Lesson 9 Word List 5% the definitions of the words below; then do the exercises for the ~ lesson. accumulate 2 kyoom" yoo lat aggravate ag’ ro vat conserve kon sur” contaminate kon tam’ i nat diminish i min’ ish drastic ddras’ tik extravagant ek strav’ 9 gant frugal fr08° gal impurity im pyd0r" 916 per’ al 68 4, To increase in number or amount; to pile up, collect, or gather. [An inch of snow accumulated overnight.) 4 1. To make worse. [The skater aggravated an old knee injury when she fell.] 2. To anger or annoy. [That loud rock music from the club aggravates the neighbors.} aggravation 1. (ag ro va’ shon) 1. Annoyance; exasperation. [My aggravation increased as the noisy construction continued outside my window.] 2. A source of annoyance or exasperation. (Deer and rabbits are a continuous aggravation to rural gardeners.) ». To save by using carefully. {Lower speed limits help conserve gasoline.] conservation 1 (kan sor va’ shan) The saving or protection of something through careful use, [A plan for the conservation of open space was unveiled at the town meeting.] u. To harm by contact with something undesirable. {Chemicals spilled last year continue to contaminate the lake.) contamination. (kon tam i na” shon} The act of or result of contaminating. {Salt used on the roads in winter could lead to the contamination of ground water) v, To make or become smaller or less; to reduce. {Constant violations of the housing regulations will diminish the quality of life for all the inhabitants.] adj. Severe; extreme. [Evil crimes receive drastic punishment in this new novel.) adj. Spending, costing, or using more than is required. {(Shawn’s buying lunch for everyone was an extravagant thing to do.] extravagance 1. 1. The quality of being wasteful or spending more than is necessary. [Emma’s extravagance in early adulthood led to poverty later] 2. Athing that costs more than one can afford. [admit the team jacket was an extravagance, but I couldn’t resist buying it.] adj. Careful in spending or using something. [The bill for the splendid wedding ceremony shocked my frugal relatives.] n. Something that is harmful or ditty. [Filtering removes the impurities from water] n, Danger; something that is dangerous. [The sailor understood the peril involved in a solo crossing of the Atlantic Ocean,] imperil v. (im per’ al) To place in danger [A driver’s ineptness imperils the passengers.) perilous adj. per’ 2 Ios) Dangerous. {An expedition into enemy territory could be perilous.Wordly Wise 3000: Book 3 69 perpetual , adj. Lasting or seeming to last forever or for along time; continuous. por pech’ 00's1__ [A perpetual calendar can be used year after year] resource n. 1. Asupply that can be used when there is a need. re shis {Coal, aluminum, and lumber are natural resources.] 2. Skill in dealing with difficult situations. [The committee’s resource in working out the plan for integration is admirable.] resourceful adj. (re s6rs‘ fal) Able to deal with difficult problems. [A resourceful person will triumph over difficulties.] substitute To replace one thing or person for another. sub’ sto tot [Cooks sometimes substitute lemon for vinegar in salad dressing.] 1, Something or someone that replaces another. [A flutist is 2 substitute for the violinist in tonight's concert.) ‘adj. Acting in place of someone or something else. [The substitute teacher tolerated the class's antics.] sustain x 1, To keep up; to support. sa stan” [Their firm belief that they would be rescued sustained them] 2. To suffer; to undergo. [The driver of the wrecked car sustained serious injuries.] vital adj. 1, Necessary for continued life or prosperity. vit) {Oil is vital to the economy of the country.] 2, Full of lively spicit. [Nelson Mandela's vital personality enabled him to survive years of imprisonment without bitterness.) 3. Of the greatest importance. [Ics vital that an official attend to the transfer immediately.) 9A Finding Meanings “*22""° phrases to form a sentence that correctly uses a word from Word List 9. Write each sentence on the line provided. 1. (a) a source of annoyance. (c) a source of danger. (b) An extravagance is (d) An aggravation is 2. (a) that make a bad situation worse. (c) Drastic measures are those (b) that are extreme in nature, (4) Frugal measures are those 3. (a) a gradual increase over time. (€) Conservation is (b) Contamination is (d) contact with something harmful.70 Lesson 9 4. (a) a way of politely saying no. (b) A substitute is 5. (a) to inérease its amount, (b) to spend it wastefully. 6. (a) A substitute player is one who (b) suffers an injury. (c) something that is harmful or dicty, {d) An impurity is (c) To conserve wealth is (a) To accumulate wealth is (c) A vital player is one who (@) replaces another one. 7. (a) never scem to end. (b) Diminished demands are those that {c) seem reasonable. (d) Perpetual demands are those that 8. (a) Something that is perilous is (b) very dangerous. (c) quite harmless. {d) Someone who is resourceful is 9. (a) A resource is something (b) that requires attention. (c) An extravagance is something (d) that costs more than one can easily afford. 9B Just the Right Word Improve each of the following sentences by crossing out the italicized phrase and replacing it with a word (or a form of the word) from Word List 9. 1. Many stores in the area had to suffer through a loss of business when the shipyard closed. 2. The taxpayers did not approve of the town’s wasteful spending of large amounts of money. 3. The new medicine was recalled because it contained many dirty and harmfiul substances. 4. A thick layer of dust had gathered litte by little on top of the piano. 5. Acook who is carefull not to waste anything can make interesting dishes from leftovers.Wordly Wise 3000: Book 3 7 6. The pain started to become less severe after a few days. 7. Our abilities to deal with difficult situations were tested to the maximum when our raft was propelled into dangerous rapids. 8. She seems so full of lively spirit that one forgets she is seriously ill. 9. ‘The stage manager faced many things that bothered or annoyed her in trying to be ready for opening night. 10. It is dangerous and risky not to replace the dead batteries in the smoke detectors. 11, Very severe changes in the law are needed to deal with drunk drivers. 12. Unwashed hands can easily bring dirt into contact with food products. 