Mohammad Ziaul Alam, MSS,MBA,B.ed; Mail: [email protected], zia524004@gmail.

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Topic 5: From Pakistan to Bangladesh [2007,2008,2010,2011,2013,2014,2015]

2007

Question 4: From Pakistan to Bangladesh

In August 1947 Muhammed Ali Jinnah became the leader of Pakistan. A formula for splitting military assets
was agreed with India, but there were difficulties over financial assets. Pakistan received only 200 million of the
750 million rupees it was due from the Reserve Bank. Later, the Indian government paid another 500 million.
However, 50 million rupees remain unpaid.
Pakistan’s two wings (West Pakistan and East Pakistan) disagreed over the issue of the state language. East
Pakistanis also thought they were discriminated against by the central government, which was based in West
Pakistan. The Awami League introduced a Six Point Programme calling for greater economic and political
autonomy for East Pakistan. In retaliation, the central government arrested and imprisoned its leader. When the
Awami League won the 1970 general election but was prevented from taking power, events moved quickly
towards a War of Liberation.
Part (a)
(i) What title did Jinnah hold as ‘the leader of Pakistan’ (line 1)? [1]
(ii) What ‘formula for splitting the military assets was agreed’ between Pakistan and India (lines 1-2)? [1]
(iii) What event persuaded the Indian government to pay ‘another 500 million’ rupees to Pakistan? [1]
(iv) Which Awami League leader was ‘arrested and imprisoned’ by the central government in January 1968 (line 9)? [1]
(v) Which Pakistani leader suspended the opening of the Assembly in March 1971 to prevent the Awami League
from ‘taking power’ (line 10)? [1]
Part (b)
(i) Write what you know about the Canal Water Dispute of 1947-48. [5]
(ii) Why was the debate about the state language in Pakistan so important in the period 1947-56? [5]
Part (c)
Which of the following do you think was the most important in increasing the desire for independence
in East Pakistan? Explain your answer by writing about all three choices provided.
• administrative and political disparity between East and West Pakistan
• economic disparity between East and West Pakistan
• the mass uprising in East Pakistan in 1969 [10]
2008

Question 4: From Pakistan to Bangladesh: Problems facing the new nation

After the British left, Pakistan became a new country. The new Governor-General announced that ‘Pakistan has
come to exist forever’ and set about dealing with the many problems facing the new country. Soon a new
government existed with a Cabinet of experienced politicians and Pakistan’s first Prime Minister was appointed.
The new country faced many problems. It had limited resources and was often in dispute with its neighbour,
India. An issue which was to develop with significant consequences was the disparity between the two wings of
Pakistan. The people of East Pakistan were discriminated against by the central government, based in West
Pakistan. Despite promises to address the disparity between the two wings, little was done. In East Pakistan,
political parties began to emerge calling for fairer treatment for East Pakistan.
Part (a)
(i) On what exact date did Pakistan ‘become a new country’ (line 1)? [1]
(ii) Who was the ‘new Governor-General’ who set about dealing with Pakistan’s problems? [1]
(iii) Who was Pakistan’s ‘first Prime Minister’ (line 4)? [1]
(iv) Which organisation did Pakistan say should be asked to settle the Canal Water dispute between Pakistan and India? [1]
(v) Which political party was formed in East Pakistan in June 1949 to campaign against discrimination by the
Pakistan central government? [1]
Part (b)
(i) Write what you know about the division of financial and military assets between India and Pakistan in 1947. [5]
(ii) Why did the arrival of refugees in Pakistan from India in 1947 cause difficulties for the government? [5]
Part (c)
Which of the following do you think was the most important problem facing Pakistan from 1947 to 1958?
Explain your answer by writing about all three choices provided. [10]
• The issue of a national language • Social problems (health and education) • Economic problems

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 Mohammad Ziaul Alam, MSS,MBA,B.ed; Mail: [email protected], [email protected]

