Unit I

PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Introduction

Physical Education as a subject in the curriculum has been dejectedly uncared for in the past and has suffered many
setbacks due to misconceptions among the teachers and administrators who, perhaps, never had the chance to be acquainted more
about the field. It is, therefore, necessary that this subject area be properly defined and interpreted so that it will receive its rightful
emphasis in the educational program. In this unit, the students taking PATH-FIT 1 - (Physical Activity Towards Health and Fitness) as
a required subject will comprehend better about the meaning of Physical Education and the coverage of the course. There is almost
undisputed agreement that optimum health is one's most esteemed possession. Schopenhauer, the German philosopher expressed
this thought when he wisely remarked, "the greatest of follies is to neglect one's health for any advantage of life."

A study of history of nations shows that advancement is directly related to the physical, mental, and emotional health of
the people. In the process of improving and maintaining optimum health, it is necessary for all people of all ages to participate in
physical exercise; there is an ample variation in the types of exercise, which are recommended for different age groups.

General Objectives:

At the end of the unit, the students are expected to:

 define physical education and interpret its meaning in relation to life situation;
 analyze fitness as the major goal of physical education;
 discuss the general objectives of PE as a part of educational system and its legal bases;
 state the purposes of Physical Education in a developing country; and
 acquire physical knowledge and skills necessary to demonstrate adequate movement in performing and health enhancing
fitness
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Physical Education: Definition, Goals, Objectives and Functions
Specific Objectives:
•Explain the meaning of Physical Education;
• Define fitness as the major goal of Physical Education; and
• Differentiate the objectives of Physical Education.

Definition of Physical Education

Physical Education has undergone many vicissitudes and numerous changes of path in the Philippine schools. There was a
time when Physical Education was considered as education of the physical, hence, a muscular physique was considered as a physical
educated body. The activities then were termed as "drill", "physical training" and "calisthenics". This old concept of physical
education would, in all respect, mean today as strengthening the muscles.

The newer and modern perception of physical education is that it is education through physical activities. In modern
physical education idiom, it is education through "movement." Wunderlich (1967) describes of movement as follows:

1. It provides sensory data.

2. It broadens the perspective horizon.
3. It stimulates function and structure of all bodily organs.
4. It is the means by which an individual learns about himself in relation to his ambient environment.

What "education through movement" more particularly entails is the taking of that culture-based family of activities and
processes- games, dance, gymnastics, athletic sports, and outdoor pursuits- as a means "through" which the teacher can help effect
enviable outcomes, despite the consequences of whether or not those activities have essential worth of their own. Moreover,
Physical Education focuses on the concept of "learn to move, move to learn". An individual must know how to move in order to learn
on how to move in order to acquire and learn the needed knowledge in a certain activity.
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Physical Education

Physical Education is an integral part of the education program purposely to promote the Optimum development of the
Individual physically, socially, emotionally, and mentally through total movement in the performance of properly selected physical
activities (Andin, 2002)

Phase of education concerned with the teaching and learning of skills and titles in play activities.
It is an aspect of education that may be appropriately described as education through physical exertion.
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 Legal Bases of Teaching Physical Education in the Philippines Setting
1901 Physical exercise was one of the subjects introduced in the public shocks and regular programs of athletics was developed
1920 Physical Education was made a required subject subjects in the curriculum of all public schools
1937 Physical Education was made curricular subject in the secondary school curriculum
1969 The School of Physical data and Sports Development Act of 1969. A program of activities included among other:
1. A program of health education and nutrition,
2. A program of physical fitness for all pupils
3. A program of competitive athletics
4. 4 A program of intramural and inter-unit athletic competition within schools, districts,, and provinces; and
5. An annual athletic competitions within and among regions.
1982 MAPE was introduced and the learning area involves music, arts, and physical education
(Foundation of Physical Education by Carmen Andin)

Article 1 of the International Charter of Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO, Paris (1975) and Recommendation 1, Inter-
disciplinary Regional Meeting of Experts in Physical Education and Sports, UNESCO, Brisbane (1982). The practice of Physical
Education and Sports is a fundamental right of All. and the right should not be treated as different in principle from the right of
adequate food, shelter and medicines.

Article XIV Section 19 (1) & (2) of the 1987 Philippine Constitution mandates that:
The state shall promote physical education and encourage sports programs, league competitions, and amateur sports,
including training for international competitions, to foster self-discipline, teamwork, and excellence for the development of a healthy
and alert citizenry.
All educational institutions shall undertake regular sports activities throughout the country in cooperation with athletic
clubs and other sectors.

