REESE eee Unit 5 CENTRAL FORCE PROBLEMS # central frees Force thak acts biw Amy 2 poaticte that & dependent only on the distance bo thin ancl point fers ons pashicte we Another. doggange Car4 st) Hamilton C4 1P1 t) + [Rectuce, a tive, body. tote one body dor Sion lee Chosnckerisation] ee Catenl Ane Arn Hevce iahees Lie of Acbion 2 alums | disacted towards the fired Poink Knorr tha. canbe 08 Hae I 2 Pree ae two Poubeles jo the syste, thao : of action Acting along dhe ental bree Wain lne | : “ag object Hae Line peiring he conve of tha 2 objee atic Pree elven & cledtn'e || eq: Gsavitationa | fore, elecbrott trterackion Such ruclrits governed by the antral . i ee dake dnd tink Sxtbeng & pachele “by te Sricee. 51 5a9) # Reduction Of 2 body problens te equivalent one body pfobleny a conosdinalis of 2 body Stn Consider 2 bodies fo atwlated Aysten of masses wnt having pation vector ip 42 azapectvely dak 2 be the Aelakive positios vechox. @ be the position Vechy wert tentae op mats Com) Lot af iy be the: selative pus of 2 objets. Atom the igure, RR @ oe a we” nate =@ 2a+k 3G me as AL (at Systems as 6 (te an) degaees of gueedom sof has 6 to-cndinabi to describe tha mnobion “Ihe 3 Combinanis Pd 3 eombinank YR ae 6 geualized co-vadinates.) om ton be Given as, clear Th + og he, R= -@ mma mal +m '20 > @ Rearrangiong «4 B Re = ual icy Ar! an! Go using Ea 6 © 7. iy eserging Social hing D io D ag Sal 8 ay Ot say. rite : ; a 2 @. Ae analyse ‘ng pacblbnn! sd ie onichebseal’ propedty, dee us cori ipdoget yt [FOUR VASO syster, ate om wae oT the kee Te WER Yundbio w toroidal, cand ienlative position cvectorto be conservative and the Race a Consider the dyst ra Tavelved W§ central, thin PE & A function of the wegnitade of lative petition vectoi se +2 br omh th mek VO 9 @ wing @ 430 » @ bed mm [Be met +L mie [ea en ee E wore el ce \n a LAs Py on med mn) 28 + ‘ ama fay ray yt o. ie) eee Vv) ror Le f gz CH Loot) @ ed sh vier ate det wytme= MF Mayme wo tee =H - be Papi voy Tras eure! face wiolion Of a bedites Splits os uniform tenter a, mass motion and xtlative motion LO a pasticle oman 1 with te gelalive Co-adindle ix. 1 we cowsiee te, tinker of, mnout t4 04 Hest on moving coith conblant velocity Ween LY « contlant- a, EU independent op 7 [then a cording ts independant o) aey, patendes, fan the Coordinate U cled epic conmeaings] Be. oun eye Covoadimate «mus We con drop ths. BASE Let Yorn Abe Legeangéan Webel pee £ HR = ven This 4 the degangel oy Ana paatiole | moving io a teodnal Sorc sfetd. The pacblem a, 2 bodies moving ender the ingluener fh whckial cenbral Rives ie thes, “eyetunlant, te a on body tretlem waving about 4 goed geld fee caster: pare equations ay mations ‘and als det us consider AKL conservakive- central oe Oe ee Fone tu along 1 The systero ee ol ines page cabot Hee teckel aeletel ones Po mer : Past ere co-ordinate System eh 2 ae cee dink distance $ : dapendank ony ones Me ee Sina. ee POO “pose! aqhattealy ot 4 6 (ay Hoe ysteet +e Fined) a7%5,+ eben abut “Y tavaniont andi 7% tin br A paudle a wat pio The eqn of ™O turtral Fore pjetel Fer) - 4 pe=ane ——————— ¢) + Argulor wacarter ‘ cabis aking the aos plectuck ap both sider of eguealiin @ RePH Re COT y Be LS Bak 20 axpe 70 7 % diy cantrating Argon emun tems be axpeax pe Weds Rime , : atid (ix? ator (rx pir lx py .