2010

Question 4: From Pakistan to Bangladesh: The Move to Independence

When Pakistan achieved independence in 1947 it faced serious problems. It faced a dispute with its neighbour,
India, over the division of assets, the ownership of disputed territories and even the use of water from the rivers.
Pakistan also faced a huge influx of refugees from India.
East Pakistan was almost a thousand miles from West Pakistan and there were many differences between the
people in each territory. Politicians in East Pakistan often disagreed with decisions made by the government
(which was based in West Pakistan). Resentment grew as the people of East Pakistan became increasingly aware
of the favouritism being shown by the government towards West Pakistan.
After the Awami League won the 1970 elections to the National Assembly, a war of independence broke out
when West Pakistan refused to allow the League to take power. In December 1971 the Republic of Bangladesh
was officially declared.
Part (a)
(i) Which city became Pakistan’s new capital in 1947? [1]
(ii) Who led Pakistan’s government from August 1947? [1]
(iii) What ratio was used to decide ‘the division of assets’ between Pakistan and India?(line 2) [1]
(iv) Who led the Awami League when it ‘won the 1970 elections’? (line 10) [1]
(v) Who ‘refused to allow the League to take power’? (line 11) [1]
Part (b)
(i) Write what you know about the difficulties created by the influx of refugees into Pakistan in 1947. [5]
(ii) Why was the Canal Water Dispute of 1947–48 an important issue in the history of Pakistan? [5]
Part (c)
Study the two statements below:
A ‘Bangladesh was created because of the dispute over the national language.’
B ‘Bangladesh was created because of economic disparities between East and West Pakistan.’
How far do you agree with each statement? Explain your answer. [10]
2011
Question 4: From Pakistan to Bangladesh (1947–1971):Political Mobilization and the events leading to
Independence
There were long-standing resentments between East and West Pakistan, but there was little chance for the
people of Bengal to express their views until the 1970 election. The six points of 1966 were the basis of victory
by the Awami League in 1970 but were not acceptable to the Pakistani president. Negotiations broke down and
in March 1971 a military solution was adopted.
This was generally popular in Pakistan and the leader of the Pakistan People’s Party spoke of the country being
saved by the army. A resistance movement in East Pakistan arose and a brutal civil war broke out. In November
1971 a provisional government of Bangladesh was formed.
International opinion was unfavourable to Pakistan and its traditional allies failed to give it support. Indian
intervention led to the unconditional surrender of the Pakistani army on 16 December 1971. The new President
of Pakistan had little option but to accept that Bangladesh was an independent state.
Part (a)
(i) Who drew up the six points? (line 2) [1]
(ii) Name the Pakistani president in 1970. (line 4) [1]
(iii) What was the name of the resistance movement in East Pakistan? (line 6) [1]
(iv) Name one of Pakistan’s traditional allies. (line 8) [1]
(v) Who was the leader of the Pakistan People’s Party who became the new President of Pakistan in December 1971? [1]
Part (b)
(i) Write what you know about the Awami League. (line 3) [5]
(ii) Why were there long-standing grievances between East and West Pakistan? [5]
Part (c)
Which of the following do you think was the most important reason for the success of the independence
movement in 1971? Explain your answer by writing about all three of the choices provided. [10]
• The resistance movement in East Pakistan • International opinion • Indian intervention

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 Mohammad Ziaul Alam, MSS,MBA,B.ed; Mail: [email protected], [email protected]