Functions of Physical Education

Physical Education performs three functions which are:

1. Biologic Function- refers to the enhancement of the individuals' growth and development through body movement.
2. Integrative Function - refers to the personality integration achieved through participation in properly selected
physical activities.
3. Social Function- refers to the transmitting values and standards that are consistent with the needs and ideals of the
society.

All in all, Physical Education as education "through" movement is best conceived of as being that component of the
educational process which aims to improve and complement the individual chiefly through professionally selected and directed
physical activities.

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Fitness - A Major Goal of Physical Education

Different people differ in their notion of fitness. In the field. of Physical Education, the concept of fitness has implications
for physical, social, emotional, and mental well-being. In view of these four aspects, it can be said that FITNESS is the ability to live a
healthy, satisfying, and useful life. This type of life is what the educational philosophers and thinkers term as the "good life." This is
the ultimate goal of education.

To live the "good life" means that an individual satisfies the basic needs as physical well-being, love, affection, security and
self-respect. He lives blissfully with other people and is interested in them. He has an interest and yearning to serve humanity and
believes in and exemplifies high ethical standards, Because of his secure relationship with people and future events, he lives a
remarkable and stimulating life.

Physical education as a component of the educational system strives to aid or facilitate the development of an individual so
that he can achieve total fitness to allow him to envoy's the "good life." Therefore, a major goal of physical education is FITNESS.

Objectives of Physical Education

The following objectives of Physical Education are viewed and stated in terms of their contributions to the outcomes of
education and in the curriculum.

Physical Development
Through cautiously selected physical education activities, an individual who participates energetically will develop and
maintain good health and a high level of physical fitness. The attainment of physical skills can motivate an individual who
participates further in physical activities; hence, his growth and development will be improved.

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 Social Development
Involvement in Physical Education activities provides opportunities for the development of enviable social traits needed for
adjustment to the social life in general.

Some worthwhile traits are:

1. friendliness
2. cooperation
3. respect for the rights of others
4. good sportsmanship
5. good leadership and followership
6. honesty in group competition

Emotional Development

The informal nature of physical education activities offers opportunities for self-expression and emotional mastery.
Examples of worthwhile emotional traits are:
1. self-confidence
2. self-control
3. self-reliance
4. courage
5. determination

Mental Development

Through participation in physical education activities, the individual develops his mental capacities as he learns the
mechanical principles of underlying movements, as he obtains knowledge and understanding of the rules and strategies of the
games and sports, and as he discovers ways of improving his movement in gymnastics and dance. Likewise, it enhances critical
thinking how activities are done according to rules, regulations and strategies.

Objectives of Physical Education

1. Knowledge-it enhances critical thinking how activities are done according to rules, regulations and strategies.
2. Physical fitness - improves and maintains the workload of the individual without staggering and undue fatigue after
which have time or energy to meet some more emergencies in life.

3. Social-to understand oneself, to get along with others for effective living.
4. Motor skills- it is the learning of the fundamental skills necessary for participation in sports and games.
5. Aesthetic-relating or responsive to or appreciative of what is pleasurable to the senses.
6. Nationalism - preservation of cultural heritage through revival of indigenous games, dances and sports.
7. Conservation of natural environment- such as protection of forest and aquatic resources.

New Directions for Physical Education

"All our educational efforts must be directed towards the development of our national goals as a developing country." This
focus, contained in the Presidential Decree No. 6-A, is entitled "Educational Development Decree of 1972," the goals of which are:
1. To achieve and maintain an accelerating rate of economic development and social progress;
2. To assure the maximum participation of all the people in the attainment and enjoyment of the benefits of such growth;
and
4. To strengthen national consciousness and promote desirable cultural values in the changing world.
5.
The foregoing development goals must itself offer direction to the teaching of physical education. How will Physical
Education lend significant to these goals? What can the Physical Education teacher do to contribute to the attainment of the goals?
The answers to these questions will come to the fore when the purposes of physical education have been well understood.