@ dnteo fab. On & dt =. ay Lien acowst mak @, Angular mornsotum Loja body pod Uy action of Oumntral Bree censenved, wept tee dot product at with + : Let Gre pidey = (axa) pa Ley =0 Tay. a 1 Kr means that the rupalole wromanstint L dy the Yeotor 7 i, Ake Aaclias vertor 7 of ttn Single B nome fasticle es in & pene Ly 10 tee augbe [_ . a WY bee jen te wrlicn io that case wurst be tong, a Stoajght Une V5 Brora the tenloal force « The tntoel foe motion i alwoys to ihe plane and thus the particle consiclerred has only & Aegan of yotdora. Bie ee we choose the spolax fe geouatised ty tee pastor, so he degeog! wusitten Ob Can be le TY = Linifyetst]> veo 7 © Re erg (F891, ace ‘CoScedinate and the enasespo Hen 0 i acy rey gerestined mowenters Tea Br gre tya6) 2178 by Hi | e igs totegect Log a cantly Ais Mee Le Amage a teeorgel of moxion, To conten E ae! tromenrdanae Had gy egal Dreads yey OS ees Lewxp 2 apy = hoe) = BCA x (Neve) Sing PEN, get tet Corlinae Veetog Consider asus (ak a point A alesis ley eee b 5 ay, g. cunie Wkevel de the om moves 2 Vy 20 frome. ants a : hao poor Ads B- Tae aislenee ah po te pas ants oe Le De ‘ ? aun e(e No) + G20} a | oe distance 4 Sweeps “7 Vy 78 Of AA to Hime le = YL (mNe) St 4 Fina do BNE Small As will be Small end = pe x76) oluat a Slonight Une giver by Ag, tan We are Le pteedat > ; 3 : pis cur > @ Ap daz bdo : i a . EL gvrdot 2 ° 1 | ald, ah= ak de. aA_ 1 gre ore ie o> edrich the gadous very which 1 de ade at soaps out tte. anen’ 36 de Nelrog 5 $2 Lie be é be yor 8 adhe b puiy 2 tb Wich & 4 at 4 (e) ae Content LOL265 Lo & ae aura veloctly te, the q asia veloctly aten soeeps out the adits vector in @ uw at time Sach hak YEW & Conant: Tha tonseevalion Of Angular women tam implies that the aeciad vector 1 traces equal eres in qual Ilewvels a Rime, whieh i the keplees ard Lavo of Plastany won £ UG RUS nnn 4 lao a evel ace, gm artoxdanu te Kepleds laws A planet moves goes aba point chotee to the Sug, Hhak ab a poink perther a7n5 fen a, Wren £ Pcnesuet veloetty dencnses fin andes te Resp Het areal velou'y comet when jg menting periods WT Bing tan ten, warpating 4 O ; = T Jae = (= ak: ° J pay x J Anes. elk ; “Fi —6 -) -[2B)-2 and | ay aby. (RE). 26) Eé)s° ot. meget dt jp Be mio dt 3 eo Thee degean ben Pote ha Co-ordinate: epee Oe ¥ can be waltten 4 4 (ni) = ae ew 6 Tae Aypanges cantons for te C0 waitles as > ordinate © canbe Atmstb} 20 76 | a | Reprsienting » value of force along 7 BY feo dnd Substititing thas 02 “@ = 5h dat) vind 8 dma). 2 and? = FOr) Teer ce Ob om be dienin dled pow He “ploove tquation ) tae by aving a Strond cade Adpeuntal Cpuatin divelving veal. eeSuadeibaddyy the valet 6 we get ae te: 4 (a) = 8 ai mi) — 72 tow a) i 7 a) ee i | 7 oe ane fts) ci This LY anether get vot gca] of vation available Mowing the tptal energy Sioces the ye involved) axe. conserva Delving UT inkegea) agai wing ey @ a ye 4 gniga'-d (vet) Poor \s : oe 4 (pot aye ae fit 4 ven + Uc cannlant? ofp Qa “wis equation “gives the Stelamant: OF consperation of