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Improper Integrals

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82 views

Improper Integrals

Maths

Uploaded by

logith.25.5
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Integral Calculus ws [36 Improper Integrals ————————————— b In a regular (or proper) definite integral f f (x) dx, it is assumed that a the limits of integration are finite and that the integrand f (x) is continuous for every value of x in the interval a sx (c) Interior point = tin | — 2a pao & | Vill. Problems based on Improper integrals a Type 1 Problems : naa vz ne hh. ogt log] = ra 3. Determine whether the integral J Sdr is conver 1 x Example nit. . £ divergent. =¥ Solution : “a logx ° Take f 8% ae x ete, 1 ‘ u = logx dv = Sade St x oe t WB ae = tim ee nx +3 | 2 ee zoe y, cal lim f trod oe al dort +) = (tos +0) Femi + +1] = lim too atest) 041 =): Es Integral Calculus f oR ge is convergent. 1 x 0 Example 4, Evaluate : f x e* de ‘Solution : 0 Given: f xe%de = fim fae dk = lim f sae) = tin [fre] Fea] = tm [ote —[e]] = tim [-te! -a-e)] - La ae = 0-140 = 1 Finite) jrumnieal = 0 ©. f xe* de is convergent. a 1 If de ox? + @? Example 5.Evaluate : 5 of p in the integral f sae convergent 2 ¥ : Example 6, For what value: [AU N/D 2018 Ran) Solution : = lim fe Par = 10 1 epee | hae 41, lim f= ae ee yes? 0 lim eth | tim eae ne =pt+1| tow P~ ee Fi 57 p>1, converses wo , p <1, diverges Example 7. Explain why each of the following integrals is improper i] 2 4 2 ie 2 yn fs 2) de Sis ase @ Jive i 1 1 2 —— @ s cotx dx 6) J ya @ J We) Solution : (1) Given : j 1-x d is an eo integral, since given integrand has infinite cisco interval (0, ») a B12 Bt (2) Given : f ar is an improper integral, since given integran atx=1 d has infinite Integral Calculus 3.147 ro (5) Given : J ya is an improper integral, since given integrand has infinite discontinuity atx=0 2 (6) Given : J de Vl =x) (2 =x) is an improper integral, since given integrand has infinite di liscontinuity alx=1,x=2 Example 8, Evaluate : f 1 o 41 Soluti i lim fF ‘olution : Given ; aloe fm ori m0 Lee “ie, fa too fen P41 & #8 convergent. Example 9(a). Evaluate f xe* gy Solution: | Take fxe-* ax Put u = 2 du = 2xdx Seon = Send waaay e 2 Sxe™ ar = f xe train. 9 = Ran ae 2 Take fxe™ dk 0 eS 2 Qe fxe% de = A Siqmecs saute 4 2 Example 9(b). If f is continuous and J f (x) dx = 10, find f f Qx) de 0 0 [AU N/D 2018, RAT] 4 Solution : Given : f is continuous, ff (@)dr=10 .. (1) 0 x70 2170 Let 2v = ¢ > ddx = dt 2 De S fea 0 gral Calculus 3.149 1 ; . Evaluate [ ——> dr fl t mple 1 value | es nae [A.U A/M 2019 R-17] a jolution : Take f eye «= (1) Putw = x-2 1 t - du = de ce = Sanam = Se au = lim ( = | +2 = 042 = 2 (finite) eee 3-2” is convergent. a 0 Sede = tim f Fae = tim tome t to= i 3.150 Engineering Mathematics, ll. (Type 2 Problems) S. 1 Example 1. Evaluate J ae Solution : Here, infinite discontinuity occurs at the left end point of (2, 5 = du 5 Spee - in | os = lim [2ve=2]) = tim (2¥5 —2VE2) = 2V5 Cn tet t2) 1 vu-2 du is convergent vou 1 Example 2. Evaluate [ 0 Solution : Here, infinite discontinuity occurs at the right end point of [0, 1) 1 ie t pus See eee Es a | 9 toi 0 to17 0 = lim [-log(1—] = —log0 = pal | 1 . J Toy & is divergent. 3 Example 3. Evaluate f —+— dr 0 Solution : Here, infinite discontinuity occurs at x = 1 3 3 5 ee Gael fet de tt t Take f Se, lim flog @ - DJo tet 0 Xt tei> = lim log(@—1) = -« ter tegral Calculus |- dx is divergent. * ry dx is also divergent. * = Aya is divergent, + 5 ee sou ome |- # 3 x 4, Evaluate f de 0 @-) ion : Here, infinite discontinuity occurs at x =1 = ii - v3] tm Be-], = tim [3¢-11 43] =3 tL 3 3: Take ee i : {ew aaa @- ee 1 We know that, flogxdr = xlogx -JxZ@ = xlogx—x , 1 s () = Sf logxde = lim fx logx — =], 9 ot = lim (0-1) - (Hlogt — 9] 10" = -1-lim ((logt— 9) 0 logt (Ss ‘ ee Vt [= tors] " 0 u wor | -1-lim [=| [by L’Hospitals rai] + |-Ve 2-1-0 = —1 3 Example 2 51, RAS, UD] 6. Evaluate J wae [AU N/D 2016, MATISI, RAS, Solution = Here, Infinite discontinuity occurs atx=3. 3 t S eau= tim f de = lim [2s] 2 mad Y we = tim. [(-2y3=H —(-2)] = 2 (Ente 13 A = = Bie 4 = lim Rel) = lim [2v3 - 2vE] = 2V5 (finite) tO reo > ee * i YE & is convergent, ll. A comparison test for improper integrals + 1. (Comparison test 1) If O convergent J 0 de is absolutely convergent and hence convergent, 1x pe 1: Determine whether each integral is convergent or divergent. luate those that are convergent, 1 3— age Divergent Convergent, ze Divergent i

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