Ex/1

Answers:

1 discovered America

2 first head of the People’s Republic of China

3 last Tsar to rule in Russia

4 discovered the chemical element, radium

5 was the first elected president of the USA

6 campaigned and fought for civil rights, was assassinated in 1968

7 composed music from the age of six

8 invented the telescope and was the first to claim that the earth moved round the sun

9 Emperor of France, conquered several European countries

10 Queen of England, reigned in the 16th century

Reading (pp. 122-123)

1/a

I think that this quote means that there are always several versions of what is happening, and it all depends on who and how tells the story.

1/c

1.F 2.T 3.T

Ex 2.

1 D ; 2 A; 3 C; 4 D; 5 C ; 6 D ; 7 B; 8 D

Ex 3.

1776-Congress approved the Declaration of Independence

1782-the first draft of the Treaty of Peace was signed

1783-the king officially announced that the war would be over soon, and the Treaty of Paris was later signed

1492-Christopher Columbus arrived in America

1000 AD-Leif Eriksson landed in America

3rd September-the Treaty of Paris was signed

15th Century - Columbus' voyages opened up large-scale commerce between Europe and America

Ex 4/a

The chances are - very likely

The thing is - In fact

was not willing to - did not want to

give him any credit at all - acknowledge his contribution

comes to mind - occurs to you

"cut and dried" - straightforward

a grain of truth - some truth

take it with a pinch of salt - have a critical attitude

4/b

version: someone's description of what has happened

Independence: a situation in which a country has its own government and is not ruled by another country

approved: to think that something is good or right

brutal: very violent or cruel

grant: to admit or agree that something is true

leaders: a person in control of a group, country, or situation

draft: a piece of writing or a plan that is not yet in its finished form

Treaty: a written agreement between two or more countries

accurate: correct or exact

Presumably: used to say what you think is the likely situation

actual: real, not guessed or imagined

voyages: a long journey

conquered: to take control of a country or to defeat people by war

conqueror: someone who has conquered a country or its people

subjective: instead of facts

Ex 5.

The writer means that the story is always written from the point of view of the writer, so any version of what is happening may be biased or not true at all.

The writing of history depends on the culture and modernity in which it is written, on the author and his attitude towards the goals with which he intends to write history. I think that people cannot write
objectively about current events, as everyone has their own point of view and view of what is happening.

Ex 6.

T: I like reading history because it is important for me to know what

happened in the past. What about you?

B: I'm not really interested in history, I don't think it has any significant meaning, what was in the past is in the past.

T: I don't agree with you. Current events are often related to what happened in the past, as one quote says: “He who does not remember his past is doomed to relive it” is directly related to history.

T: I have always been fascinated by world history, especially the history of England and France.

B: And I prefer to read about the history of my country.

P 124

Ex 1

a/ Attack, navy

b/ War & Peace: ally

Military Actions: surrender, attack

Armed Forces: navy conquer

Ranks: private, general, major, admiral

Anti-war: disarmament, treaty, pacifist

c/

1 disarmament

2 treaty

3 retreat

4 defended

5 invaded

d/

1 You can make a good career in the military.

2 Germany and Italy were allies in World War II.

3 My father was a captain in the army.

4 My brother will be an admiral

5 My sister and I are pacifists and we are strongly against war.

Ex 2

a/ I think that the conversation will be about the suffrage movement, in which women campaigned for the right to vote.

b/

1 F (fight hard for it)

2 F(great grandmother)

3 T (prison, hunger strikes, dying for the cause)

4 F(woman over the age of 30) 5 F(America, ahead, No, 1920)

c/

T: What did the suffragettes fight for?

B: They advocated the right to vote for women.

T: What was the point the suffragettes were trying to convey?

B: That they were willing to die for the cause.

T: Did they get enough attention?

B: Yes, in the end they got votes and made history.

d/

In my country, men and women can vote when they are 16 years old. Everybody over this age can vote.

Ex 3

1 .under control

2. got out of control

3. in control (of them)

4. lost control of

5. took control of

6.out of control

7. have... control over

Ex 4

To classical (relates to ancient civilizations; classic = typical/traditional ) arrested = taken

2 defeated (= to be beaten in a battle ; into custody by the police/stopped)

3 historic (= important in history; historical = part of history/ describe or represent history/)

4 attack (= hurt, damage sb or sth using physical force or violence, )

5 (be in) power ( strength = physical energy/confidence or courage/power or influence)

Ex 5

1. times

2. time

3. times

4. time

5. time...