awtal entigy baz by oD , Substituted and given Lean be wosto® Brose Lit am VCr) seat 2 age Le md tbat + ver) sews 3 2 a gt) aver) = cok F Co? pone a, Le [mite mtsD AN? ' ann gat wheel motiing . Thue due godt wading” compte Going) pestle ised co-ordinated 160% se ete i es faand onder dipgeantio! sedan. cigar eqh “tosesipok The temaining, 2. Witgectioc 4 OD ~ per Thin Ou ntegeals 9 wot ‘ean be ne bywayTs ggghy Ee tla) = atteol 26 a ame” 2 dwits E+ U . gmat at i it: a (eve e VE [ ayo Ak Hime t=o 1g tas am Initial value of Then tre integeal fpor 4 initial Ante te a Pinal Shake 3,1 ey Gen be given by i : oe dy | =@ 2 fey te & lev % This equakiog gives ding do be a poncho of , Bind de Corstens Oy Inkexabon. oe ELE, she obwe ean Crm be inected -L give nam funchion of time. dp- L, & 9 @ woa® t o> Ji 48, © 5 mae 4 FD MM. the ow seme takepentos E,2,%,) Op ae morte only coastenk’ | integentions nto corsvdeed pre 4 alse chat : fu a thegutoa og woe Poneto’ A he edt ; ae sete Kbevee cons dats whith tn be we Ort & aww ever tne physical cemnot be emdecsood *a ee Gui vale + ww _ probes, ye 34) ough hy eo BED Her ean sve one a dimenivoal problees ,tnese euafions, fn pasctire ane mole a, stion managabie « Tus 4 ersploying tM equekions and torsenation urcirm — & boE cat be coroplimunted callout actually OBleining enpltelt selutions, consider & gystew with encagg F and angulas amomentem L thag ta daaectisg and wageiticde 9g, veloccty em (ey conmidering tha tauo Of velocity attained Smet % 7 tomseyalion gy enengy the waagnstae a be pblalned a8 ! - Es wesPe Es Kyte va) consi ding 99 GB) Bis Lead? pV) = const ae The above equakicn provides datails pubaining to Hea setltol velocity 6, tenabaining it, the details obtaind abye te mag. gq, velocity “@d We Chin Under Stand the dinschon 4 velocity. Another withed will be to connder the tonvrtation 4 angele momintcine that yuimishes O ~ the Ongudon Vebouity: This along elt R Gives ithe ad diction oy fuather sultt ean be aad by conddag) covatdoig On equivalent \D dimgniional problenr fom gO po mk HE = Few ron? Tnis equakion repprsens the tqnabio O% wae vrolion (tems or such that © enpassses} 5 tndewe ge ais ean nas. only cod its deivoives. €4 @ , cay be aouctecd for « Prerivious one Aimundionel » probler fa wich © subjected Ae o force pauticle a mars mn 8 @® Coukriygal Fosce.) : ple Pera + ne mes Gls Bony 4 med * Pater + ae = (i -96) woh we adoteetyl TE pp ued Fede ae centsiagel free OS= Conaid ing the san) av conservation @ MOUgy: Lek t vert HL meonst E eet “owing Fe 9g fil Pek pt Mh tus : oe ee ty potential and he Gy Aor eqpaions Ageee wil each other, the comewalion euveyy tesozim (44 104) can bas be 8 Ez \wiey' 2 the inverte Squace Loud of forte Faking inte aceount Hye Fign bdtodes shat foe Fem ky, whe ee ee polenbial energy 4, this fone canbe given 4” Ve-K 7 The. epective potential ox te gu Vove ant we sve on Fetitiovs potential [ peal til ron Gab nse thee = Kigine ial & - Oxigi (potentialthe ayguntil | ys Son for the e orbits ancl at 4 > ntegg able qe lace oy, potential 33% without eplierttdy Betving cquabions, 94 wolians he qualitative Jeoueeaes 94 te patie oy moter Mo 4 Uae quantitative