2013
Question 4: From Pakistan to Bangladesh
A child leads a protest in East Pakistan, 1969
The elections of December 1970 and January 1971 were of
immense importance in bringing about an independent
Bangladesh. The Awami League won a majority of seats
because of resentment about rule by West Pakistan. There had
already been student unrest in 1969 and now there was a
major constitutional crisis. This led to a non-cooperation
movement in East Pakistan.
The President and Prime Minister of Pakistan flew to Dhaka
for talks with Sheikh Mujibur Rahman but when these failed,
the Pakistan army took severe measures and civil war broke
out. In April 1971, the Provisional Government of
Bangladesh was formed.
Part (a): This question tests your knowledge.
(i) When was the Awami League founded? [1]
(ii) How many seats did the Awami League win in the
elections? (lines 1–2) [1]
(iii) Who was the President of Pakistan? (line 5) [1]
(iv) Who led the Pakistan army? (line 6) [1]
(v) Where was the Provisional Government set up? (line 7) [1]
Part (b): This question tests your knowledge and understanding.
(i) Outline the political disturbances which took place in East Pakistan in 1969. [5]
(ii) Explain why the constitutional crisis of 1971 was important. [5]
Part (c): This question tests your understanding and judgement.
(i) Explain why each of the following was important in bringing about the victory of the Awami League in the
elections of 1970–71.
• The Six-Point Programme of 1966 • Economic issues [8]
(ii) Explain which of these was more important, and why. [2] [Total: 25]
2014
Question 4: From Pakistan to Bangladesh (1947–71): Problems of national integration. Political
mobilisation and events leading to independence.

The newspaper ‘Dawn’ reports that Martial Law is

announced in 1958.
There had been considerable protests since 1947 about the issue of
language in Bengal. After the formation of the Awami Muslim League
in 1949, there was growing opposition. A major turning point was an
agreement by opposition parties to work together in December 1953.
However, despite opposition electoral success in 1954, the central
government refused to allow it to rule and appointed a new Governor.
The new Constitution of Pakistan was created in 1956, but martial law
was declared in October 1958. This lasted until 1962. There were
important changes and developments, but there was still a demand for political change; a new leader of the Awami League,
Sheikh Mujibur Rahman emerged in 1963. His arrest in 1968 was a turning point.
Part (a): this question tests your knowledge.
(i) Who was the first president of the Awami Muslim League? (line 2) [1]
(ii) What was the union of opposition parties called in 1954? (line 3) [1]
(iii) Who was the new governor appointed in 1954? (line 5) [1]
(iv) Which General ruled under Martial Law between 1958 and 1962? (line 6) [1]
(v) Name the conspiracy case which caused Sheikh Rahman’s arrest in 1968. (line 8) [1]
Part (b): this question tests your knowledge and understanding.
(i) Outline the main programme of the United Front of 1953. [5]
(ii) Why was the United Front not more successful in its aims? [5]
Part (c): this question tests your understanding and judgement.
(i) Explain the importance of both of the following to Bengal: • The Language Movement 1947–1953 • The Mass
Uprising of 1969. [8]
(ii) Which of these do you think had the greater importance in bringing about an independent Bangladesh?
Explain your answer. [2] [Total: 25]

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 Mohammad Ziaul Alam, MSS,MBA,B.ed; Mail: [email protected], [email protected]

2015
Question 4: From Pakistan to Bangladesh:Problems facing the new nation of Pakistan

Refugees during the period of the Partition of India and

Pakistan
After the second partition of Bengal, despite the efforts of the
Chief Minister of Bengal, Hindumajority West Bengal was
separated from the Muslim East Bengal. East Bengal was
separated from the rest of the new state of Pakistan by a
considerable distance. There was a large amount of
communal violence, and many refugees fled into the new
states. It was more difficult for Pakistan to become a new
country than for India. There were geographic and economic
problems and disputes with India. Also, there were problems
about social issues, particularly concerning language. In 1948
there was an announcement by the Governor General that
there would be a single language, which led to unrest in East
Pakistan.
Part (a): This question tests your knowledge.
(i) Who was the Chief Minister of Bengal? (line 1) [1]
(ii) Approximately what distance separated East Bengal and West Pakistan? (lines 2–3) [1]
(iii) Which territory caused the most important dispute with India? (line 6) [1]
(iv) What was the name of the Governor General who announced the single language in 1948?L7[1]
(v) Name the common language. (line 8) [1]
Part (b): This question tests your knowledge and understanding.
(i) Describe the migration of refugees into Pakistan after independence. [5]
(ii) Why was the language issue so important for East Bengal between 1948 and 1952? [5]
Part (c): This question tests your understanding and judgement.
(i) Explain the importance of the following to the new state of Pakistan.
• Economic problems • The division of financial and military assets between India and Pakistan [8]
(ii). Which of these do you think had the greater importance for the people of Pakistan? Explain your
answer. [2] [Total: 25]

