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Steel Design Chapter 1

This document provides an introduction to steel design and structural steel concepts. It discusses structural design which involves determining member dimensions and selecting cross-sectional areas. It also covers loadings like dead, live, and impact loads. Building codes provide standard requirements while design specifications provide guidance on designing members and connections. Structural steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that is strong yet ductile. Steel has properties like yielding that can be seen in a stress-strain diagram. There are various steel compositions and grades. Common cross-sectional shapes include hot-rolled, cold-formed, and built-up sections.

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Jonathan Yambao
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75 views

Steel Design Chapter 1

This document provides an introduction to steel design and structural steel concepts. It discusses structural design which involves determining member dimensions and selecting cross-sectional areas. It also covers loadings like dead, live, and impact loads. Building codes provide standard requirements while design specifications provide guidance on designing members and connections. Structural steel is an alloy of iron and carbon that is strong yet ductile. Steel has properties like yielding that can be seen in a stress-strain diagram. There are various steel compositions and grades. Common cross-sectional shapes include hot-rolled, cold-formed, and built-up sections.

Uploaded by

Jonathan Yambao
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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STEEL DESIGN- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
It is determining and selecting the overall dimensions of the supporting frameworks or members in a structure.
Here, we determine a required cross-sectional area for a certain structural member and select the safest dimensions
based on this area. Also, in RC, we determine the required number of steel bar to be used on a member just to resist
and safely carry the effects caused by loadings.

LOADINGS
These are forces acting on a structure. It may be Dead, Live, Earthquake, Snow, Rain, Wind loadings, etc.
These loadings are considered in different investigation or cases so that all possible failure may not be missed.

STATIC LOADINGLoadings such as live load is being applied slowly and stayed
on the structure, and then reapplied.
IMPACT LOADINGThe live load was applied suddenly.
FATIGUE LOADINGThe live load was being applied, then removed many times.
STEEL DESIGN- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
BUILDING CODES
These are the standard provisions and design requirements in building design and do not give design procedures.
We have here the P.D. 1096 - National Building Code of the Philippines.

DESIGN SPECIFICATIONS
Unlike Building Codes, design specifications provide guidance in designing a structural member and connections.
Design procedures, equations and formula are given here.
AISC American Institue of Steel Construction
AASHTOAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials
ACI American Concrete Institue
NSCP National Structural Code of the Philippines
CONSTRUCTION MANUAL
AISC Steel Construction Manual
ASEP Steel Handbook
STEEL DESIGN- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
STRUCTURAL STEEL
Steel, an alloy of primarily iron and carbon, with fewer impurities
and less carbon than cast iron, was first used in heavy construction
in the nineteenth century.
Characteristics of steel can be examined through tensile test and the
following are the results:
1. Stress & strain are linear up to the proportional limit.
2. Upper yield point is quickly reached, then level off at the
lower yield point.
3. The stress remain constant but strain continues to increase.
4. Load can still be applied in the specimen, causing a rise in the curve.
5. The specimen reached its ultimate capacity, then necks down.
6. Cross section is reduced in the failed area.

These results and plot are typical for a ductile or mild steel.
STEEL DESIGN- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
SIMPLIFIED STRESS- STRAIN STEEL COMPOSITION & GRADES
DIAGRAM Structural steels can be grouped according to their composition as follows:
1. Plain carbon steels: mostly iron and carbon, with less than 1% carbon.
2. Low-alloy steels: iron and carbon plus other components (usually less than
5%). The additional components are primarily for increasing strength, which
is accomplished at the expense of a reduction in ductility.
3. High-alloy or specialty steels: similar in composition to the low-alloy steels
but with a higher percentage of the components added to iron and carbon.
These steels are higher in strength than the plain carbon steels and also have
some special quality, such as resistance to corrosion.

ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials


STEEL DESIGN- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
CROSS- SECTIONAL SHAPES
One of the requirements in structural
design is to select an appropriate and
safe cross section of the member.
Hot-rolled
The steel enters to a continuous
casting system where it solidifies
and passes through series of rollers.

Cold-formed
Bending thin material such as sheet
steel or plate into the desired shape
without heating.
STEEL DESIGN- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Hot-rolled Sections

Built-up Sections
Sometimes, a built-up shape must be used when a
large cross-sectional area or moment of inertia is
required for a design, which a standard rolled
shapes are not large enough.
Built-up sections are also used to strengthen an
existing structure for rehabilitation or modification.
STEEL DESIGN- CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION
Cold-formed Sections

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