be cbtained ty onder te undersina: % onli, &, bx pesuit Foteuns oy ae complete. eqpation Vie paramabec b bow dont by tomidering ta equation ay wrdlios deptrdente: a4 ron Or by eLiaronadling tm case oy antral fore. prollens the eLiminal ben be nak provides Ue suletinaship jr Ans. dig curb change of Mme At, and the coaseponding han ge de cea be diven 04 mE oe i —=:6 ms dar 2d ce Intgoluing We vaninble, o-L 0 ov urd uw =e Gee ws eo ark, f= -24 eS AM Bs ae ast @ fren “8 Agen Ae ei wi Ze aha rn of wien a & postele id ! i“ a? 2 fe Oe edac tut STs Ve Aa jemmblal equation athe obits LL i ~ SS he abve eanekion con be roar og fo) < fu -dv LS sue 2 ayy ge oe fut : Ee é 2 om yy "e) ay db) 4 vet | ga 2 om oe de ee a7 au lu +m dy cL fe + = 7) 8 He | _..-.-—--—=—-—sv_—=—ds——sr=—=sr_ 6 «¥§SEhELrCLdCUdlrd rr he abit eqation must be Banas » vohelbey se Cnparsied totems of Oo - 0, ag the orbit UY trvarient nda weplectoo aboul- apsidat vectors a de = at > ” . oor" | do- A. ae . met |Jy te Variable a, integration tu dhanged bo %, Aen duz-l di lay * \[* @ | 1 8 ° .f$ —— Jane 20 ys 2 @ Bre lee yi a & Te dnctos. ai 4 Ste tregals DEO, esrnnt be eapuscod j Orwell Knstove pots only cttai> types ok re Rue laos nr be nwertigatee 1 dking fake aciount voles ee Lait! +O then the fret vagios at an nth pacer ay 7 ” Near ub Oo O a da 0: 0,- ° ee f aS 3 ! - Ec amouel s = hs pate he eae che enpest ad sofemes o% Aig nannies wyodions at mel, By I when me-1 B entaced since “Ub coasesponds ts B tovdtonl potenbial, ty thet & mo forte 7° J BME Lay a ® ve ee ~u Me Yen 1 a dy _ 28 — + amu uw a oe Ri aa The Gabegeal ow te nage side on the above. equation Vili storderd gu of Me lyre pds ail aib+2ew) | , ag arbare*® = re (et Hae Adar ee 2 ue ae Ones be 25 gear —@ % % [ Pua ) ‘(ee — 4y ant xo a: s lee) wee) Rook 7 a Eee) fae tor? So dook * 2 eye | « fh fie 2] 9 we es! ao® “e meee ey mk 2) Ye : e Gy Aa Bo hace = ) O00) +1 = Bu ok 2] he , 7 - BOR fey gett] 4 2 [esse] Oy eC ce 26th Eat 1 Pyles eee ee) ee : he Cobo) 74 ris Be egabion of Hie orbibals. The constants EEL a tke tonttants intention appens 2 the w® Bo eee cbteined by fading the solution ay ae op oF metirn give by, a Rb)= a dl co a ye do paorel equation ae Conic atts wettbcene focus ol the : niin, can be gen by Oo * tru ; 60; Geo caer ke c [ire costo-e J 2®@ (ieee Me Suh that B * a ce whe Eas a ¢ ro : E> Starricity of Cee edbing « Troe \* : : (2) : y Ege vee * ei( PEE) 2B >" wos (g-0.) = Vem! | . a oe | The. mate oe One aupinds on Be valu oF giver a ee pero — bib i _ ee 4 G21 E20 — Paable V+ 2er™ en . Get > ELo— ebm, 260) tee sic ce eget we 60, dutowmtnes Hoe ee te ie eee Tin. The position Aled pediauter eoluneas Wank coeserpoveling qucting above. He Sun it and mbove HL eanid, Tran "3 Bpocerter » fox (Aled porilion and apelin Ferigae and cen be eallad 04 aster Br case A am ellise he pullin B= WF rig Amel apelin a? 15s for the value O Yin suyectively * 380m eg © is $e bos @- Oe beef 2) l T CLt+€ 605 8-0) onientetion O% the obi %o consespon ed to couesprding do 727 mon ib pel thus to aapoguees The. tutningptets fe genes) 1, ain diab er 0-6,- 0 ain O-0,2% 1) by929 ©-Be20 ' Dinan 2 O-Gae T ye : lite) Berni wa] Aids B= Mute Clive) + eee) 2 cee) ote a eCre) 1 ORRE +O Re Ae ee a) o ee : wikh mae ye Ret ae ee) a & a a ik E2688 oe = ee mike. e ¥ fz %-) Ve . rae We apne’ ae 2B mee (t ) a a ao a(t ©) —@» seem eg, a a mb (We cos(6-€e)) a | sup @ tm ahve 1” axl 18 8-6) oa a (we? —@ 14 & 80-09 Get ®- 6.