13. The careful use and saving of water is extremely important on a long expedition. 9C Applying Meanings “ele the letter of each correct answer to the questions below. Each question has from one to four correct answers. 1. Which of the following would conserve gasoline? (a) driving less often (c) driving at stower speeds (b) traveling by bus or train (4) buying smaller cars 2, Which of the following would diminish one’s freedom? (a) being held captive (c) joining the navy (b) having one's driver’s license taken away (4) being released from prison 3. Which of the following are vital in a democracy? (a) voting in elections (c) learning about the issues (b) advertising on television (d) joining a political party 4, Which of the following might a frugal person do? (a) save used string (c) compare prices (b) buy expensive presents (d) travel by taxi 5. Which of the following are natural resources? (a) copper (6) air (b) iron : (d) coalA TTR 33 Lesson 9 ‘Which of the following are substitutes for sugar? (2) honey (b) artificial sweeteners Which of the following are needed to sustain life? (a) oxygen (b) food Which of the following might aggravate a sore throat? (a) eating ice cream (b) coughing 9D Word Relationships NECESSARY DRASTIC AGGRAVATE, ACCUMULATE IMPURITY PERIL SUBSTITUTE, DIMINISH, EXTRAVAGANT DRASTIC RESOURCEFUL PERPETUAL INCREASE, DIMINISH ‘WASTE, CONSERVE EXTREME REALISTIC SAFE, VITAL LINGER, ANNOY, EXPANSE DANGER REPLACE, SKIRMISH FRUGAL LENGTHY CONTINUOUS ANXIOUS SUSTAIN COMPETE SHED CONTAMINATE RESOURCEFUL DRASTIC {¢) chocolate (d) corn syrup (c) water (d) education {c) smoking cigarettes (4) shouting. Each group of four words below contains two words that are either synonyms or antonyms. Circle these two words; then circle the S if they are synonyms, the A if they are antonyms, SoA ck SoA SoA SoA ck SoA SoA A |TiCiAes Gili JUuUIAIAGSD Wordly Wise 3000: Book 3 73 9E Narrative 2d the narrative below; then complete the exercise that follows WATER, WATER, EVERYWHERE ‘What sets our planet apart from all the others? Pictures from space show earth to be the blue planet, its color coming from the water that covers about three quarters of its surface. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the only planet that can sustain life, and water is the reason. You'd think that something so vital to our lives would be treated by us as a valuable gift, but sadly, that has not been the case. Except dur- ing times of drought, when we realize how precious it is, water is something we take very much for granted. ‘The water that makes up the earth’s rivers, oceans, and lakes is always in motion. As it is warmed by the sun, water evaporates into the air and the vapor forms clouds, leaving behind the impurities that were dissolved in the water. As the vapor cools, it forms water droplets that eventually fall as rain, The rainfall accumulates in the earth's different bodies of water, where it is heated by the sun and evaporates ‘once more. This process is known as the rain cycle, and it has gone on perpetually since it started—about 500,000 years after the earth was formed. It is nature's way of keeping the earth’s supply of water clean. For billions of years it worked well, but with the growth of industry and the increase in population over the past two hun- dred years, the situation has changed drastically. ‘The standard of living that Americans enjoy exceeds anything our ancestors dreamed of. But the conveniences of daily life that we are accustomed to have been obtained ata terrible price. In our eagerness to make what we call progress, we have contaminated out rivers and oceans and lakes by emptying the raw sewage from our toilets into them. We have aggravated the problem by allowing chemical pesticides and fertilizers used on crops to run off into our water supplies. We have also dumped poisonous chemicals into landfills so that in many places the water lying under the ground imperils the health of those who eventually drink it. As a result, ishing. : the amount of clean water is dimit ‘Human beings have often demonstrated how resourceful they can be when there are problems to be solved. When we run out of something we need, we can usually find something else to take its place; however, there is no substitute for water. We have to learn to conserve this precious liquid as though our lives depend on it— because they do. An extravagant person is sometimes said to “spend money like water.” Now, however, the time has come for us to learn to be frugal and spend our water as carefully as a penny pincher spends money.74 Lesson 9 Answer each of the following questions in a sentence. If a question does not contain a vocabulary word, use a vocabulary word in your answer. Use each word only once. Questions and answers will then contain all fifteen words (or forms of the words) from this lesson’s word list. 1, What are three things that can contaminate water? 2, What is the meaning of aggravate as it is used in the narrative? 3. What three ways can you think of to practice water conservation? 4, What is the meaning of substitute as it is used in the narrative? 5S. What happens to the quantity of clean water as water pollution increases? 6. What is the meaning of vital as it is used in the narrative? 7. What remains after the impurities have been removed from water? 8. How would yout describe the taking of ten-minute showers during a drought? 9. Why is water our most precious natural resource? 10. What happens when poisonous chemicals accumulate in landfills? 11, How would you describe turning off the faucet when brushing one’s teeth? 12, How can drinking from most rivers and ponds affect a person’s health?Wordly Wise 3000: Book 3 13. How would you describe an order that festricted families to only one gallon of water a day? 14, What is the meaning of sustain as it is used in the narrative? 15. Has the rain cycle ever stopped since it began? To preserve something is-to keep it from being harmed or yséd up. To conserve some- thing is to use it carefully and without waste. To preserve the giant California sequoias means not cutting down a single tree; to con- serve'a forest means to cut down no moze trees than can be replaced naturally. -—_ +e eeeee When substitute is used as a verb, it is always followed by the preposition for. You substitute one thing for another. You never substitute something with something else. You do, however, replace something with something else.