Purposes of Physical Education

The Physical Education specialists in our country have identified the following purposes of Physical Education:
1. To develop optimum physical fitness and health of the individual so that he is capable of living the "good life" and
contributing his maximum capacity to the attainment of the goals of the "New Society":

2. To produce individuals who can contribute to the economic well-being through:

a. the improvement of proper work habits and work attitudes such as punctuality, cooperation, reliability, precision and
accuracy, and open-mindedness; and

b.proper emphasis on problem-solving skills such that an individual can identify a problem correctly and master the skills
necessary or useful in the business world;

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 3. To train good leaders with moral integrity of the highest order, and develop other desirable traits necessary for effective
group participation or group living essential to the New Society through;
a. an adequate system of values by equipping the individual to be able to make moral choices or decisions needed in daily
living; and

b. offering group participation in such experiences as intramural, extramural, play days or sports fests;

4. To develop creativity and innovativeness inspired by an abiding faith in God and love of country and fellowmen; and

5. To install a love of and pride for their preservation, and develop an understanding of the culture of other for a feeling of
international brotherhood and unity.

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Unit II
PHYSICAL FITNESS
Introduction

Physical fitness is but one part of the total fitness that includes the mental, emotional, and social aspects of the individual's
total well-being. Physical fitness is the result of the following factors:
1. good medical and dental care;
2. proper nutrition;
3. adequate rest and relaxation; and
4. regular physical activity and or exercises.

However, no single factor can suffice for meeting the needs of our society. Physical fitness is not permanent. The fitness
level of an individual deteriorates once he stops his regular regimen of routinary exercises and physical activities. Also, this activity
will be useless without the other factors contributory to the total fitness of an individual.

General Objectives:

At the end of the unit, the students are expected to:

•Define and explain Physical Fitness;

•Differentiate the components/concepts of Physical Fitness;
•Make generalizations on the concepts of Physical Fitness;
•Make general concepts of a physically fit person;
•Discuss the benefits derived in executing the Physical Fitness Test;
• Build and sustain mental and physical stamina; and
• Cultivate healthy mental and physical habits.

Physical Fitness Defined

The Meaning, Concepts and Components of Physical Fitness

A. Health-Related Fitness
B.Performance-Related Fitness
C. Benefits and Parameters of Physical Fitness

Specific Objectives:
1. Define physical fitness;
2. Differentiate health-related fitness from performance- related fitness;
3. Discuss performance-related fitness;
4. Enumerate the benefits and parameters of Physical Fitness; and
5. Execute the Physical Fitness Test properly.

The Meaning, Concepts and Components of Physical Fitness

Physical Fitness is the ability to perform one's daily task efficiently without undue fatigue but with extra "reserve" in case of
emergency.
Being physically fit means being able to perform one's daily task efficiently without undue fatigue and still have an extra
energy to enjoy leisure activities and/or meet emergency demands.
Based on this definition, there are (3) three important aspects that an individual should be able to meet in order to be
considered physically fit. These include:

1. Being able to perform one's daily tasks without getting too tired before the end of the day. These daily activities include:
a. Waking up in the morning to prepare for school or work b. Going to school or office on time
c. Attending classes regularly
d. Doing assignments in the library
e. Meeting other individual, classmates and peer groups f. Going home
g. Doing homework and household chores

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 2. Enjoying leisure time in some form of recreational activities. Leisure time is the amount of time that is left after the daily
routine activities of an individual have been accomplished. Recreation, on the other hand, refers to any activity that is participated in
by the individual during leisure time on voluntary basis because it provides an immediate satisfaction to the individual. Recreation
takes place in the form of:
a. Watching TV or movies
b. Talking to friends over the phone
c. Reading books and magazines articles. d. Doing arts and crafts
e. Listening to radio
f. Playing sports
3. Meeting emergency demands such as: a. Doing important errands
b. Performing social obligations
c. Attending to visitors
d. Attending to household problems

Concepts of Physical Fitness

1. Organic Vigor-refers to the soundness of the heart and the lungs, which contributes to the ability to resist diseases.
2. Endurance- is the ability to sustain long-continued contractions where a number of muscle groups are used; the capacity
to bear or last long in a certain task without undue fatigue.
3. Strength-is the capacity to sustain the application of force without yielding or breaking; the ability of the muscle to exert
effort against the resistance.
4. Power - refers to the ability of the muscle to release maximum force in a shortest period of time.
5. Flexibility it is a quality of plasticity, which gives the ability to do a wide range of movement.
6. Agility is the ability of an individual to change direction or position in space with the quickness and lightness of
movement.
7. Balance - is the ability to control organic equipment neuro- muscularly; a state of equilibrium.
8. Speed is the ability to make successive movements of the same kind in the shortest period of time.