=0 og Cleo: ise (so ge atte) se D 0-028 7 r az acted Co 3 * 2 alissy, Se @ Cire) (1-8) a Cire) (re) ——_—_ 2 Pepets tad by = ok T bethe Kine peied o te CMiptieal orbit Nia aca oy Me ellipse px HY LT a0 re aren 9 tte elise cnn be: atm as FAP cminor 08, a bas te Bengt a tee $erd mriner ing. Ace tate WOE tave, ° Kab= LT an t= 20 rab : dn an ellipse, P= A “etre) ven Oe ee eee ie ae a) a bt Bub da value % PCN : Ge ete a 243 cba gt oh, ht E wee mkSSS. a 4eatn qe tee mk 5 Nay ty) Ve 7 Wgperbsl< J Pare bole fy % for apaticiden volts ae | Fone ng a Ya th Se“) dominant ae enna : Yap 3) Why Kaa Vey 20 will .peless than od, ae dot 48 dowinast The small value 7 the a > +0 1 Newry as $70 br daygunk valuse I at a, ar bs sa winding aes Yo de then © vaeids these a ve ensinatr? aadial distance sadiol distance: The wiotie? “ unbounded + A poatrde cossusponeling, be Es comes etose at Re oe ee ee gp ete and then tars bas i fee acqenricle lei, Et! gientin tls is anbouncded = tung pemne- ang mncbion tse Sper Nao? og the porticle coussponding- tbe this Te egy tondtion 8B, The mdtine: ap rassoctaked eile Radial distances Re tie Km aad Rake Rmen Anus 4 Rae ane te seni, pout ak thse fs pis omg ¥ cal wee v amr ge ka canesg nud mot be ven wun Het wo zee! ‘ Zoro at tune poi dle particle > vet at ; si ebony, neal miobioo ak Huse qos oe Confined lo reas @, bee Gecles Oh aadii Fe in atordance te the allenelive lavese Square. lew ta she a ep a ellipse ownite Gre ak hn faite Ets win R Marien Who AE Ke tae Kades Week casos with en angle © given Bev te L de fo ae TE) thin 6> ax C%) then the ‘ path closed ote, lu te period male Radius végy makes form. mo. of ee revolutions when ig mol given by rotebiora| ection dian victien % fs prrcessinag motion end 4 a aosete “4 2 end tha shege wen ondagiy= Magy (min = Fea a. 6 £0, wa be siege yaite ip 420 Vales trys the matin patidedd exxeulan. cose 1 ; EEL Y, cn) Nay 7 is bateginr My sip cee to tes he shyirer nyed Henk2) Seatieting mo centre! force fed. Emaigince ay ews by ait focus arose out op Alowomicel prcblems associated wi io, lanalewry wolions Ard ancncr Puportint gerd thal can be analysed intewmt Classeal wechenits, te seatesivg, by eentaal fonce sted SY te posticles comsidecrd aut at abomie leveld Tradeqacies nay Arise dur te Qantans pfeets Unat art wvolve tangy, Tw such ofeas. A ch Toate jo A contra’ high eotagy of pastiles by +vely charged ruclens - Consider a tniforin beam o poshicles 0 fame raats and energy Encldent onthe. force cantee - at VEY large Ai Stances a for yall! te zero Te incident beam is thasacteined by spelying Hs flare clnsty (also kuown OS intensity ot 1), gta ava us given os he smubes A samal + tha bean do unt Wskdes as ing por wait Ate ; fines Either aftaadtion ox repuliion ocr b aes Hak Approach the force Unter and the orbit 4" een Horr the inckdont Stanight Line trject 79° tus taf is