6. times

7. times

8. times

Ex 6

1 luck

2 chance

3 accident

Ex 7

1.trace her

2. steeped in

3. made

4. course

5. Throughout

Ex 8

1. blown up
2. beaten up

3. went off

4. carrying out

5. backed out

6. bring about

7. took over

Ex 9

1 in

2 for

3 in

4.of

5 by

P 126

Ex 1

a/

1 I am going to listen to find out when Germany and Andorra signed the peace treaty.

2 am going to listen to find out what kind of person the boy thinks Caligula was

3 I am going to listen to find out how many days Julius Caesar added to the year 46 BC

4 I am going to listen to find out what King Ludwig thought of Wagner's music. 85.00) gil

5 I am going to listen to find out what the teacher wants her students to do.

6 I am going to listen to find out what kind of issue slavery was, according to the speaker.

7 I am going to listen to find out what the rats were accused of.

8 I am going to listen to find out what sort of historical figure the people are talking about.

b/

1.B
2.A

3. C

4. A

5. C

6.B

7.B

8. A

c/

1. not until, fighting Germany in World War li

2. can't have taken anything very seriously, enjoyed a good joke

3. add sixty-seven days to one year

4. thought very highly of Wagner, wanted somewhere to stage Wagner's operas

5. look at your history textbook go to the library, look in encyclopaedias, the internet, details from the film on Columbus

6. all to do with money, big business

7. taking food that didn't belong to them

8. battles, win, defeated, retreat, troops

Ex 2

a/

1. a noun used with without to explain 'mystery

2. the year when the Marie Celeste was found

3. some people connected to the captain who were on the ship

4. something that there was a lot of on the ship

5. something possibly used to escape from the ship -maybe a boat

6. some things that were not taken from the ship

7. who Fosdyke was 8 something that saved Fosdyke from drowning

9. something or someone that Conan Doyle wrote stories about

10. some things that were not true in Conan Doyle's account eg facts, elements

b/

1. explanation

2. 1872

3. wife... daughter

4. food... water

5. small boat

6. belongings

7. only survivor

8. piece of wood

9. Sherlock Holmes

10. details

P 127

Ex 3

a/

In the first picture, a man is outside holding a snake, and the boy is listening and making notes in a notebook. He can ask the man questions about the snake and write down the answers.

The second picture is a group of students sitting at their desks in the classroom, and the teacher is standing in front of them. He explains something to them and is going to write something on the
blackboard. I would say that learning through experience, like in the first picture, is much more effective because it is more memorable.

b/

Complicated and specialist subjects should only be taught at university so that people can decide whether to study them or not.

c/

In the first picture we can see a group of people sitting on the steps. They have got a large banner which says 'peace now". In the second picture, on the other hand, there are two people standing on a street
they holding signs which are protesting against circuses.

I think that the first type of protest is more likely to be heard and produce some results than the second type, since it is a protest on a much larger scale and takes place where many people will be seen, and
the second type of protest consists of only two people trying to get their voices heard.
Ex 4

Student A is very fluent, manages to say a lot in the allotted time with little or no hesitation, and uses a wide range of language correctly and accurately. Student B is also good, but hesitates more, so cannot
say as much and uses a more limited vocabulary.

Ex 5

a/

In the first dialogue, the second speaker makes it clear that he or she does not believe the first speaker, whereas in the second dialogue, the second speaker is interested in what the first speaker has to say
and wants to know more about what happened.

b/

T: My best friend is getting married.

B: That's great!

T: She's moving to Australia.

B: I don't believe it!

T: You'll never believe what happened to me last night.

B: What?

T: I took my friend out to dinner, but I forgot my wallet, and i didn't have enough money to pay the bill.

B: How awful!

T: I had a terrible weekend. The bank machine ate my card.

B: You're not serious, are you?

T: Oh yes, I am. I had no money for 3 days

B: How terrible for you.

Ex 6

T: I just won money in the lottery.

B: I can't believe your luck!

T: I didn't win the prize.

B: Good luck next time!

T: I'm going on vacation to Italy

B: Oh, lucky!

T: I have to work this weekend.

B: Bad luck!

T: The promotion for your favorite ice cream has ended in the store.

B: I just got lucky!

P 128

Ex 1

a/

I think the text is about a famous female pilot, who went missing during a flight and has never been seen again.

b/

Who was Amelia? Amelia famous pilot female

How did Amelia decide to become a pilot? Amelia decided to become a pilot when she made a ten-minute airplane flight at an air show in the 1920s.

When did she disappear? She went missing in 1937.