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 Mohammad Ziaul Alam, MSS,MBA,B.ed; Mail: [email protected], [email protected]

Topic 5: Part-A
1. What title did Jinnah hold as ‘the leader of Pakistan’ (line 1)? [ Governor-General (allow Quaid-e-
Azam)]
2. What ‘formula for splitting the military assets was agreed’ between Pakistan and India (lines 1-2)? [17/5]
3. What event persuaded the Indian government to pay ‘another 500 million’ rupees to Pakistan? [ Gandhi’s
hunger strike]
4. Which Awami League leader was ‘arrested and imprisoned’ by the central government in January 1968 (line 9)?
[Sheik Mujibur Rahman]
5. Which Pakistani leader suspended the opening of the Assembly in March 1971 to prevent the Awami
League from ‘taking power’ (line 10)? [Yayha Khan]
6. On what exact date did Pakistan ‘become a new country’ (line 1)? [ 14 August 1947.]
7. Who was the ‘new Governor-General’ who set about dealing with Pakistan’s problems? [ Jinnah.]
8. Who was Pakistan’s ‘first Prime Minister’ (line 4)? [ Liquat Ali Khan.]
9. Which organisation did Pakistan say should be asked to settle the Canal Water dispute between Pakistan and India?
[International Court of Justice (or UNO or UN).]
10. Which political party was formed in East Pakistan in June 1949 to campaign against discrimination by the
Pakistan central government? [Awami (Muslim) League.]
11. Which city became Pakistan’s new capital in 1947? [ Karachi]
12. Who led Pakistan’s government from August 1947? [Jinnah]
13. What ratio was used to decide ‘the division of assets’ between Pakistan and India?(line 2) [17:5]
14. Who led the Awami League when it ‘won the 1970 elections’? (line 10) [ Sheikh Mujibur Rahman]
15. Who ‘refused to allow the League to take power’? (line 11) [ Yahya or Bhutto]
16. Who drew up the six points? (line 2) [Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rahmin]
17. Name the Pakistani president in 1970. (line 4) [ Yahya Khan]
18. What was the name of the resistance movement in East Pakistan? (line 6) [ Mukhti Bahini or Liberation
Army or Freedom Fighters]
19. Name one of Pakistan’s traditional allies. (line 8) [ China/USA]
20. Who was the leader of the Pakistan People’s Party who became the new President of Pakistan in December 1971?
[Bhutto]
21. When was the Awami League founded? [1949]
22. How many seats did the Awami League win in the elections? (lines 1–2) [167]
23. Who was the President of Pakistan? (line 5) [Yayha Khan]
24. Who led the Pakistan army? (line 6) [Tikka Khan]
25. Where was the Provisional Government set up? (line 7) [Vaidyanathata (Meherput)]
26. Who was the first president of the Awami Muslim League? (line 2) [ Moulana Abdul Hamid Khan / Bashani]
27. What was the union of opposition parties called in 1954? (line 3) [ Jukto Front (United Front)]
28. Who was the new governor appointed in 1954? (line 5) [ Iskander Mirza]
29. Which General ruled under Martial Law between 1958 and 1962? (line 6) [ Mohammed Ayub Khan]
30. Name the conspiracy case which caused Sheikh Rahman’s arrest in 1968. (line 8) [ Agartala]
31. Who was the Chief Minister of Bengal? (line 1) [ H S Suhrawardy]
32. Approximately what distance separated East Bengal and West Pakistan? (lines 2–3) [1000 miles]
33. Which territory caused the most important dispute with India? (line 6) [ Kashmir]
34. What was the name of the Governor General who announced the single language in 1948?L7[ Jinnah]
35. Name the common language. (line 8) [Urdu]