diss ction a mating WS Mat Some othe incidenf diaection And te pakide seated » the taass Sethion 9 seallesing io a given disedon cays defined by Ths. wo. of poatieles Scatleud to the. solid aca Ads ongfe da per onibtime Incident ‘tensity @ Buch Arak £62) hoy the dimension a anes, VC) us he clemant a solid angle in the disecbion o TCA) allo known a Ayjpeintial Sealtetng ctoss section a 1 whe | t ' t Be wef) e A gi ‘) ee ee i ee eA any hea (de en ls ae a 2@ thee Atha ado etter 9 ha Youticle - Aigulds wawsrtuim % erage art Tenpostont parameters that determing ot the tment a, Seattexing Erprensing angulae vecoman tun ills cpanuang ‘dsoduaing, the qpantity Grpeck pasenite cominitnk inrems 2 it tana. bln oe S, hw dead or to pependiont as Estana bh . Ve Ute Weider yetooitg dizction and Gtr a fore 4 eancidunt vabaithy a, Uae goal tet Le axp = tmv, 3G) ; toe exe clued canssipendlt oulgte the KE io bs ese thas, . pelm 5 %= | = 2B z ro sub- @ io G9, ee gre gm (22 = S frem 2768 7 ™ Fale fuss Yin « dor day, vouas 9, 5 Ate Satetng OE OT ta ficles trotdenl per The rummber oy bo txamsx ue to seseat B oe impack pasamel S4d5= a nans nds a sod ange ine = Tx iene0 | | -@ Tne absolute vals 4 introduced since We no” % fostedtes Should be tye and S $2 vartes in opposite. Aine ction The tmpack pacameber sb the sanction Y the scalteting angle and encegy , een@© gives dike digger al Bess Section oe pootele considering the diggential en for obit? . x=042y o= 6.4 f da lo n-2y : . ame ae ear Ls = vu PF ime = * Rewsiting it as @ % b : de as td fH ow 2 fame — 2M 21 ee towpidering partly Tepulsive scattniny, F AE poetacits jon the orbitals te be. fr Bymmibic tht seattering angle is give? by, Me otey pear ye tha gle bao petaria Cetoseat approash and the carsgmptol (4 straigh le cowtinumrallge eapptonchiiny 2); suing Rete be whiny vy BT be my orTEK & fiHy -se [re ~ a ene az an dak de vw f sdu sp +e Te se Ie Go BH ae oaing Be Ma Conngubation a, Scattering angle and oe a Auch & produce ts the #7 nce ty Crdiaerfon d ge de tack mumecical tluskaation ulsive FeScatixing tm a aunteal Race etd 14) Ratheetord — Seetlatrey Gn order lo discuss tu Seatlering o4, avely chotged poatrcle. yom Ihe heave, rucleus, we assuents | nucle And the positively chaaged particle may be dimensions ae Mot takin tte Accovert BY ma benny suppoved be be point nucleus fo that twin ime nucleus ay te atoms 6 AG Laat Ur b ak sest duainng, collsion, i) ae nas 9, tre teely changed paste may hecause the veloctly 0 ely changed! pastele B very small a4 onpouce) with. tle velocity & LyBl- be taken 04 constant’ le approach & henvy muclent change ze ace positive thane will b foveure quest tavo- dev oc eitvely anacged’ peabele A Ni oyeabaige Ze As both the charges 1a ace a repulsion beluseen therm iver by coulombs sin fence 04, epultion traunser Aaptaly a4 She ig nucleus Me positively charge pasticth oy dnttial velocity we tea huang positive nucless arrel Changes fier a Soncglt Figuce- poate gett dete te papelled by patna PAR having oe feanat Nas Shown line fo & dhe intial andl final Aetectiso 0, motion Assyepiots Po and OG giver oy Vax qeaticle te sat Ud Samat tho porticle sated & be