Ex 2

a/

1. This paragraph is about Amelia's childhood.

2. This paragraph is about Amelia's early career and her first experience of flying.

3. This paragraph is about the beginning of Amelia's career as a pilot.

4. This paragraph is about accidents Amelia had during her early career as a pilot.

5. This paragraph is about Amelia's trans-atlantic flight.

6. This paragraph is about Amelia's solo Atlantic crossing, which her husband encouraged her to make.

7. This paragraph is about Amelia's disappearance.

8. This paragraph is about what could have happened to Amelia.

b/

1 D (considered to be very bright academically. She enjoyed reading and poetry.. )

2 G (During the first World War... When the war ended..)

3 B (Amelia had many crashes..... planes were unreliable... accidents...)

4 F (she received an invitation to be the first woman to make the fight... made the flight in 1928. made her d celebrity)

5 H (make the crossing alone broke several records on this flight.)

6 A ( fly around the world... However, somewhere between New Guinea...plane disappeared... The last message....")

7 C ('many theories... what happened.", "Some say... "Others believe...)

Ex 3

a/

changeable- unsettled

clever -bright

not to be trusted - unreliable

famous person - celebrity

arrested - captured

on purpose – deliberately
b/

a great deal: a lot

academically: in her studies

immigrants: someone who comes to live in a different country

aerial stunts: tricks performed in the air

promoting: to advertise something

cross-country races: races over land

engine failure: a loss of power to the engine

death defying feats: very dangerous

transatlantic record: fastest crossing of the Atlantic

understandably: in a way that is easy to understand

part of call: a place where you stop for a short time, especially on a journey

coast guard: in the US, the official organization that Coast Guardsmen belong to

due to: because of

running out: will expire

secret mission: an important task sb is given to do which nobody

else knows about

lying: situated

off: near to

bottom of the sea: under the water on the seabed

Ex 4

/born in 1897 in Kansas, America

/family travelled a great deal – often missed school but very bright academically

/graduated from high school and became a nurse – worked as a military nurse during the First World War

/became a social worker in America – taught English to immigrants

/ went to air shows in her free time in the 1920s – had a 10- minute plane ride and decided to learn to fly

/ had flying lessons and bought her own plane

/ in 1922, took part in record-breaking stunts and organised cross-country air races – promoted flying for women

/ in 1928, was first woman ever to fly across the Atlantic

/ married George Putman

/in 1932, made solo flight across Atlantic

/ in 1937, final flight – flew from Miami to South America to Africa and to Australia – disappeared mysteriously – never seen again

Amelia Earhart was born in 1897 in Kansas, America. Her

family travelled a great deal, so she often missed school, but she

was very bright academically. When she graduated from high

school, she became a nurse. She worked as a military nurse during

the First World War. After the war, she became a social worker in

America and taught English to immigrants. She went to air shows

in her free time in the 1920s. She had a 10-minute plane ride at one

of these shows and decided to learn to fly.

Amelia had flying lessons and bought her own plane. In 1922,

she started taking part in record-breaking stunts and organised

cross-country air races. She promoted flying for women. In 1928,

she was first woman ever to fly across the Atlantic, although she
was only a passenger. She married George Putman after this flight

and they decided together that she should make a solo flight

across the Atlantic, which she did in 1932.

In 1937, Amelia took her final flight. After flying from Miami to

Australia, she and her plane disappeared mysteriously and were

never seen again.

Ex 5

George: Hi Amelia. I'm George Putman. Heard about you.

Amelia: Nice to meet you, George.

George: Do you like to fly?

Amelia: Of course, I hope one day I will be a good pilot.

George: I'm sure it will be possible, you can make your own flight across the Atlantic in one day.

Amelia: I really hope so.

George: I thought why don't you fly solo. across the Atlantic? you always wanted to make it

Amelia: Yes, I think you're right. I've been thinking about this lately.

George: You would be the first woman to fly solo across the Atlantic.

Amelia: I know. This would be a great achievement.

Amelia: Fred, we have a long way to go. I hope you are ready for this trip!

Fred: Of course I'm ready! We're going to make history on this. journey!

Amelia: I know, I'm so excited. It will be be great to see so many fantastic places.

Fred: You're right. We're so lucky to be able to see other countries.

Ex 6

I think Amelia was an optimist and also think that she was stubborn, since not many women would aspire to be an aviator in those days.

She must have been determined to succeed in her chosen career.

She was also very brave, because did a lot of dangerous stunts on his plane.

I think she was a little rebellious, because she chose a career that, in the opinion of the people of that time, was not suitable for women.