Components of Physical Fitness

The components of Physical Fitness are divided into two categories the health-related components (Flexibility,
Cardiovascular Endurance, Endurance and Body Composition) and the performance-related Muscular Strength, Muscular
components (Agility, Balance, Coordination, Power, and Speed).

I. Health-Related Fitness

Health-Related Fitness is a function of body's adaptation to exercise. It could be developed and maintain through the
regular and proper exercise program. There are at least five (5) components of Health Related Fitness. They are as follows:

A. Muscular Strength refers to the ability of the muscle to exert maximum effort in brief duration. It may be developed
through isotonic, isometric, or isokinetic contractions.

Isotonic Contractions are voluntary contractions in which muscles shorten muscle 'contracts at varying speed against a
resistance. and lengthen alternately. The These contractions are of two types:

1. Concentric Contraction - refers to muscles that shorten during exercise. There is no movement that occurs and the
length of the muscle remains unchanged.

2. Eccentric Contraction- refers to the muscle that lengthens during an exercise. Muscles exert force due to refers to the
muscle that an outside resistance.

The most common example of isotonic contraction is calisthenics exercise. This makes use of a body segment or the entire
body weight as a form of resistance during an exercise. Some of the most traditional calisthenics exercises that are being performed
to increase muscular strength are push-ups, sit-ups, and pull-ups. Another approach to develop muscular strength involving isotonic
exercise is through the use of weights.

Isometric Contractions are another type of contractions in which the muscles are contracted against an immovable
resistance. The exercise provides maximum contraction of muscle; however, there is no observed movement during the exercise.
This is done for about 5 seconds.

Isokenetic Contractions contractions but the muscles are exposed to fixed machines are similar to isotonic with variable
degrees of resistance. Through the range of movement, resistance is equal to the force applied.

Two physiological benefits derived from strength training:

1. Increase muscle strength by 10-25% within 6-8 weeks; and

2. Increase muscle size or muscle hypertrophy

B. Muscular Endurance refers to the ability of the muscle to endure a sub maximal effort for a prolonged period of time. Performing
a strength exercise such as push-up over a long period of time or performing the same exercise for many continuous repetitions is a
demonstration of muscular endurance. One basic requirement in achieving muscular endurance is muscular strength. Muscle

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endurance is developed by employing the different strength training exercises mentioned above either for longer periods of time or
an increased number of exercise repetitions.
C. Cardiovascular Endurance refers to the ability of the heart, blood vessels and the lungs to adapt to physical exertion for a
prolonged duration. Usually, the heart rate is increased from the resting pulse rate to target heart rate that the individual has to
sustain for a period of 20 to 60 minutes. With high levels of endurance, an individual has more energy and has the ability to sustain
different types of activities. It is also likely that coronary heart disease (CHD) is prevented.

There are important variables to consider when engaging in any cardiovascular endurance program. These are:

1. Intensity which refers to how stressful the exercise is.

2. Duration which refers to how long will the exercise be performed.
3. Frequency which refers to the number of times the individual will exercise each week.
4. Mode which refers to the kind of activity, selected such as brisk working or jogging.

Physiological Benefits of Cardiovascular Training Program

1. Decreased resting heart rate;

2. Decreased recovery time from a bout of exercise;
3. Increased blood volume and red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body;
4. Stronger heart muscle allowing it to eject more blood (stroke volume) with each heart beat. If this occurs, the heart can rest
longer between beats;
5. Increased number of capillaries for efficient exchange of oxygen, carbon dioxide and nutrients between blood and body cells;
6. Decreased rate of respiration;
7. Increased aerobic capacity which allows the body cells to utilize oxygen for better work efficiency, and
8. Prevent and/or reduction of the risk of developing coronary heart diseases.

Activities that develop cardiovascular endurance

1. Prolonged brisk walking 6. Continuous swimming
2. Prolonged jogging 7. Rowing
3. Stationary bicycling 8. Aerobic dancing
4. Prolonged skipping rope 9. Hiking
5. Playing basketball 10. Playing football

D. Flexibility is the ability of the muscles and joints to go through a full range motion. Flexibility reduces the risk of injury, enhances
performance and prevents muscle soreness. It is achieved through stretching designed to lengthen or elongate soft tissue structures
and thereby increase the range of motion. Flexibility is influenced by three factors:

1. Structure of the joints;

2. Amount of tissues surrounding the joint, and
3. Extensibility of the ligaments, tendons and muscle tissue that connects the joints.