Scattered.Fees eae [the pegendicuslar distance of Po fom AsNie p Tha it the Shortest as eae eee pate me. tuatiog Yy ontit glee by bs eC ieee) 30 we te Jeng 7 1 vzzte’ ee that cx MELE ye tne. codicating te fue, FE fy Atis ease -Z2%e* gg Re axe 7 Ahnk the Bice 1 Repultive. ae Sastinling > Oy oe mee C16 on 0-0) u Niko Mahe tnikeel Unwin Stk such thgt Or Hen, + DMEE (ine #5 0) ee xe Subswiittig valu oy KTH ante @, Ue AE Corey ty 428 ce7* eeepc arewery WF me Cotta velociyy 0% the pastile- ts Ve, than we tave Be bt ™s Tine 7g Auonding to the principle 4 cantewation ” a aorguluas mamentern, "Mops mare sf wy = crewing 6 OF se he 1 9 te the tnihial diccticg 0, motion of the paabiey Te p Same ~@ sasstitating eg % % € 1a Ora) 26 CP Gent * were” Tear stds equating tes cea tak, coupe, 1 Meze Cupecote) Mt To axe s* octal and font diet s 95 he PORE, aie a, tne angle betwen the cat’ ad pte led aofe 9, Sateng oe oc ee ene anak o ¢>F bbc ae ee % aes SE 1 rasents & bypetbola: o>e tee os are esarnk, wes (BB) =H Sin & 2-L $275 cow e $278 cm cove? 2 ae? Byaring ewe? Bae’ ee . ox eof ve ae & 2+ (SE) coo - entokp 2 zrie® “1 entobp 2 geet! SOE - zzie*Fone equation gives Angle @ sealing Po dems a Ipack Poxaracte Fe enuegy E, the chage: on the mucles ze tod nascte vt. Rutherford “Scattering, G08 Sections the Sea giver dimeetin ‘u degeed 0h, rntlewed tole 5eltd Bint Joss Section io any exloaddaty muimber of fart sire se ty she, aeme 9, Sat vag te ie eel land eta) B afer tnowon at diypuntinl Sctlaing O85" $8 he tutdent inenity % dyped af Wt muhes postides cooing anit onze tromal 4 te, Incident bearaio Unit sine: Put the diygunbtal op Solid Angle. Wo chor lo the plane ecbete lus behoeen @ tnd rde t dure siob de do trsough angle dood PAdd che deateding ts being corateloud he seattering toss. vectiso tua angle & 9 ay plane ls given by, o coer drs [ -@) sob dgde = neh) todbdb oo 14 the truddeck intently, the murmber OY particles seatleccch tobe sol angie due par unit Line > an Told) tin & db stu cuss techno Gecha yoticle haing * caliston prunmetes between p44 te the aie oy the radius p Ane! wid dp » So that repdps anpap Theukre te number 8 pastiles sith lmpack fararaber lying betwee Reetdp = T.amp dp M5 the vursber particles Satlees fe atlaad Toke Seliel angle dis lying belweeen 4d iB egucl te the number 2, poubictes 4 Lying Nerwero 94 Pedy, rete reer 2 axpdp sant el) sob Ab ra tmnpact pasarnsler ove Sin He inkaodced beenate ome To ante dpi « angle decuases bef meant UAC BAe UY ewerted on the poukele 7 Seatering Jan amount 4 &. ede oa er Sob 4b pe zz'e* ® See G) 2 222" coec® Bi Ede * Ene ” zy a dp 7 ze cnet $40 ene suertuting values FF ap os (eee § eet ge, Gee) 8 Ce ‘ aso b as bab 5 4 =. (ZEEL YP coe o- (EE) wk, sed Scattexing aaoss-section - Te shows that Aka well Koren Rathenf i poaticles Seatte tha teal est section a Mente Ot vanaber must be prspabional ey 1D eosectp) vi) he i) te tyne oy te eng fropstiona| ty the Samet cxeys sauce op the nuclear heege ec owtke paubite €216)5 ay tee ited beivare O99 $ eLoutomb Scxitering d Cautomb Scattering 4 a general beam ned lo deve tlasbe toutomb nkerchion §¢ behween bye charged poabicles : Ao trugetic