Ex 7

One of the most prominent names in our history is Valentina Radzimovska - professor, doctor of medical and physiological sciences, founder of the Ukrainian School of Physiologists and Biochemists, and also
a public figure. For her political activity and participation in the Union for the Liberation of Ukraine in the 1930s, Valentina Radzimovska was repressed by the Soviet authorities. However, this did not prevent
her from becoming the author of more than 60 works on biochemistry, pathophysiology, pediatrics, psychoneurology, physiology, and phthisiology. Like her predecessor in our article, the scientist left
Ukraine in 1945, emigrating first to Germany and then to the USA. Radzimovska made a huge contribution to the study of tuberculosis and its treatment in children.

From the beginning of the 20th century and until the end of her life, already in the 1970s, Nataliya Polonska-Vasylenko was engaged in researching the history and archeology of Ukraine, both in Ukraine and
later in exile in Germany and the Czech Republic. In a historically difficult time for Ukraine, she became one of the leading representatives of the statist school in Ukrainian historiography, that is, she
promoted the idea of independence and continuity of the Ukrainian historical process. Nataliya Polonska-Vasylenko is the author of almost 200 scientific works devoted to the history of Zaporizhzhia and
Southern Ukraine, which remain relevant to this day.

Ex 8

Reporter: Amelia Earhart, can you tell us a little about your childhood. Where were you born?

Amelia: I was born in Kansas, USA, in 1897.

Reporter: I see. Did you have a happy childhood?

Amelia: Well, it was rather difficult and unsettled. My family travelled a great deal so that my father could find work, you see. I often missed school, but I was considered to be quite bright academically.
Reporter: What did you enjoy doing when you were young?

Amelia: Oh, all sorts of things. I loved reading and poetry, as well as sports. I particularly enjoyed basketball and tennis.

Reporter: Amelia, thank you for telling us about yourself.

Amelia: Oh, it was my pleasure.

P130

Ex 1

1 made

2 changed

3 died

4 tried

5 lived

6 noticed

7 caught

8 concluded

9 had

10 had become

11 developed

12 published

13 was suffered

14 had been eradicated

Ex 2

2 Paul left when/before Tina arrived.

3 Paul didn’t leave until after Tina had arrived.

4 Paul was just leaving when Tina arrived.

5 Paul had just left when Tina arrived.

6 Paul was leaving as Tina was arriving.

Ex 3

2 I expected them to have arrived by now.

3 It’s unlikely that they received my message.

4 It was wrong of them to mention the surprise.

5 I’m not sure that they knew how to get here.

6 There’s a chance that they were lucky and got in.

7 I am sure they didn’t know we were coming.

8 It’s a pity they didn’t come with us. It’s lovely here.

Ex 4

1 may/might/could have written down the wrong number.

2 should have/ought to have brought some warm clothes.

3 may/might/could have left my glasses at work.

4 must have borrowed the car.

5 should have/ought to have remembered her birthday.

Ex 5

1 needn’t have done

2 didn’t need to make

3 needn’t have lied

4 didn’t need to take

Ex 6

2 A: Did you hear that Tony was driving a BMW yesterday?

B: Oh, he can’t have been! He hates big cars.

3 A: Did you hear that Ann bought a really expensive designer outfit?

B: Oh, she may have got a pay rise, then.

4 A: Did you hear that Kathryn wasn’t accepted at Oxford?

B: Well, she should have been. She’s very bright.

5 A: Did you hear that Lydia had a hard time finding a flat?

B: Oh, she could have asked for help

Ex 7

Bill
He must have slept badly last night.

He couldn't sleep well last night.

Maybe he ate something he didn't like

John

He must have been stuck in traffic.

Perhaps he overslept.

He couldn't be at the airport on time.

Tina

Perhaps she forgot about it.

She must have had better things to do.

She could have missed the bus.

Ex 8

1 enrich

2 deafen

3 terrorise

4 enclose

5 characterise

6 sympathise

7 memorise

8 enrage

Ex 9

1 ... should not have put ... (past modal should)

2 ... by the time I got ... (adverbial phrase ‘by the line + past simple)

3 ... will have to be done ... (future obligation + passive)

4 ... might not have recognised ... (past modal might)

5 ... did not succeed in impressing ... (succeed in + -ing)

6 ... could she have known about ... (past modal could)

7 ... could have been delayed ... (past modal could)

8 ... ought to say goodbye before ... (future obligation ought to + inf)

9 ... hasn’t heard from Glen ... (present perfect + for)

10 ... should have/might have let us know ... (past obligation should/might + inf)
Ex 10

1 can

2 way

3 behind

4 each

5 be

6 more

7 long

8 to

9 which

10 or

11 when

12 has

13 Both

14 truth/fact

15 as

Ex 11

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