It involves four basic movements, namely: flexion (bending of a body segment), extension (straightening a body segment),
abduction (moving a limb away from the body), and adduction (moving a limb toward the body).
Body flexibility is achieved through stretching specific segments of the body. To achieve good flexibility, exercise should be
performed daily. For very tight muscle-joint area, it is highly recommended that flexibility exercises be done at least twice a day.

Types of Stretching (Basic Methods Used to Develop Joint Flexibility)

1. Ballistic Stretching. Ballistic stretching uses muscle contractions to force muscle elongation bobbing (i.e. up and down) movement
quickly elongates the muscle with each repetition; the bobbing also activates the stretch reflex response (Nelson & Kokkonen, 2007).
Usually this type of stretching uses in sports like gymnastics and performs in a controlled manner.
Example: Ballistic stretching - forward bending done in rapid bouncing movement
2. Static Stretching. This involves slowly stretching a segment of the body to the farthest point and holding that position for at least
15-30 seconds. This type of stretching is fairly endorsed by many physical educators and exercise psychologists because stretch is
easy and pain free and the risk of injury is very minimal.
It is performed without a partner and each stretch is easy and pain-free. Once the stretcher has achieved its full range of movement
and begins to feel a mild discomfort (muscle tension) in the body part being stretched, the position is held statically.
Example: Static stretching - seated hamstring stretch

3. Dynamic stretching. Dynamic stretching is the use of a muscle's own force production and the body's momentum to take a joint
through the full available range of motion (Clark & Lucett, 2010a). Dynamic stretching is beneficial for any sport that involves
dynamic movement, especially in sports like athletics, Football etc. that prepare the body to move better specifically before start of
an exercise or competition. Mason (2011a) suggested that in performing this stretching the movement should be in a slow,
controlled way, relaxed, and breath steadily to execute properly.
Example: Alternate lunges (right & left)

4. Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF). It involves the contract-relax approach to stretching. During the contract-relax,
the partner attempts to move the limb at its lengthened range of motion and isometrically resists the partner's attempt to move the
limb into a deeper stretch. Then, the stretcher relaxes the limb and the partner slowly moves the segment into a new range. This
type of stretching can be done active (i.e. w/o partner) or passive (i.e. w/ partner).
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Example: PNF-hold-relax hamstring stretch

Fitness Benefits of Flexibility Exercise

1. Increased range of muscle joint motion;
2. Reduced muscle stiffness and increased body relaxation,
3. Improved blood circulation in specific body segment,
4. Reduced incidence of injury during a major sport event; and
5. Reduced risk of cardiovascular problems in exercise.

E. Body Composition refers to the proportion of lean body mass to fat body mass. It stresses one's relative fatness or leanness in
relation to height. In recent years, body composition has gained wide acceptance in exercise science as one of the components of
health-related fitness. Its inclusion was earlier opposed since supporters believe that fitness is for everyone, including the slim and
overweight. In addition, being fat has some genetic predisposition that may be quite difficult to alter.

Somatotypes.

Somatotyping or body typing is a system of classifying an individual according to the shape of the body. It was developed by Sheldon
during the 1940's and 1950's. He noted that the physique of the body may be categorized into three distinct types: a) Ectomorph, b)
Mesomorph, and c) Endomorph.

1. An ectomorph body type is characterized as lean and small body build with greater surface area to mass ratio. Bone size is
relatively small with slender limbs and low muscle mass.
2. A mesomorph body type has a relative predominance of muscles. The bones are usually large and heavy with massive limbs, thus
contributing to greater weight than the ectomorphic body type.
3. An endormorph body type is characterized by a relative predominance of soft roundness and large digestive viscera. There is a
greater percent of body fat when compared to lean body mass.

Somatotypes are of special interest to fitness enthusiasts and athletes. It helps the individual understand the extent of weight
reduction or weight gain he/she expects to achieve given a well-defined exercise program. Among athletes, somatotype is highly
correlated to excellent sport performance depending on the type of sport event. For instance, it has been found that among track
and field athletes, physical characteristics of those successful in shot put differ from those successful in marathon. This suggests that
for one sport event, a specific body type may dictate one's superior performance over another. However, some body type is not only
limited to one particular shape but can be a combination of two body types (e.g. ectomorph and mesomorph) for instance, a high
jumper athlete in athletics.