prcjectile and a darget>Medute!? The foo © corordinate S444 tun dust ystems Met aa Fencl tine mobion “> 4 rigid becky crucesseng © i 1) Grervia sme A Yondy 4 Sate lo be aiged then the relative | - \ tyelere goed to Spach pasion op The pais xtra unchanged duvingy Dip body tycteo youd te the Hyéel boty. pa undes the cbc % ‘emtewnal vee’: hoa moti ted a ion the body | Ce Be ontes te Adlemnrind tor ‘wos Oy tonotdinat. Syeieed et position of Hae boty io Fhe dich ce wk lee mobien &, when Subje Oe ie ey aatiiadetoas | Neen amnk the pouketes Remain comblant . | ia Muaght line. ead pot would generally | a aaa YF eames CAC pascal (0 | (Mews vee eile chaothy cH A wo okelinabes bo hotel Lid booty peek i evil 2 toenstebson) 1,7 ee ee eee oe erie | | paakiete - ; aes ' tow potas +H" A general desplacumect nye rigid bdg | paquets a cacordinets rps 2 ib creosert surly e woe - Bn | - be Gnmcteud as a lmabiestion a downttabine | we nam aphee % pedis Tyg woltele : ha tim. : | Mok . : me oe ha. degess o, fserelove amecisted | we ETD sen, se ee SE te the mit Heely He space B GS asuile tak pte fe peed cack post ye imo plane = . A eaptess relly ee ent (etiel * Space 2a : : drorien Salle that te Wet alerg te ins. forning d é \ et de port Lge. Sack dae teis pornk Lapiaes h_> : Y ee ee igi body Aepecies = I > im AS Egad : c y * ym 6 vasdiad 4S Seenlpletely dap te ‘ eis ee eovstenints OF ragedity Here wang be additional Constraén & On T potabinef a7 a | the eigd. be which Oy dager 9, orden 23 Os) + TAM a ee paarabes 4J, Angular mowertacd — Lowider a aigid body ob » Me. mye 1,2, Spr + kee UF be jan whicelr the agilon veheetty ee ate A abut Ao anes puiyy targh « Hee weetea And Vj bt th which & given by WE Nie wed, 30 panties of mares tne (nstenlanrous body selaltida, ° Cio be the ee oliies ie Yast. dranalationa] veloc ty he nat ang veloeity, wd op te bely has He emfontnts Wy 5 Wy Fu, ae: aot ist —— *Cn) Subs Ht Value of vy, pr ©. Li Ze MAG Grea) > Ra AxCexe) = Boared-¢ CA'8) a icduati Using vector pl pono SHEEN bo w (mia )- a (min) os Z We Cmi dy ) mia Cris 2 rp : a mr Dwal — ¥ CrP =3@ tug tek 2® | Sub te | oH att ge Oe Le 2 mi fea tooy freee Cates) 172 | . pare Cog beyidene git uid ‘ we - poe, f 40h J] | | 2B on; [wet Poe Rta eae” | ag fae ® Cris edi eye “J ie Paypdy i+ cb my (0 pAb AL ne 9 ae hgh ak toate sigs t oo ee (ribet + xi yid 4 WSS 4 RaaSS 22 [PC dive “RIYA KE dort), 5 (atyy avy Yj a wy YI) + a HE Ways wy — Kai wy -2F Bi ~ 3m (ghee) 2 hi (BRED. = Te Somat (xz) mom CoH) ar RO (ots Bom (a7 4957) = Meove. quant Bis” eamclstbe: syne a Tye Fy, Tax 86 wins tiummeled TAZ wi de ety Eby, = Tye Tex - Tye ty aed fie wVe— Gran tities os ~~ i, = SF a apn Bee Ey ay syuarer othe cwrondlanates endl One ane a momen a Wwertta oh aes pedy about that Pouriualar ania &, Tee 6 TM about ards ee 3 4 am abot a che, wayccents B Tay Bye F Tze pTyte all Tmvelve the Ure and ae celled pe bn general walter os fe at ame oe aoe aa wry eee on we _tonyider bredly le peda aibraut % gots Ve eels Ce awe ples way. Ua Dlx We AT ny Wy +7, AE + ete eh (Byy Ot HB, We a eyes Je 8 (tee ae 1%) 8 Te Wt dite involves the thee 8 pps angetas wuementin? Lae we Tyy hy = ely