is right, how many bonus payments, on of the following are true? Select all that apply.
average, should the pitcher expect each year? Ⓐ The cost of 4 tetras is the same as the cost of
Explain. a rainbow fish.
Menu Home Schedule Information Store Login Ⓑ One rainbow fish plus 5 tetras cost ​$21​.
Welcome to Women’s Softball Ⓒ An equation to find the cost ​r​, in dollars, of a
BREAKING NEWS!!! rainbow fish is ​8r + 2(r + 6) = 37​
6 Year Contract! Ⓓ Reducing the number of rainbow fish by 1
would result in a total cost of ​$28.50​.
Ⓔ An equation to find the cost ​t​, in dollars, of a
tetra t is ​8t + 2t + 6 = 37​.

45. SAT/ACT What is the solution of ​

1,200 − 5(3x + 30) = 600?​
41. Model With Mathematics Devin volunteers to
Ⓐ 30 Ⓑ 50 Ⓒ 150 Ⓓ 200 Ⓔ 250
bring 80 bottles of water to a swim meet. He
has 10 bottles of water in his refrigerator. How 46. Performance Task A mason will lay rows of
many 24-bottle cases does he need to buy to bricks to build a wall. The mason will spread
have enough water bottles for the meet? ​​  38 ​​inch of mortar on top of all but the last row
__
of bricks. The finished wall will be ​1__​ 81 ​ inch​ less
42. Model With Mathematics Finely has been than 4 feet high.
taking dance classes at a local studio. They used
a ​$3​-off coupon for their first two classes and
paid full price for the next three classes. So far 1
Finely has spent ​$56.50​on their classes. Write 2 in.
4
and solve an equation to find the regular price
of a dance class. 8 in.
3 3 in.
in.
8
43. Communicate Precisely A scientist makes an
acid solution by adding drops of acid to 1.2 L
of water. The final volume of the acid solution
is 1.202 L. Assuming the volume of each drop
is 0.05 mL, how many drops were added to the
water? About what percent of the solution Part A The mason wants to lay the bricks so
is acid? Round to the nearest hundredth of a that the shortest edge of each brick is vertical.
percent. How many rows of bricks are needed? Show
your work.

Part B Suppose the mason decides to lay bricks

so that the 3-inch edge is vertical. If the mason
lays the same number of rows of bricks that
were used for the wall described in Part A,
how high will this wall be?

LESSON 1-2 Solving Linear Equations 17

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