II. Performance Related Fitness

It refers to the quality of one's movement skill. It includes 5 general components namely:

1. Balance is the ability to maintain equilibrium in relation to

changes in body position. Balance can be categorized into static and dynamic balance. Static Balance is the ability to maintain
equilibrium in a fixed position such as standing on one foot or on a balance beam. Dynamic Balance is the ability to maintain one's
equilibrium while the body is in motion. Walking on a balance beam is one example of this type of balance.

2. Coordination is the harmonious working relationship between the skeletal muscle and nerves in one aspect of movement. Hand-
eye coordination is demonstrated in certain sport skills such as catching, passing, dribbling or volleying a ball.
3. Agility is the ability of an individual to quickly shift or change direction of the body from one point to another.
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4. Speed is the ability to perform a task or move from one point to another in the shortest possible time. It is also the time spent
finishing or completing a performance after the initial movement has been made. Speed is influenced by the reaction time which is
the time elapsed when the "go" signal has been made by an official of the first motor
response.
5. Power is the ability to perform one maximum effort in a short period of time. It is a product of both strength and speed as seen in
many sport activities such as track and field and weightlifting.

Benefits of Physical Fitness

1. Vitality. Muscles are basic for all body action. They increase in strength with activity and deteriorate from lack of it. Fit muscles
use less energy to perform the same task, leading to an increase in vitality.
2. Posture. A physically fit person is able to maintain his general postural alignment better than one weak musculature. Good fitness
as a program stresses the development of anti- gravity muscles, which maintains good abdominal wall and the arm and shoulder
girdle.
3. Relieves Lowback Pain. A lack of physical activity has been found to be major cause for some cases of pain in the lower back.
Most adults who suffer from low-back pain are relieved from this pain by exercises that strengthen the back and abdominal muscles.
4. Retards Aging Process. Continued participation in regular exercises of the proper amount and severity is of considerable value in
postponing that usually takes place as a person grows old.
5. Physical Fitness and Ability to Meet Emergencies. The body that is accustomed to sedentary living habits can
usually operate ineffectively even though it is operating at near maximum effort.
6. Neuromuscular Skill. The smooth, efficient coordination of the muscular system is improved as a result of regular participation in
physical activity.
7. Relaxation. Overactive minds in underactive bodies often need physical outlets for accumulated emotional and muscular tensions
that seem to be relieved by actions of the skeletal muscle.
8. Improvement of Personality and Social Skills. Participation games and sports aids in improving the personality and in developing
desirable social skills.
9. Mental Fitness. Because of the mental and physical relaxation that often results from physical activity, regular exercise is thought
by many to be of considerable value in aiding the natural mental processes to function with increased efficiency.
10. General Growth. The physically fit person usually possesses a high degree of general resistance, which enables him in
successfully avoiding minor illness.

The Parameters of Physical Fitness

Many proponents of physical education have various ideas on how to measure physical fitness. Educators on physical education
today separate the various disciplines into four measurable parameters, which are:
1. Muscular Endurance
2. Muscular Strength
3. Cardio-respiratory Endurance
4. Joint Flexibility

The above parameters are considered the hard core of physical fitness. Without strength, participation in physical activity is not
possible and the fitness of the individual is limited. When muscles are weak or lack endurance, all movements are curtailed, since all
movements depend on the strength of the muscle or groups of muscles.
A fit individual can maintain a lower heart rate disting activity which can supply a greater volume of blood with th contraction of the
heart and can recover more quickly after exercise than a less fit individual.
As the late president John Fitzgerald Kennedy said, "Pgital Fitness" is not only one of the most important keys to a healthy body; it is
the basis of dynamic, creative, and intellectual activity in that intelligence and skill can function at the peak of their capacity when
the body is healthy and strong"

Activities:
1. Group Sharing/Brainstorming
2. Create an 8-week training plan to improve your physical fitness and develop the 4 parameters in physical fitness.
3. Physical Battery Test

Safety Recommendations:
1. For the instructor, it is very important to review medical factor of your students.
2. Students who require medical attention should be identified by the PE teacher. If a student has an infection or is not feeling well,
they should not take the test.
3. Spend 5-10 minutes warming up before the physical fitness
test.
4. Two hours before the test, students should avoid consuming large meals.
5. For the test, students should dress appropriately (PE Uniform).
6. Students are required to measure their pulse before the test (at rest).
7. Their baseline heart rate must not exceed 120 beats per minute.